functions/New-DbaLogin.ps1
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function New-DbaLogin { <# .SYNOPSIS Creates a new SQL Server login .DESCRIPTION Creates a new SQL Server login with provided specifications .PARAMETER SqlInstance The target SQL Server(s) .PARAMETER SqlCredential Login to the target instance using alternative credentials. Accepts PowerShell credentials (Get-Credential). Windows Authentication, SQL Server Authentication, Active Directory - Password, and Active Directory - Integrated are all supported. For MFA support, please use Connect-DbaInstance. .PARAMETER Login The Login name(s) .PARAMETER SecurePassword Secure string used to authenticate the Login .PARAMETER HashedPassword Hashed password string used to authenticate the Login .PARAMETER InputObject Takes the parameters required from a Login object that has been piped into the command .PARAMETER LoginRenameHashtable Pass a hash table into this parameter to change login names when piping objects into the procedure .PARAMETER MapToCertificate Map the login to a certificate .PARAMETER MapToAsymmetricKey Map the login to an asymmetric key .PARAMETER MapToCredential Map the login to a credential .PARAMETER Sid Provide an explicit Sid that should be used when creating the account. Can be [byte[]] or hex [string] ('0xFFFF...') .PARAMETER DefaultDatabase Default database for the login .PARAMETER Language Login's default language .PARAMETER PasswordExpirationEnabled Enforces password expiration policy. Requires PasswordPolicyEnforced to be enabled. Can be $true or $false(default) .PARAMETER PasswordPolicyEnforced Enforces password complexity policy. Can be $true or $false(default) .PARAMETER PasswordMustChange Enforces user must change password at next login. When specified will enforce PasswordExpirationEnabled and PasswordPolicyEnforced as they are required for the must change. .PARAMETER Disabled Create the login in a disabled state .PARAMETER DenyWindowsLogin Create the login and deny Windows login ability .PARAMETER NewSid Ignore sids from the piped login object to generate new sids on the server. Useful when copying login onto the same server .PARAMETER Force If login exists, drop and recreate .PARAMETER WhatIf Shows what would happen if the command were to run. No actions are actually performed .PARAMETER Confirm Prompts you for confirmation before executing any changing operations within the command .PARAMETER EnableException By default, when something goes wrong we try to catch it, interpret it and give you a friendly warning message. This avoids overwhelming you with "sea of red" exceptions, but is inconvenient because it basically disables advanced scripting. Using this switch turns this "nice by default" feature off and enables you to catch exceptions with your own try/catch. .NOTES Tags: Login, Security Author: Kirill Kravtsov (@nvarscar) Website: https://dbatools.io Copyright: (c) 2018 by dbatools, licensed under MIT License: MIT https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT .LINK https://dbatools.io/New-DbaLogin .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance Server1,Server2 -Login Newlogin You will be prompted to securely enter the password for a login [Newlogin]. The login would be created on servers Server1 and Server2 with default parameters. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> $securePassword = Read-Host "Input password" -AsSecureString PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance Server1\sql1 -Login Newlogin -SecurePassword $securePassword -PasswordPolicyEnforced -PasswordExpirationEnabled Creates a login on Server1\sql1 with a predefined password. The login will have password and expiration policies enforced onto it. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login Oldlogin | New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -LoginRenameHashtable @{Oldlogin = 'Newlogin'} -Force -NewSid -Disabled:$false Copies a login [Oldlogin] to the same instance sql1 with the same parameters (including password). New login will have a new sid, a new name [Newlogin] and will not be disabled. Existing login [Newlogin] will be removed prior to creation. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> Get-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login Login1,Login2 | New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql2 -PasswordPolicyEnforced -PasswordExpirationEnabled -DefaultDatabase tempdb -Disabled Copies logins [Login1] and [Login2] from instance sql1 to instance sql2, but enforces password and expiration policies for the new logins. New logins will also have a default database set to [tempdb] and will be created in a disabled state. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login domain\user Creates a new Windows Authentication backed login on sql1. The login will be part of the public server role. .EXAMPLE PS C:\> New-DbaLogin -SqlInstance sql1 -Login domain\user1, domain\user2 -DenyWindowsLogin Creates two new Windows Authentication backed login on sql1. The logins would be denied from logging in. #> [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess, DefaultParameterSetName = "Password", ConfirmImpact = "Low")] [Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSAvoidUsingPlainTextForPassword", "", Justification = "For Parameters Password and MapToCredential")] param ( [parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1)] [DbaInstanceParameter[]]$SqlInstance, [PSCredential]$SqlCredential, [Alias("Name", "LoginName")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password", Position = 2)] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")] [string[]]$Login, [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")] [object[]]$InputObject, [Alias("Rename")] [hashtable]$LoginRenameHashtable, [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password", Position = 3)] [Alias("Password")] [Security.SecureString]$SecurePassword, [Alias("Hash", "PasswordHash")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [string]$HashedPassword, [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToCertificate")] [string]$MapToCertificate, [parameter(ParameterSetName = "MapToAsymmetricKey")] [string]$MapToAsymmetricKey, [string]$MapToCredential, [object]$Sid, [Alias("DefaultDB")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [string]$DefaultDatabase, [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [string]$Language, [Alias("Expiration", "CheckExpiration")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [switch]$PasswordExpirationEnabled, [Alias("Policy", "CheckPolicy")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "PasswordHash")] [switch]$PasswordPolicyEnforced, [Alias("MustChange")] [parameter(ParameterSetName = "Password")] [switch]$PasswordMustChange, [Alias("Disable")] [switch]$Disabled, [switch]$DenyWindowsLogin, [switch]$NewSid, [switch]$Force, [switch]$EnableException ) begin { if ($Force) { $ConfirmPreference = 'none' } if ($Sid) { if ($Sid.GetType().Name -ne 'Byte[]') { foreach ($symbol in $Sid.TrimStart("0x").ToCharArray()) { if ($symbol -notin "0123456789ABCDEF".ToCharArray()) { Stop-Function -Message "Sid has invalid character '$symbol', cannot proceed." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException return } } $Sid = Convert-HexStringToByte $Sid } } if ($HashedPassword) { if ($HashedPassword.GetType().Name -eq 'Byte[]') { $HashedPassword = Convert-ByteToHexString $HashedPassword } } } process { if (Test-FunctionInterrupt) { return } #At least one of those should be specified if (!($Login -or $InputObject)) { Stop-Function -Message "No logins have been specified." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException Return } if ($PasswordMustChange -and (-not $SecurePassword)) { Stop-Function -Message "You need to specified -SecurePassword when using -PasswordMustChange parameter." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException Return } $loginCollection = @() if ($InputObject) { $loginCollection += $InputObject if ($Login) { Stop-Function -Message "Parameter -Login is not supported when processing objects from -InputObject. If you need to rename the logins, please use -LoginRenameHashtable." -Category InvalidArgument -EnableException $EnableException Return } } else { $loginCollection += $Login } foreach ($instance in $SqlInstance) { try { $server = Connect-DbaInstance -SqlInstance $instance -SqlCredential $SqlCredential } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failure" -Category ConnectionError -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } foreach ($loginItem in $loginCollection) { $usedTsql = $false #check if $loginItem is an SMO Login object if ($loginItem.GetType().Name -eq 'Login') { #Get all the necessary fields $loginName = $loginItem.Name $loginType = $loginItem.LoginType $currentSid = $loginItem.Sid $currentDefaultDatabase = $loginItem.DefaultDatabase $currentLanguage = $loginItem.Language $currentPasswordExpirationEnabled = $loginItem.PasswordExpirationEnabled $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $loginItem.PasswordPolicyEnforced $currentPasswordMustChange = $loginItem.MustChangePassword $currentDisabled = $loginItem.IsDisabled $currentDenyWindowsLogin = $loginItem.DenyWindowsLogin #Get previous password if ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and !($SecurePassword -or $HashedPassword)) { $sourceServer = $loginItem.Parent switch ($sourceServer.versionMajor) { 0 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM master.dbo.syslogins WHERE loginname='$loginName'" } 8 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password) as hashedpass FROM dbo.syslogins WHERE name='$loginName'" } 9 { $sql = "SELECT CONVERT(VARBINARY(256),password_hash) as hashedpass FROM sys.sql_logins where name='$loginName'" } default { $sql = "SELECT CAST(CONVERT(VARCHAR(256), CAST(LOGINPROPERTY(name,'PasswordHash') AS VARBINARY(256)), 1) AS NVARCHAR(max)) AS hashedpass FROM sys.server_principals WHERE principal_id = $($loginItem.id)" } } try { $hashedPass = $sourceServer.ConnectionContext.ExecuteScalar($sql) } catch { $hashedPassDt = $sourceServer.Databases['master'].ExecuteWithResults($sql) $hashedPass = $hashedPassDt.Tables[0].Rows[0].Item(0) } if ($hashedPass.GetType().Name -ne "String") { $hashedPass = Convert-ByteToHexString $hashedPass } $currentHashedPassword = $hashedPass } #Get cryptography and attached credentials if ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') { $currentAsymmetricKey = $loginItem.AsymmetricKey } if ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') { $currentCertificate = $loginItem.Certificate } #This method or property is accessible only while working with SQL Server 2008 or later. if ($sourceServer.versionMajor -gt 9) { if ($loginItem.EnumCredentials()) { $currentCredential = $loginItem.EnumCredentials() } } } else { $loginName = $loginItem $currentSid = $currentDefaultDatabase = $currentLanguage = $currentPasswordExpirationEnabled = $currentAsymmetricKey = $currentCertificate = $currentCredential = $currentDisabled = $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $currentDenyWindowsLogin = $null if ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "MapToCertificate") { $loginType = 'Certificate' } elseif ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq "MapToAsymmetricKey") { $loginType = 'AsymmetricKey' } elseif ($loginItem.IndexOf('\') -eq -1) { $loginType = 'SqlLogin' } else { $loginType = 'WindowsUser' } } if ((-not $server.IsAzure) -and ($server.LoginMode -ne [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.ServerLoginMode]::Mixed) -and ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin')) { Write-Message -Level Warning -Message "$instance does not have Mixed Mode enabled. [$loginName] is an SQL Login. Enable mixed mode authentication after the migration completes to use this type of login." } if ($Sid) { $currentSid = $Sid } if ($DefaultDatabase) { $currentDefaultDatabase = $DefaultDatabase } if ($Language) { $currentLanguage = $Language } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordExpirationEnabled') { $currentPasswordExpirationEnabled = $PasswordExpirationEnabled } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordPolicyEnforced') { $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $PasswordPolicyEnforced } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'PasswordMustChange') { $currentPasswordMustChange = $PasswordMustChange # Enforce Expiration and Policy properties as they are needed when we want to use "Must Change" property Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Forcing 'Expiration' and 'Policy' properties to 'ON' because MustChange was specified." $currentPasswordExpirationEnabled = $true $currentPasswordPolicyEnforced = $true } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToAsymmetricKey') { $currentAsymmetricKey = $MapToAsymmetricKey } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToCertificate') { $currentCertificate = $MapToCertificate } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'MapToCredential') { $currentCredential = $MapToCredential } if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -contains 'Disabled') { $currentDisabled = $Disabled } if (Test-Bound -Parameter DenyWindowsLogin) { $currentDenyWindowsLogin = $DenyWindowsLogin } #Apply renaming if necessary if ($LoginRenameHashtable.Keys -contains $loginName) { $loginName = $LoginRenameHashtable[$loginName] } #Requesting password if required if ($loginItem.GetType().Name -ne 'Login' -and $loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and !($SecurePassword -or $HashedPassword)) { $SecurePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString -Prompt "Enter a new password for the SQL Server login(s)" } #verify if login exists on the server if (($existingLogin = $server.Logins[$loginName])) { if ($force) { if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($existingLogin, "Dropping existing login $loginName on $instance because -Force was used")) { try { $existingLogin.Drop() } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Could not remove existing login $loginName on $instance, skipping." -Target $loginName -Continue } } } else { Stop-Function -Message "Login $loginName already exists on $instance and -Force was not specified" -Target $loginName -Continue } } if ($Pscmdlet.ShouldProcess($SqlInstance, "Creating login $loginName on $instance")) { try { $loginName = $loginName.Replace('[', '').Replace(']', '') $newLogin = New-Object Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.Login($server, $loginName) $newLogin.LoginType = $loginType $withParams = "" if ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and $currentSid -and !$NewSid) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName SID" $withParams += ", SID = " + (Convert-ByteToHexString $currentSid) $newLogin.Set_Sid($currentSid) } if ($loginType -in ("WindowsUser", "WindowsGroup", "SqlLogin")) { if ($currentDefaultDatabase) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName default database to $currentDefaultDatabase" $withParams += ", DEFAULT_DATABASE = [$currentDefaultDatabase]" $newLogin.DefaultDatabase = $currentDefaultDatabase } if ($currentLanguage) { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Setting $loginName language to $currentLanguage" $withParams += ", DEFAULT_LANGUAGE = [$currentLanguage]" $newLogin.Language = $currentLanguage } #CHECK_EXPIRATION: default - OFF if ($currentPasswordExpirationEnabled) { $withParams += ", CHECK_EXPIRATION = ON" $newLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $true } elseif ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin') { $withParams += ", CHECK_EXPIRATION = OFF" $newLogin.PasswordExpirationEnabled = $false } #CHECK_POLICY: default - ON if ($currentPasswordPolicyEnforced) { $withParams += ", CHECK_POLICY = ON" $newLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $true } elseif ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin') { $withParams += ", CHECK_POLICY = OFF" $newLogin.PasswordPolicyEnforced = $false } # DENY CONNECT SQL if ($currentDenyWindowsLogin) { Write-Message -Level VeryVerbose -Message "Setting $loginName DenyWindowsLogin to $currentDenyWindowsLogin" $newLogin.DenyWindowsLogin = $currentDenyWindowsLogin } #Generate hashed password if necessary if ($SecurePassword) { $currentHashedPassword = Get-PasswordHash $SecurePassword $server.versionMajor } elseif ($HashedPassword) { $currentHashedPassword = $HashedPassword } } elseif ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') { $newLogin.AsymmetricKey = $currentAsymmetricKey } elseif ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') { $newLogin.Certificate = $currentCertificate } #Add credential if ($currentCredential) { $withParams += ", CREDENTIAL = [$currentCredential]" } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Adding as login type $loginType" # Attempt to add login using SMO, then T-SQL try { if ($loginType -in ("WindowsUser", "WindowsGroup", "AsymmetricKey", "Certificate")) { if ($withParams) { $withParams = " WITH " + $withParams.TrimStart(',') } $newLogin.Create() } elseif ($loginType -eq "SqlLogin") { $newLogin.Create($currentHashedPassword, [Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.Smo.LoginCreateOptions]::IsHashed) } $newLogin.Refresh() #Adding credential if ($currentCredential) { try { $newLogin.AddCredential($currentCredential) } catch { $newLogin.Drop() Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $loginName to $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } } Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $loginName to $instance." } catch { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to create $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL." try { if ($loginType -eq 'AsymmetricKey') { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM ASYMMETRIC KEY [$currentAsymmetricKey]" } elseif ($loginType -eq 'Certificate') { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM CERTIFICATE [$currentCertificate]" } elseif ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' -and $server.DatabaseEngineType -eq 'SqlAzureDatabase') { # Azure SQL doesn't support HASHED so we have to dump out the plain text password :( $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] WITH PASSWORD = '$($SecurePassword | ConvertFrom-SecurePass)'" } elseif ($loginType -eq 'SqlLogin' ) { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] WITH PASSWORD = $currentHashedPassword HASHED" + $withParams } else { $sql = "CREATE LOGIN [$loginName] FROM WINDOWS" + $withParams } $null = $server.Query($sql) $newLogin = $server.logins[$loginName] Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Successfully added $loginName to $instance." $usedTsql = $true } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to add $loginName to $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } } #Process the Disabled property if ($currentDisabled) { try { $newLogin.Disable() Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been disabled on $instance." } catch { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to disable $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL." try { $sql = "ALTER LOGIN [$loginName] DISABLE" $null = $server.Query($sql) Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been disabled on $instance." $usedTsql = $true } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to disable $loginName on $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } } } #Process the DenyWindowsLogin property if ($currentDenyWindowsLogin -ne $newLogin.DenyWindowsLogin) { try { $newLogin.DenyWindowsLogin = $currentDenyWindowsLogin $newLogin.Alter() Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been denied from logging in on $instance." } catch { Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Failed to deny from logging in $loginName on $instance using SMO, trying T-SQL." try { $sql = "DENY CONNECT SQL TO [{0}]" -f $newLogin.Name $null = $server.Query($sql) Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been denied from logging in on $instance." $usedTsql = $true } catch { Stop-Function -Message "Failed to set deny windows login priviledge $loginName on $instance." -Category InvalidOperation -ErrorRecord $_ -Target $instance -Continue } } } #Process the MustChangePassword property if ($currentPasswordMustChange -ne $newLogin.MustChangePassword) { try { $newLogin.ChangePassword($SecurePassword, $true, $true) Write-Message -Level Verbose -Message "Login $loginName has been marked as must change password." # We need to refresh login after ChangePassword. 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