Public/Get-CVE.ps1
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.SYNOPSIS Retrieves information about Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) entries from the National Vulnerability Database (NVD). .DESCRIPTION The Get-CVE function retrieves information via the CVE API: https://nvd.nist.gov/developers/vulnerabilities .PARAMETER ID Specifies the ID of the CVE entry to retrieve. .PARAMETER ProductType Specifies the type of product to search for. Valid values are Application, Hardware, or OperatingSystem. .PARAMETER Vendor Specifies the vendor of the product to search for. You can look these up at https://www.opencve.io/vendors. .PARAMETER Product Specifies the name of the product to search for. You can look these up at https://www.opencve.io/vendors. .PARAMETER KeyWord Specifies a keyword to search for in the CVE entry description. .PARAMETER KeyWordExact Indicates that the keyword search should be exact. By default, if KeyWord contains multiple words, they will be searched for anywhere in any order. .PARAMETER Version Specifies the version of the product to search for. .PARAMETER MinVersion Specifies the minimum version of the product to search for. .PARAMETER MinVersionType Specifies whether the minimum version is inclusive (default) or exclusive. .PARAMETER MaxVersion Specifies the maximum version of the product to search for. .PARAMETER MaxVersionType Specifies whether the maximum version is inclusive (default) or exclusive. .PARAMETER LastModifiedStartDate Specifies the start date of the last modified date range to search. Must be a [datetime] object. .PARAMETER LastModifiedEndDate Specifies the end date of the last modified date range to search. Must be a [datetime] object. If not set and LastModifiedStartDate is specified, the current date/time will be used. .PARAMETER PublishStartDate Specifies the start date of the publish date range to search. Must be a [datetime] object. .PARAMETER PublishEndDate Specifies the end date of the publish date range to search. Must be a [datetime] object. If not set and LastModifiedStartDate is specified, the current date/time will be used. .PARAMETER MaxResults Specifies the maximum number of results to return. .PARAMETER FilterAffectedProducts Indicates whether to filter the products affected by each CVE to match the ProductType / Vendor / Product specified in the search parameters. .PARAMETER APIKey Specifies the API key to use for the NVD API. This is optional but you may be rate limited if using the public API. You can request a free API key here: https://nvd.nist.gov/developers/request-an-api-key .EXAMPLE Get-CVE -ID CVE-2023-4863 Retrieves information about the specific CVE-2023-4863 entry. .EXAMPLE Get-CVE -Vendor 'Google' -Product 'Chrome' -PublishStartDate (Get-Date).AddDays(-30) -FilterAffectedProducts Retrieves information about the all Google Chrome CVEs published within the last 30 days, only showing the affected Google Chrome products for each (ignoring Linux distros, etc). .EXAMPLE Get-CVE -Vendor 'Microsoft' -Product 'Windows_11_23H2' -PublishStartDate (Get-Date).AddDays(-30) Retrieves information about the Windows 11 23H2 CVEs published within the last 30 days. #> function Get-CVE { [CmdletBinding()] param( [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$ID, [Parameter()] [ValidateSet('Application', 'Hardware', 'OperatingSystem')] [string]$ProductType, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$Vendor, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$Product, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$KeyWord, [Parameter()] [switch]$KeyWordExact, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$Version, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$MinVersion, [Parameter()] [ValidateSet('Including', 'Excluding')] [string]$MinVersionType = 'Including', [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [string]$MaxVersion, [Parameter()] [ValidateSet('Including', 'Excluding')] [string]$MaxVersionType = 'Including', [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [datetime]$LastModifiedStartDate, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [datetime]$LastModifiedEndDate, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [datetime]$PublishStartDate, [Parameter()] [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()] [datetime]$PublishEndDate, [Parameter()] [ValidateRange(1, [int]::MaxValue)] [int]$MaxResults, [Parameter()] [switch]$FilterAffectedProducts, [Parameter(Mandatory = $false)] [string]$APIKey ) # Suppress progress bars from calling Invoke-RestMethod $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue' # NVD API URL $Endpoint = 'https://services.nvd.nist.gov/rest/json/cves/2.0' # API supports a max date range of 120 days per request - longer spans needs to be split up into multiple requests $MaxDays = 120 # If the required date range is over 120 days we need to make multiple calls, but start with assuming a single range with no start or end date $PublishRanges = @(@{ StartDate = $null; EndDate = $null }) $LastModifiedRanges = @(@{ StartDate = $null; EndDate = $null }) # Add user agent to resolve 404 errors $Headers = @{ "User-Agent" = 'PoshCVE' } # Check for NVDAPIKey environment variable if $APIKey not supplied # It is allowed to submit a $APIKey as $null to override your environment variable, hence checking PSBoundParameters if ($PSBoundParameters.Keys -notcontains 'APIKey' -and $env:NVDAPIKey) { Write-Verbose 'Using API key found in NVDAPIKey environment variable' $APIKey = $env:NVDAPIKey } if ($APIKey) { Write-Verbose "Using API key $($APIKey -replace '(?<=.{9})\w', '*')" $Headers['apiKey'] = $APIKey } else { Write-Verbose 'No API key supplied' } # Set initial values for API query $Body = @{ startIndex = 0 resultsPerPage = 2000 # this is both the recommended default and maximum value allowed } if ($ID) { $Body.cveId = $ID } if ($ProductType -or $Vendor -or $Product -or $Version -or $MinVersion -or $MaxVersion) { # CPE spec defines 'Part' as being 'a' for an application, and 'o' for an operating system. * is allowed as a wildcard. switch ($ProductType) { 'Application' { $Part = 'a' } 'Hardware' { $Part = 'h' } 'OperatingSystem' { $Part = 'o' } default { $Part = '*' } } # Replace Vendor/Product/Version with * if they are null if (!$Vendor) { $Vendor = '*' } if (!$Product) { $Product = '*' } if (!$Version) { $Version = '*' } # A virtualMatchString is required if any of these parameters are supplied $Body.virtualMatchString = "cpe:2.3:$Part`:$Vendor`:$Product`:$Version" } if ($MinVersion -and -not $Version) { # API does not allow min/max version in combination with a specific version, so ignore MinVersion if Version is specified if ($Version -eq '*') { $Body.versionStart = $MinVersion $Body.versionStartType = $MinVersionType.ToLower() } } if ($MaxVersion -and -not $Version) { # API does not allow min/max version in combination with a specific version, so ignore MaxVersion if Version is specified if ($Version -eq '*') { $Body.versionEnd = $MaxVersion $Body.versionEndType = $MaxVersionType.ToLower() } } if ($KeyWord) { $Body.keywordSearch = $KeyWord if ($KeyWordExact) { # API just expects this property to exist with no value hence set to $null $Body.keywordExactMatch = $null } } if ($LastModifiedStartDate) { if (!$LastModifiedEndDate) { $LastModifiedEndDate = Get-Date Write-Verbose "LastModifiedEndDate not supplied - will use current date $LastModifiedDate" } if ($LastModifiedStartDate -gt $LastModifiedEndDate) { throw "LastModifiedStartDate cannot be greater than LastModifiedEndDate" } } if ($LastModifiedEndDate) { if (!$LastModifiedStartDate) { throw "LastModifiedStartDate required when LastModifiedEndDate supplied" } # If specified date range is >120 days, we need to break it up into a series of ranges to be used by separate requests if (($LastModifiedEndDate - $LastModifiedStartDate) -gt $MaxDays) { $LastModifiedRanges = @() $SubStartDate = $LastModifiedStartDate while ($SubStartDate -lt $LastModifiedEndDate) { $SubEndDate = $SubStartDate.AddDays($MaxDays) if ($SubEndDate -gt $LastModifiedEndDate) { $SubEndDate = $LastModifiedEndDate } # Add a hash table to the LastModifiedRanges array $LastModifiedRanges += @{ StartDate = $SubStartDate EndDate = $SubEndDate } $SubStartDate = $SubEndDate } } else { # Otherwise if range is <=120 days, just define an array containing a single hash table defining this range $LastModifiedRanges = @(@{ StartDate = $LastModifiedStartDate; EndDate = $LastModifiedEndDate }) } } if ($PublishStartDate) { # If start date supplied but not end date, set end date to now if (!$PublishEndDate) { $PublishEndDate = Get-Date Write-Verbose "PublishEndDate not supplied - will use current date $PublishEndDate" } if ($PublishStartDate -gt $PublishEndDate) { throw "PublishStartDate cannot be greater than PublishEndDate" } } if ($PublishEndDate) { if (!$PublishStartDate) { throw "PublishStartDate required when PublishEndDate supplied" } # If specified date range is >120 days, we need to break it up into a series of ranges to be used by separate requests if (($PublishEndDate - $PublishStartDate) -gt $MaxDays) { $PublishRanges = @() $SubStartDate = $PublishStartDate while ($SubStartDate -lt $PublishEndDate) { $SubEndDate = $SubStartDate.AddDays($MaxDays) if ($SubEndDate -gt $PublishEndDate) { $SubEndDate = $PublishEndDate } # Add a hash table to the PublishRanges array $PublishRanges += @{ StartDate = $SubStartDate EndDate = $SubEndDate } $SubStartDate = $SubEndDate } } else { # Otherwise if range is <=120 days, just define an array containing a single hash table defining this range $PublishRanges = @(@{ StartDate = $PublishStartDate; EndDate = $PublishEndDate }) } } # Use nested loops to check each range of publishing dates and last modified dates $Output = foreach ($PublishRange in $PublishRanges) { # If date range is specified, convert to the format that the API expects if ($PublishRange.StartDate) { $Body.pubStartDate = $PublishRange.StartDate.ToString('o').Replace('Z','+00:00') $Body.pubEndDate = $PublishRange.EndDate.ToString('o').Replace('Z','+00:00') } foreach ($LastModifiedRange in $LastModifiedRanges) { # If date range is specified, convert to the format that the API expects if ($LastModifiedRange.StartDate) { $Body.lastModStartDate = $LastModifiedRange.StartDate.ToString('o').Replace('Z','+00:00') $Body.lastModEndDate = $LastModifiedRange.EndDate.ToString('o').Replace('Z','+00:00') } do { # If MaxResults was specified, cap the number of results per page being requested. If retrieving >2000 results, this will only kick in on the last request as startIndex grows. if ($MaxResults -and ($MaxResults - $Body.startIndex) -lt $Body.resultsPerPage) { $Body.resultsPerPage = $MaxResults - $Body.startIndex } # Print out all contents of Body hash table to verbose stream Write-Verbose ((@("Body:") + $Body.Keys.ForEach({ "$_ = $($Body[$_])" })) -join "`n") try { # Get response and show total number of results in verbose information $Response = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $Endpoint -Headers $Headers -Body $Body -ErrorAction Stop Start-Sleep -Seconds 6 if ($Response.totalResults -eq 1) { Write-Verbose "1 result in total" } else { Write-Verbose "$($Response.totalResults) results in total" } } catch { throw "Error querying NVD API: $_" } # Check for unexpected result format if ($Response.format -ne 'NVD_CVE') { throw "NVD API returned unexpected format $($Response.Format)" } if ($Response.version -ne '2.0') { throw "NVD API returned unexpected version $($Response.Version)" } # Loop through each CVE in the response foreach ($CVE in $Response.vulnerabilities.cve) { # .Where method used for speed over Where-Object, preceding value wrapped in @() array to avoid errors when single results found. $AffectedProducts = foreach ($MatchCriteria in @($CVE.configurations.nodes).Where({ $_.operator -eq 'OR' -and $_.negate -eq $false }).cpeMatch) { # Use a RegEx to extract all of the portions of the criteria string if ($MatchCriteria.criteria -match "^cpe:2.3:([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+):([^:]+)") { # $matches[1] contains the 'Part' a/h/o in the CPE definition, or ProductType Application/Hardware/OperatingSystem as used in this function switch ($matches[1]) { 'a' { $AffectedProductType = 'Application' } 'h' { $AffectedProductType = 'Hardware' } 'o' { $AffectedProductType = 'OperatingSystem' } default { $AffectedProductType = $matches[1] Write-Warning "Unknown product type! $($matches[1])" } } # If we're not filtering, or if the affected product matches the Part, Vendor and Product (we are using -like for wildcard search, and null values were converted to * earlier on) if (!$FilterAffectedProducts -or ($matches[1] -like $Part -and $matches[2] -like $Vendor -and $matches[3] -like $Product)) { [PSCustomObject]@{ Vulnerable = [bool]$MatchCriteria.vulnerable Criteria = $MatchCriteria.criteria MatchCriteriaID = $MatchCriteria.matchCriteriaId ProductType = $AffectedProductType Vendor = if ($matches[2] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[2] } # Ternary operators not supported in PS5.1 so using if/else. If value is *, just ignore and treat as null. Product = if ($matches[3] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[3] } Version = if ($matches[4] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[4] } VersionStartIncluding = $MatchCriteria.versionStartIncluding VersionStartExcluding = $MatchCriteria.versionStartExcluding VersionEndIncluding = $MatchCriteria.versionEndIncluding VersionEndExcluding = $MatchCriteria.versionEndExcluding Update = if ($matches[5] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[5] } Edition = if ($matches[6] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[6] } Language = if ($matches[7] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[7] } SWEdition = if ($matches[8] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[8] } TargetSW = if ($matches[9] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[9] } TargetHW = if ($matches[10] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[10] } Other = if ($matches[11] -eq '*') { $null } else { $matches[11] } } } } else { Write-Warning "Invalid match criteria: $($MatchCriteria.criteria)" } } if ($CVSSData = @($CVE.metrics.cvssMetricV31).Where({ $_.type -eq 'Primary' })) { $CVSSv3Severity = $CVSSData.baseSeverity $CVSSv3Score = $CVSSData.baseScore } elseif ($CVSSData = @($CVE.metrics.cvssMetricV30).Where({ $_.type -eq 'Primary' })) { $CVSSv3Severity = $CVSSData.baseSeverity $CVSSv3Score = $CVSSData.baseScore } elseif ($CVSSData = @($CVE.metrics.cvssMetricV31).Where({ $_.type -eq 'Secondary' })) { $CVSSv3Severity = $CVSSData.baseSeverity $CVSSv3Score = $CVSSData.baseScore } elseif ($CVSSData = @($CVE.metrics.cvssMetricV30).Where({ $_.type -eq 'Secondary' })) { $CVSSv3Severity = $CVSSData.baseSeverity $CVSSv3Score = $CVSSData.baseScore } else { $CVSSv3Severity = $CVSSv3Score = $null } [PSCustomObject]@{ CVE = $CVE.id Published = $CVE.published LastModified = $CVE.lastModified CVSSv2Severity = @($CVE.metrics.cvssMetricV2).Where({ $_.type -eq 'Primary' }).baseSeverity CVSSv2Score = @($CVE.metrics.cvssMetricV2).Where({ $_.type -eq 'Primary' }).cvssData.baseScore CVSSv3Severity = $CVSSv3Severity CVSSv3Score = $CVSSv3Score Exploited = [bool]$CVE.cisaExploitAdd # Indicates whether the CVE has a known exploit listed on https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog Description = @($CVE.descriptions).Where({ $_.lang -eq 'en' }).value URL = "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/$($CVE.id)" References = $CVE.references.url AffectedProducts = $AffectedProducts } } # Increase the startIndex for the next request $Body.startIndex += $Body.resultsPerPage } until ($Body.startIndex -ge $Response.totalResults -or ($MaxResults -and $Body.startIndex -ge $MaxResults)) # Stop if the new startIndex is >= than either the totalResults of the specified MaxResults. } } if ($Output) { $Output } else { $ValidParams = @('ID','ProductType','Vendor','Product','KeyWord','KeyWordExact','Version','MinVersion','MinVersionType','MaxVersion','MaxVersionType','LastModifiedStartDate','LastModifiedEndDate','PublishStartDate','PublishEndDate') $SearchParams = $PSBoundParameters.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object Key -in $ValidParams | ForEach-Object { Write-Output "$($_.Key): $($_.Value)" } Write-Warning "No results found for $($SearchParams -join '; ')" } } |