PSRule.Rules.Azure

1.0.0

rules/Azure.VirtualNetwork.Rule.ps1

# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
# Licensed under the MIT License.

#
# Validation rules for virtual networking
#

#region Virtual Network

# Synopsis: Subnets should have NSGs assigned, except for the GatewaySubnet
Rule 'Azure.VNET.UseNSGs' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $subnet = @($TargetObject);
    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks') {
        # Get subnets
        $subnet = @($TargetObject.properties.subnets | Where-Object { $_.Name -notin 'GatewaySubnet', 'AzureFirewallSubnet' });
        if ($subnet.Length -eq 0) {
            return $Assert.Pass();
        }
    }
    elseif ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets' -and $PSRule.TargetName -in 'GatewaySubnet', 'AzureFirewallSubnet') {
        return $Assert.Pass();
    }
    foreach ($sn in $subnet) {
        $Assert.
            HasFieldValue($sn, 'properties.networkSecurityGroup.id').
            WithReason(($LocalizedData.SubnetNSGNotConfigured -f $sn.Name), $True);
    }
}

# TODO: Check that NSG on GatewaySubnet is not defined

# Synopsis: VNETs should have at least two DNS servers assigned
Rule 'Azure.VNET.SingleDNS' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # If DNS servers are customized, at least two IP addresses should be defined
    if ($Assert.NullOrEmpty($TargetObject, 'properties.dhcpOptions.dnsServers').Result) {
        $True;
    }
    else {
        $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'properties.dhcpOptions.dnsServers', 2);
    }
}

# Synopsis: VNETs should use Azure local DNS servers
Rule 'Azure.VNET.LocalDNS' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # If DNS servers are customized, check what range the IPs are in
    if ($Assert.NullOrEmpty($TargetObject, 'properties.dhcpOptions.dnsServers').Result) {
        $True;
    }
    else {
        # Primary DNS server must be within VNET address space or peered VNET
        $dnsServers = @($TargetObject.Properties.dhcpOptions.dnsServers)
        $primary = $dnsServers[0]
        $localRanges = @();
        $localRanges += $TargetObject.Properties.addressSpace.addressPrefixes
        if ($Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.virtualNetworkPeerings').Result) {
            $localRanges += $TargetObject.Properties.virtualNetworkPeerings.properties.remoteAddressSpace.addressPrefixes
        }

        # Determine if the primary is in range
        WithinCIDR -IP $primary -CIDR $localRanges
    }
}

# Synopsis: VNET peers should be connected
Rule 'Azure.VNET.PeerState' -If { (HasPeerNetwork) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $peers = @($TargetObject.Properties.virtualNetworkPeerings);
    foreach ($peer in $peers) {
        $Assert.HasFieldValue($peer, 'Properties.peeringState', 'Connected');
    }
}

# Synopsis: Use VNET naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.VNET.Name' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork

    # Between 2 and 64 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 2)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 64)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
    # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){1,63}$'
}

# Synopsis: Use subnets naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.VNET.SubnetName' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks', 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork
    if ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks') {
        $subnets = @($TargetObject.Properties.subnets)
        if ($subnets.Length -eq 0) {
            $Assert.Pass();
        }
        else {
            foreach ($subnet in $subnets) {
                # Between 1 and 80 characters long
                $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($subnet, 'Name', 1)
                $Assert.LessOrEqual($subnet, 'Name', 80)
    
                # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
                # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
                $subnet | Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
            }
        }
    }
    elseif ($PSRule.TargetType -eq 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets') {
        $nameParts = $PSRule.TargetName.Split('/');
        $name = $nameParts[-1];

        # Between 1 and 80 characters long
        $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($name, '.', 1)
        $Assert.LessOrEqual($name, '.', 80)

        # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
        # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
        $name | Match '.' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
    }
}

#endregion Virtual Network

#region Route tables

# Synopsis: Use route table naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.Route.Name' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/routeTables' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork

    # Between 1 and 80 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
    # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
}

#endregion Route tables

#region Network Security Group

# Synopsis: Network security groups should avoid any inbound rules
Rule 'Azure.NSG.AnyInboundSource' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $inboundRules = @(GetOrderedNSGRules -Direction Inbound);
    $rules = $inboundRules | Where-Object {
        $_.properties.access -eq 'Allow' -and
        $_.properties.sourceAddressPrefix -eq '*'
    }
    $Null -eq $rules;
}

# Synopsis: Avoid blocking all inbound network traffic
Rule 'Azure.NSG.DenyAllInbound' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Reason $LocalizedData.AllInboundRestricted;
    $inboundRules = @(GetOrderedNSGRules -Direction Inbound);
    $denyRules = @($inboundRules | Where-Object {
        $_.properties.access -eq 'Deny' -and
        $_.properties.sourceAddressPrefix -eq '*'
    })
    $Null -eq $denyRules -or $denyRules.Length -eq 0 -or $denyRules[0].name -ne $inboundRules[0].name
}

# Synopsis: Lateral traversal from application servers should be blocked
Rule 'Azure.NSG.LateralTraversal' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Reason $LocalizedData.LateralTraversalNotRestricted;
    $outboundRules = @(GetOrderedNSGRules -Direction Outbound);
    $rules = @($outboundRules | Where-Object {
        $_.properties.access -eq 'Deny' -and
        (
            $_.properties.destinationPortRange -eq '3389' -or
            $_.properties.destinationPortRange -eq '22' -or
            $_.properties.destinationPortRanges -contains '3389' -or
            $_.properties.destinationPortRanges -contains '22'
        )
    })
    $Null -ne $rules -and $rules.Length -gt 0
}

# Synopsis: Network security groups should be associated to either a subnet or network interface
Rule 'Azure.NSG.Associated' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups' -If { IsExport } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # NSG should be associated to either a subnet or network interface
    Reason $LocalizedData.ResourceNotAssociated
    $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.subnets').Result -or
        $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.networkInterfaces').Result
}

# Synopsis: Use network security group naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.NSG.Name' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork

    # Between 1 and 80 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
    # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
}

#endregion Network Security Group

#region Application Gateway

# Synopsis: Application Gateway should use a minimum of two instances
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.MinInstance' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    AnyOf {
        # Applies to v1 and v2 without autoscale
        $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.sku.capacity', 2);

        # Applies to v2 with autoscale
        $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Properties.autoscaleConfiguration.minCapacity', 2);
    }
}

# Synopsis: Application Gateway should use a minimum of Medium
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.MinSku' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Within 'Properties.sku.name' 'WAF_Medium', 'Standard_Medium', 'WAF_Large', 'Standard_Large', 'WAF_v2', 'Standard_v2'
}

# Synopsis: Internet accessible Application Gateways should use WAF
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.UseWAF' -If { (IsAppGwPublic) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Within 'Properties.sku.tier' 'WAF', 'WAF_v2'
}

# Synopsis: Application Gateway should only accept a minimum of TLS 1.2
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.SSLPolicy' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Exists 'Properties.sslPolicy'
    AnyOf {
        Within 'Properties.sslPolicy.policyName' 'AppGwSslPolicy20170401S'
        Within 'Properties.sslPolicy.minProtocolVersion' 'TLSv1_2'
    }
}

# Synopsis: Internet exposed Application Gateways should use prevention mode to protect backend resources
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.Prevention' -If { (IsAppGwPublic) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.webApplicationFirewallConfiguration.firewallMode', 'Prevention');
}

# Synopsis: Application Gateway WAF must be enabled to protect backend resources
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.WAFEnabled' -If { (IsAppGwPublic) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.webApplicationFirewallConfiguration.enabled', $True);
}

# Synopsis: Application Gateway WAF should use OWASP 3.0 rules
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.OWASP' -If { (IsAppGwWAF) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.webApplicationFirewallConfiguration.ruleSetType', 'OWASP');
    $Assert.Version($TargetObject, 'Properties.webApplicationFirewallConfiguration.ruleSetVersion', '^3.0');
}

# Synopsis: Application Gateway WAF should not disable rules
Rule 'Azure.AppGw.WAFRules' -If { (IsAppGwWAF) } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $disabledRules = @($TargetObject.Properties.webApplicationFirewallConfiguration.disabledRuleGroups)
    $disabledRules.Count -eq 0
}

#endregion Application Gateway

#region Load Balancer

# Synopsis: Use specific network probe
Rule 'Azure.LB.Probe' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $probes = $TargetObject.Properties.probes;
    foreach ($probe in $probes) {
        if ($probe.properties.port -in 80, 443, 8080) {
            if ($probe.properties.protocol -in 'Http', 'Https') {
                $Assert.Create(($probe.properties.requestPath -ne '/'), ($LocalizedData.RootHttpProbePath -f $probe.name, $probe.properties.requestPath))
            }
            else {
                $Assert.Create($False, ($LocalizedData.TcpHealthProbe -f $probe.name))
            }
        }
        else {
            $True;
        }
    }
}

# Synopsis: Use load balancer naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.LB.Name' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/loadBalancers' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork

    # Between 1 and 80 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
    # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
}

#endregion Load Balancer

#region Azure Firewall

# Synopsis: Threat intelligence denies high confidence malicious IP addresses and domains
Rule 'Azure.Firewall.Mode' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/azureFirewalls' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.threatIntelMode', 'Deny');
}

#endregion Azure Firewall

#region Virtual Network Gateway

# Synopsis: Migrate from legacy VPN gateway SKUs
Rule 'Azure.VNG.VPNLegacySKU' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworkGateways' -If { IsVPNGateway } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Within 'Properties.sku.name' -Not 'Basic', 'Standard', 'HighPerformance';
}

# Synopsis: Use Active-Active configuration
Rule 'Azure.VNG.VPNActiveActive' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworkGateways' -If { IsVPNGateway } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.activeActive', $True);
}

# Synopsis: Migrate from legacy ExpressRoute gateway SKUs
Rule 'Azure.VNG.ERLegacySKU' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworkGateways' -If { IsERGateway } -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    Within 'Properties.sku.name' -Not 'Basic';
}

# Synopsis: Use virtual network gateway naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.VNG.Name' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworkGateways' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork

    # Between 1 and 80 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
    # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
}

# Synopsis: Use virtual networks gateway connection naming requirements
Rule 'Azure.VNG.ConnectionName' -Type 'Microsoft.Network/connections' -Tag @{ release = 'GA'; ruleSet = '2020_06' } {
    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-resource-manager/management/resource-name-rules#microsoftnetwork

    # Between 1 and 80 characters long
    $Assert.GreaterOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 1)
    $Assert.LessOrEqual($TargetObject, 'Name', 80)

    # Alphanumerics, underscores, periods, and hyphens.
    # Start with alphanumeric. End alphanumeric or underscore.
    Match 'Name' '^[A-Za-z0-9]((-|\.)*\w){0,79}$'
}

#endregion Virtual Network Gateway

#region Helper functions

function global:IsVPNGateway {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Boolean])]
    param ()
    process {
        return $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.gatewayType', 'Vpn').Result;
    }
}

function global:IsERGateway {
    [CmdletBinding()]
    [OutputType([System.Boolean])]
    param ()
    process {
        return $Assert.HasFieldValue($TargetObject, 'Properties.gatewayType', 'ExpressRoute').Result;
    }
}

#endregion Helper functions