PSAD

0.0.5

PSAD.psm1

                                ## Pre-Loaded Module code ##

<#

 Put all code that must be run prior to function dot sourcing here.

 This is a good place for module variables as well. The only rule is that no

 variable should rely upon any of the functions in your module as they

 will not have been loaded yet. Also, this file cannot be completely

 empty. Even leaving this comment is good enough.

#>

# Several variables exposed and used with AD connections

[string]$CurrentServer = $null

[string]$CurrentBaseDN = $null

[string]$LastLDAPFilter = ''

$LastSearchSetting = New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{

    ComputerName = ''

    SearchRoot = ''

    SearchScope = ''

    Credential = ''

    Filter = ''

    Properties = ''

    SecurityMask = ''

    Tombstone = $false

    Limit = 0

}

$SearcherParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            SearchRoot = $searchRoot

            SearchScope = $SearchScope

            Credential = $Credential

            Filter = $FinalLDAPFilter

            Properties = $Properties

            SecurityMask = $SecurityMask

        }

[Management.Automation.PSCredential]$CurrentCredential = $null

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]$CurrentDomain = $null

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]$CurrentForest = $null

[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySchema]$CurrentSchema = $null

# The pagesize that will be used across any functions where pagesize is used

[int]$PageSize = 1000

##################

## Module Globals ##

##################

# A dictionary with basic information about attributes (read from schema). We populate this as needed.

$__ad_schema_info=@{}

$IsPS5 = ($PSVersionTable.PSVersion).Major -ge 5

if ($IsPS5) {

    Write-Verbose "Powershell version 5 detected, using builtin Flags instead of add-type definitions."

    [Flags()] enum userAccountControlFlags {

        SCRIPT = 0x0001

        ACCOUNTDISABLE = 0x0002

        HOMEDIR_REQUIRED = 0x0008

        LOCKOUT = 0x0010

        PASSWD_NOTREQD = 0x0020

        PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE = 0x0040

        ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED = 0x0080

        TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT = 0x0100

        NORMAL_ACCOUNT = 0x0200

        INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x0800

        WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x1000

        SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x2000

        DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD = 0x10000

        MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT = 0x20000

        SMARTCARD_REQUIRED = 0x40000

        TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION = 0x80000

        NOT_DELEGATED = 0x100000

        USE_DES_KEY_ONLY = 0x200000

        DONT_REQ_PREAUTH = 0x400000

        PASSWORD_EXPIRED = 0x800000

        TRUSTED_TO_AUTH_FOR_DELEGATION = 0x1000000

        PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT = 0x04000000

    }

    [Flags()] enum nTDSSiteConnectionSettingsFlags {

        IS_GENERATED = 1

        TWOWAY_SYNC = 2

        OVERRIDE_NOTIFY_DEFAULT = 4

        USE_NOTIFY = 8

        DISABLE_INTERSITE_COMPRESSION = 10

        OPT_USER_OWNED_SCHEDULE = 20

    }

    [Flags()] enum MSExchCurrentServerRolesFlags {

        NONE = 1

        MAILBOX = 2

        CLIENT_ACCESS = 4

        UM = 10

        HUB_TRANSPORT  = 20

        EDGE_TRANSPORT = 40

    }

    [Flags()] enum nTDSSiteSettingsFlags {

        IS_AUTO_TOPOLOGY_DISABLED = 1

        IS_TOPL_CLEANUP_DISABLED = 2

        IS_TOPL_MIN_HOPS_DISABLED = 4

        IS_TOPL_DETECT_STALE_DISABLED = 8

        IS_INTER_SITE_AUTO_TOPOLOGY_DISABLED = 10

        IS_GROUP_CACHING_ENABLED = 20

        FORCE_KCC_WHISTLER_BEHAVIOR = 40

        FORCE_KCC_W2K_ELECTION = 80

        IS_RAND_BH_SELECTION_DISABLED = 100

        IS_SCHEDULE_HASHING_ENABLED = 200

        IS_REDUNDANT_SERVER_TOPOLOGY_ENABLED = 400

    }

    [Flags()] enum MSTrustAttributeFlags {

        NON_TRANSITIVE = 1

        UPLEVEL_ONLY = 2

        QUARANTINED_DOMAIN = 4

        FOREST_TRANSITIVE = 8

        CROSS_ORGANIZATION = 10

        WITHIN_FOREST = 20

        TREAT_AS_EXTERNAL  = 40

        USES_RC4_ENCRYPTION = 80

    }

}

else {

    Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"

    [System.Flags]

    public enum userAccountControlFlags {

        SCRIPT = 0x0001,

        ACCOUNTDISABLE = 0x0002,

        HOMEDIR_REQUIRED = 0x0008,

        LOCKOUT = 0x0010,

        PASSWD_NOTREQD = 0x0020,

        PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE = 0x0040,

        ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED = 0x0080,

        TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT = 0x0100,

        NORMAL_ACCOUNT = 0x0200,

        INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x0800,

        WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x1000,

        SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT = 0x2000,

        DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD = 0x10000,

        MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT = 0x20000,

        SMARTCARD_REQUIRED = 0x40000,

        TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION = 0x80000,

        NOT_DELEGATED = 0x100000,

        USE_DES_KEY_ONLY = 0x200000,

        DONT_REQ_PREAUTH = 0x400000,

        PASSWORD_EXPIRED = 0x800000,

        TRUSTED_TO_AUTH_FOR_DELEGATION = 0x1000000,

        PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT = 0x04000000,

    }

"@

Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"

        [System.Flags]

        public enum nTDSSiteConnectionSettingsFlags {

            IS_GENERATED                  = 0x00000001,

            TWOWAY_SYNC                   = 0x00000002,

            OVERRIDE_NOTIFY_DEFAULT       = 0x00000004,

            USE_NOTIFY                    = 0x00000008,

            DISABLE_INTERSITE_COMPRESSION = 0x00000010,

            OPT_USER_OWNED_SCHEDULE       = 0x00000020

        }

        [System.Flags]

        public enum MSExchCurrentServerRolesFlags {

            NONE           = 0x00000001,

            MAILBOX        = 0x00000002,

            CLIENT_ACCESS  = 0x00000004,

            UM             = 0x00000010,

            HUB_TRANSPORT  = 0x00000020,

            EDGE_TRANSPORT = 0x00000040

        }

        [System.Flags]

        public enum nTDSSiteSettingsFlags {

            IS_AUTO_TOPOLOGY_DISABLED            = 0x00000001,

            IS_TOPL_CLEANUP_DISABLED             = 0x00000002,

            IS_TOPL_MIN_HOPS_DISABLED            = 0x00000004,

            IS_TOPL_DETECT_STALE_DISABLED        = 0x00000008,

            IS_INTER_SITE_AUTO_TOPOLOGY_DISABLED = 0x00000010,

            IS_GROUP_CACHING_ENABLED             = 0x00000020,

            FORCE_KCC_WHISTLER_BEHAVIOR          = 0x00000040,

            FORCE_KCC_W2K_ELECTION               = 0x00000080,

            IS_RAND_BH_SELECTION_DISABLED        = 0x00000100,

            IS_SCHEDULE_HASHING_ENABLED          = 0x00000200,

            IS_REDUNDANT_SERVER_TOPOLOGY_ENABLED = 0x00000400

        }

        [System.Flags]

        public enum MSTrustAttributeFlags {

            NON_TRANSITIVE      = 0x00000001,

            UPLEVEL_ONLY        = 0x00000002,

            QUARANTINED_DOMAIN  = 0x00000004,

            FOREST_TRANSITIVE   = 0x00000008,

            CROSS_ORGANIZATION  = 0x00000010,

            WITHIN_FOREST       = 0x00000020,

            TREAT_AS_EXTERNAL   = 0x00000040,

            USES_RC4_ENCRYPTION = 0x00000080

        }

"@

}

$UACAttribs = @(

    'SCRIPT',

    'ACCOUNTDISABLE',

    'HOMEDIR_REQUIRED',

    'LOCKOUT',

    'PASSWD_NOTREQD',

    'PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE',

    'ENCRYPTED_TEXT_PWD_ALLOWED',

    'TEMP_DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT',

    'NORMAL_ACCOUNT',

    'INTERDOMAIN_TRUST_ACCOUNT',

    'WORKSTATION_TRUST_ACCOUNT',

    'SERVER_TRUST_ACCOUNT',

    'DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWORD',

    'MNS_LOGON_ACCOUNT',

    'SMARTCARD_REQUIRED',

    'TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION',

    'NOT_DELEGATED',

    'USE_DES_KEY_ONLY',

    'DONT_REQ_PREAUTH',

    'PASSWORD_EXPIRED',

    'TRUSTED_TO_AUTH_FOR_DELEGATION',

    'PARTIAL_SECRETS_ACCOUNT'

)

# Hash of different GUIDs for gpo settings

$GPOGuidRef = @{

    '{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}' = 'Core GPO Engine'

    '{0ACDD40C-75AC-47AB-BAA0-BF6DE7E7FE63}' = 'Wireless Group Policy'

    '{0E28E245-9368-4853-AD84-6DA3BA35BB75}' = 'Group Policy Environment'

    '{0F3F3735-573D-9804-99E4-AB2A69BA5FD4}' = 'Computer Policy Setting'

    '{0F6B957D-509E-11D1-A7CC-0000F87571E3}' = 'Tool Extension GUID (Computer Policy Settings)'

    '{0F6B957E-509E-11D1-A7CC-0000F87571E3}' = 'Tool Extension GUID (User Policy Settings) Restrict Run'

    '{1612B55C-243C-48DD-A449-FFC097B19776}' = 'Data Sources'

    '{16BE69FA-4209-4250-88CB-716CF41954E0}' = 'Central Access Policy Configuration'

    '{17D89FEC-5C44-4972-B12D-241CAEF74509}' = 'Group Policy Local Users and Groups'

    '{1A6364EB-776B-4120-ADE1-B63A406A76B5}' = 'Group Policy Device Settings'

    '{1B767E9A-7BE4-4D35-85C1-2E174A7BA951}' = 'Devices'

    '{25537BA6-77A8-11D2-9B6C-0000F8080861}' = 'Folder Redirection'

    '{2A8FDC61-2347-4C87-92F6-B05EB91A201A}' = 'MitigationOptions'

    '{2EA1A81B-48E5-45E9-8BB7-A6E3AC170006}' = 'Drives'

    '{3060E8CE-7020-11D2-842D-00C04FA372D4}' = 'Remote Installation Services'

    '{346193F5-F2FD-4DBD-860C-B88843475FD3}' = 'ConfigMgr User State Management Extension'

    '{35141B6B-498A-4CC7-AD59-CEF93D89B2CE}' = 'Environment Variables'

    '{35378EAC-683F-11D2-A89A-00C04FBBCFA2}' = 'Registry Settings'

    '{3610EDA5-77EF-11D2-8DC5-00C04FA31A66}' = 'Microsoft Disk Quota'

    '{3A0DBA37-F8B2-4356-83DE-3E90BD5C261F}' = 'Group Policy Network Options'

    '{3BAE7E51-E3F4-41D0-853D-9BB9FD47605F}' = 'Files'

    '{3BFAE46A-7F3A-467B-8CEA-6AA34DC71F53}' = 'Folder Options'

    '{3EC4E9D3-714D-471F-88DC-4DD4471AAB47}' = 'Folders'

    '{40B6664F-4972-11D1-A7CA-0000F87571E3}' = 'Scripts (Startup/Shutdown)'

    '{40B66650-4972-11D1-A7CA-0000F87571E3}' = 'Scripts (Logon/Logoff) Run Restriction'

    '{426031C0-0B47-4852-B0CA-AC3D37BFCB39}' = 'QoS Packet Scheduler'

    '{42B5FAAE-6536-11D2-AE5A-0000F87571E3}' = 'Scripts'

    '{47BA4403-1AA0-47F6-BDC5-298F96D1C2E3}' = 'Print Policy in PolicyMaker'

    '{4BCD6CDE-777B-48B6-9804-43568E23545D}' = 'Remote Desktop USB Redirection'

    '{4CFB60C1-FAA6-47F1-89AA-0B18730C9FD3}' = 'Internet Explorer Zonemapping'

    '{4D2F9B6F-1E52-4711-A382-6A8B1A003DE6}' = 'RADCProcessGroupPolicyEx'

    '{4D968B55-CAC2-4FF5-983F-0A54603781A3}' = 'Work Folders'

    '{516FC620-5D34-4B08-8165-6A06B623EDEB}' = 'Ini Files'

    '{53D6AB1B-2488-11D1-A28C-00C04FB94F17}' = 'EFS Policy'

    '{53D6AB1D-2488-11D1-A28C-00C04FB94F17}' = 'Certificates Run Restriction'

    '{5794DAFD-BE60-433F-88A2-1A31939AC01F}' = 'Group Policy Drive Maps'

    '{5C935941-A954-4F7C-B507-885941ECE5C4}' = 'Internet Settings'

    '{6232C319-91AC-4931-9385-E70C2B099F0E}' = 'Group Policy Folders'

    '{6A4C88C6-C502-4F74-8F60-2CB23EDC24E2}' = 'Group Policy Network Shares'

    '{7150F9BF-48AD-4DA4-A49C-29EF4A8369BA}' = 'Group Policy Files'

    '{728EE579-943C-4519-9EF7-AB56765798ED}' = 'Group Policy Data Sources'

    '{74EE6C03-5363-4554-B161-627540339CAB}' = 'Group Policy Ini Files'

    '{7933F41E-56F8-41D6-A31C-4148A711EE93}' = 'Windows Search Group Policy Extension'

    '{79F92669-4224-476C-9C5C-6EFB4D87DF4A}' = 'Local users and groups'

    '{7B849A69-220F-451E-B3FE-2CB811AF94AE}' = 'Internet Explorer User Accelerators'

    '{803E14A0-B4FB-11D0-A0D0-00A0C90F574B}' = 'Computer Restricted Groups'

    '{827D319E-6EAC-11D2-A4EA-00C04F79F83A}' = 'Security'

    '{88E729D6-BDC1-11D1-BD2A-00C04FB9603F}' = 'Folder Redirection'

    '{8A28E2C5-8D06-49A4-A08C-632DAA493E17}' = 'Deployed Printer Configuration'

    '{91FBB303-0CD5-4055-BF42-E512A681B325}' = 'Group Policy Services'

    '{942A8E4F-A261-11D1-A760-00C04FB9603F}' = 'Software Installation (Computers)'

    '{949FB894-E883-42C6-88C1-29169720E8CA}' = 'Network Options'

    '{9AD2BAFE-63B4-4883-A08C-C3C6196BCAFD}' = 'Power Options'

    '{A2E30F80-D7DE-11D2-BBDE-00C04F86AE3B}' = 'Internet Explorer Branding'

    '{A3F3E39B-5D83-4940-B954-28315B82F0A8}' = 'Group Policy Folder Options'

    '{A8C42CEA-CDB8-4388-97F4-5831F933DA84}' = 'Printers'

    '{AADCED64-746C-4633-A97C-D61349046527}' = 'Group Policy Scheduled Tasks'

    '{B05566AC-FE9C-4368-BE01-7A4CBB6CBA11}' = 'Windows Firewall'

    '{B087BE9D-ED37-454F-AF9C-04291E351182}' = 'Group Policy Registry'

    '{B1BE8D72-6EAC-11D2-A4EA-00C04F79F83A}' = 'EFS Recovery'

    '{B587E2B1-4D59-4E7E-AED9-22B9DF11D053}' = '802.3 Group Policy'

    '{B9CCA4DE-E2B9-4CBD-BF7D-11B6EBFBDDF7}' = 'Regional Options'

    '{BA649533-0AAC-4E04-B9BC-4DBAE0325B12}' = 'Windows To Go Startup Options'

    '{BACF5C8A-A3C7-11D1-A760-00C04FB9603F}' = 'Software Installation (Users) Run Restriction'

    '{BC75B1ED-5833-4858-9BB8-CBF0B166DF9D}' = 'Group Policy Printers'

    '{BEE07A6A-EC9F-4659-B8C9-0B1937907C83}' = 'Registry'

    '{BFCBBEB0-9DF4-4C0C-A728-434EA66A0373}' = 'Network Shares'

    '{C34B2751-1CF4-44F5-9262-C3FC39666591}' = 'Windows To Go Hibernate Options'

    '{C418DD9D-0D14-4EFB-8FBF-CFE535C8FAC7}' = 'Group Policy Shortcuts'

    '{C631DF4C-088F-4156-B058-4375F0853CD8}' = 'Microsoft Offline Files'

    '{C6DC5466-785A-11D2-84D0-00C04FB169F7}' = 'Software Installation'

    '{CAB54552-DEEA-4691-817E-ED4A4D1AFC72}' = 'Scheduled Tasks'

    '{CC5746A9-9B74-4BE5-AE2E-64379C86E0E4}' = 'Services'

    '{CDEAFC3D-948D-49DD-AB12-E578BA4AF7AA}' = 'TCPIP'

    '{CEFFA6E2-E3BD-421B-852C-6F6A79A59BC1}' = 'Shortcuts'

    '{CF7639F3-ABA2-41DB-97F2-81E2C5DBFC5D}' = 'Internet Explorer Machine Accelerators'

    '{CF848D48-888D-4F45-B530-6A201E62A605}' = 'Start Menu'

    '{D02B1F72-3407-48AE-BA88-E8213C6761F1}' = 'Tool Extension GUID (Computer Policy Settings)'

    '{D02B1F73-3407-48AE-BA88-E8213C6761F1}' = 'Tool Extension GUID (User Policy Settings)'

    '{D76B9641-3288-4F75-942D-087DE603E3EA}' = 'AdmPwd (LAPS)'

    '{E437BC1C-AA7D-11D2-A382-00C04F991E27}' = 'IP Security'

    '{E47248BA-94CC-49C4-BBB5-9EB7F05183D0}' = 'Group Policy Internet Settings'

    '{E4F48E54-F38D-4884-BFB9-D4D2E5729C18}' = 'Group Policy Start Menu Settings'

    '{E5094040-C46C-4115-B030-04FB2E545B00}' = 'Group Policy Regional Options'

    '{E62688F0-25FD-4C90-BFF5-F508B9D2E31F}' = 'Group Policy Power Options'

    '{F0DB2806-FD46-45B7-81BD-AA3744B32765}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{F17E8B5B-78F2-49A6-8933-7B767EDA5B41}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{F27A6DA8-D22B-4179-A042-3D715F9E75B5}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{F312195E-3D9D-447A-A3F5-08DFFA24735E}' = 'ProcessVirtualizationBasedSecurityGroupPolicy'

    '{F3CCC681-B74C-4060-9F26-CD84525DCA2A}' = 'Audit Policy Configuration'

    '{F581DAE7-8064-444A-AEB3-1875662A61CE}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{F648C781-42C9-4ED4-BB24-AEB8853701D0}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{F6E72D5A-6ED3-43D9-9710-4440455F6934}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{F9C77450-3A41-477E-9310-9ACD617BD9E3}' = 'Group Policy Applications'

    '{FB2CA36D-0B40-4307-821B-A13B252DE56C}' = 'Policy-based QoS'

    '{FBF687E6-F063-4D9F-9F4F-FD9A26ACDD5F}' = 'Connectivity Platform'

    '{FC491EF1-C4AA-4CE1-B329-414B101DB823}' = 'ProcessConfigCIPolicyGroupPolicy'

    '{FC715823-C5FB-11D1-9EEF-00A0C90347FF}' = 'Internet Explorer Maintenance Extension protocol'

    '{FD2D917B-6519-4BF7-8403-456C0C64312F}' = 'Policy Maker'

    '{FFC64763-70D2-45BC-8DEE-7ACAF1BA7F89}' = 'Policy Maker'

}

$SchemaVersionTable = @{

    '13' = 'Windows 2000'

    '30' = 'Windows 2003'

    '31' = 'Windows 2003 R2'

    '39' = 'Windows 2008 BETA'

    '44' = 'Windows 2008'

    '47' = 'Windows 2008 R2'

    '51' = 'Windows Server 8 Developer Preview'

    '52' = 'Windows Server 8 BETA'

    '56' = 'Windows Server 2012'

    '69' = 'Windows Server 2012 R2'

    '81' = 'Windows Server 2016 Technical Preview'

    '4397' = 'Exchange 2000 RTM'

    '4406' = 'Exchange 2000 SP3'

    '6870' = 'Exchange 2003 RTM'

    '6936' = 'Exchange 2003 SP3'

    '10637' = 'Exchange 2007 RTM'

    '11116' = 'Exchange 2007 RTM'

    '14622' = 'Exchange 2007 SP2 & Exchange 2010 RTM'

    '14625' = 'Exchange 2007 SP3'

    '14726' = 'Exchange 2010 SP1'

    '14732' = 'Exchange 2010 SP2'

    '14734' = 'Exchange 2010 SP3'

    '15137' = 'Exchange 2013 RTM'

    '15254' = 'Exchange 2013 CU1'

    '15281' = 'Exchange 2013 CU2'

    '15283' = 'Exchange 2013 CU3'

    '15292' = 'Exchange 2013 SP1/CU4'

    '15300' = 'Exchange 2013 CU5'

    '15303' = 'Exchange 2013 CU6'

    '15312' = 'Exchange 2013 CU7/CU8/CU9'

    '15317' = 'Exchange 2016 Preview'

    '1006' = 'Live Communications Server 2005'

    '1007' = 'Office Communications Server 2007 R1'

    '1008' = 'Office Communications Server 2007 R2'

    '1100' = 'Lync Server 2010'

    '1150' = 'Lync Server 2013'

    '4.00.5135.0000'='SCCM 2007 Beta 1'

    '4.00.5931.0000'='SCCM 2007 RTM'

    '4.00.6221.1000'='SCCM 2007 SP1/R2'

    '4.00.6221.1193'='SCCM 2007 SP1 (KB977203)'

    '4.00.6487.2000'='SCCM 2007 SP2'

    '4.00.6487.2111'='SCCM 2007 SP2 (KB977203)'

    '4.00.6487.2157'='SCCM 2007 R3'

    '4.00.6487.2207'='SCCM 2007 SP2 (KB2750782)'

    '5.00.7561.0000'='SCCM 2012 Beta 2'

    '5.00.7678.0000'='SCCM 2012 RC1'

    '5.00.7703.0000'='SCCM 2012 RC2'

    '5.00.7711.0000'='SCCM 2012 RTM'

    '5.00.7711.0200'='SCCM 2012 CU1'

    '5.00.7711.0301'='SCCM 2012 CU2'

    '5.00.7782.1000'='SCCM 2012 SP1 Beta'

    '5.00.7804.1000'='SCCM 2012 SP1'

    '5.00.7804.1202'='SCCM 2012 SP1 CU1'

    '5.00.7804.1300'='SCCM 2012 SP1 CU2'

    '5.00.7804.1400'='SCCM 2012 SP1 CU3'

    '5.00.7804.1500'='SCCM 2012 SP1 CU4'

    '5.00.7958.1000'='SCCM 2012 R2'

}

# AD DC capabilities list (http://www.ldapexplorer.com/en/manual/103010700-connection-rootdse.htm)

# - Primarily used to determine if a DC is RODC or not (Const LDAP_CAP_ACTIVE_DIRECTORY_PARTIAL_SECRETS_OID = "1.2.840.113556.1.4.1920")

$AD_Capabilities = @{

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.319' = 'Paged results'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.417' = 'Show deleted objects'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.473' = 'Sort results'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.474' = 'Sort results response'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.521' = 'Cross domain move'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.528' = 'Server notification'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.529' = 'Extended DN'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.619' = 'Lazy commit'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.800' = 'Active Directory >= Windows 2000'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.801' = 'SD flags'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.805' = 'Tree delete'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.906' = 'Microsoft large integer'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1302' = 'Microsoft OID used with DEN Attributes'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1338' = 'Verify name'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1339' = 'Domain scope'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1340' = 'Search options'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1341' = 'RODC DCPROMO'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1413' = 'Permissive Modify'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1670' = 'Active Directory (v5.1)>= Windows 2003'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1781' = 'Microsoft LDAP fast bind extended request'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1791' = 'NTLM Signing and Sealing'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1851' = 'ADAM / AD LDS Supported'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1852' = 'Quota Control'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1880' = 'ADAM Digest'

   # '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1852' = 'Shutdown Notify'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1920' = 'Partial Secrets'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1935' = 'Active Directory (v6.0) >= Windows 2008'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1947' = 'Force Update'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.1948' = 'Range Retrieval No Error'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.2026' = 'Input DN'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.2064' = 'Show Recycled'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.2065' = 'Show Deactivated Link'

    '1.2.840.113556.1.4.2080' = 'Active Directory (v6.1) >= Windows 2008 R2'

}

$Attrib_User_MSExchangeVersion = @{

    # $null = Exchange 2003 and earlier

    '4535486012416' = '2007'

    '44220983382016' = '2010'

}

## PRIVATE MODULE FUNCTIONS AND DATA ##

function ConvertTo-SecurityIdentifier

{

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Converts a string or byte array security identifier into a `System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier` object.

    .PARAMETER SID

    The SID to convert to a `System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier`. Accepts a SID in SDDL form as a `string`, a `System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier` object, or a SID in binary form as an array of bytes.

    .DESCRIPTION

    Converts a SID in SDDL form (as a string), in binary form (as a byte array) into a System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier object. It also accepts System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier objects, and returns them back to you.

    If the string or byte array don't represent a SID, an error is written and nothing is returned.

    .EXAMPLE

    ConvertTo-SecurityIdentifier -SID 'S-1-5-21-2678556459-1010642102-471947008-1017'

    Demonstrates how to convert a a SID in SDDL into a `System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier` object.

    .EXAMPLE

    ConvertTo-SecurityIdentifier -SID (New-Object 'Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier' 'S-1-5-21-2678556459-1010642102-471947008-1017')

    Demonstrates that you can pass a `SecurityIdentifier` object as the value of the SID parameter. The SID you passed in will be returned to you unchanged.

    .EXAMPLE

    ConvertTo-SecurityIdentifier -SID $sidBytes

    Demonstrates that you can use a byte array that represents a SID as the value of the `SID` parameter.

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]

        $SID

    )

    Use-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -Session $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    try

    {

        if( $SID -is [string] )

        {

            New-Object 'Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier' $SID

        }

        elseif( $SID -is [byte[]] )

        {

            New-Object 'Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier' $SID,0

        }

        elseif( $SID -is [Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] )

        {

            $SID

        }

        else

        {

            Write-Error ('Invalid SID. The `SID` parameter accepts a `System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier` object, a SID in SDDL form as a `string`, or a SID in binary form as byte array. You passed a ''{0}''.' -f $SID.GetType())

            return

        }

    }

    catch

    {

        Write-Error ('Exception converting SID parameter to a `SecurityIdentifier` object. This usually means you passed an invalid SID in SDDL form (as a string) or an invalid SID in binary form (as a byte array): {0}' -f $_.Exception.Message)

        return

    }

}

Function Get-ADPathName

{

    # Get-ADPathname

    # Written by Bill Stewart (bstewart@iname.com)

    # PowerShell wrapper script for the Pathname COM object.

    #requires -version 2

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Outputs Active Directory path names in various formats.

    .DESCRIPTION

    Outputs Active Directory (AD) path names in various formats using the Pathname COM object. The Pathname COM object implements the ADSI IADSPathname interface (see RELATED LINKS). This is a more robust means of handling AD path names than string parsing because it supports escaping of special characters.

    .PARAMETER Path

    Specifies the AD path. For example: "CN=Ken Dyer,DC=fabrikam,DC=com". If using the Full type (see -Full parameter), include the server and/or provider; for example: "LDAP://CN=Ken Dyer,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" or "LDAP://server/CN=Key Dyer,DC=fabrikam,DC=com".

    .PARAMETER Type

    Specifies the type of the AD path. This parameter must be one of the following values: "DN" or "Full". If you specify "Full", include the provider and/or server. The default value for this parameter is "DN".

    .PARAMETER Format

    Specifies the format in which to output the AD path. This parameter must be one of the following values: "Windows", "WindowsNoServer", "WindowsDN", "WindowsParent", "X500", "X500NoServer", "X500DN", "X500Parent", "Server", "Provider", or "Leaf". The default value for this parameter is "X500DN" (i.e., the distinguished name of the user, without provider or server names). This parameter's values correspond to the ADS_FORMAT_ENUM enumeration's values (see RELATED LINKS for more information and examples).

    .PARAMETER Retrieve

    Outputs the AD path using the format specified by the -Format parameter. This parameter is optional.

    .PARAMETER AddLeafElement

    Adds the specified leaf element(s) to the AD path and outputs the new AD path(s) using the format specified by the -Format parameter.

    .PARAMETER RemoveLeafElement

    Removes the final leaf element from the AD path and outputs the new AD path(s) using the format specified by the -Format parameter.

    .PARAMETER GetElement

    Outputs the specified element from the AD path. The left-most element is numbered 0 (zero), the second is numbered 1 (one), and so forth.

    .PARAMETER GetNumElements

    Outputs the number of elements in the AD path.

    .PARAMETER Split

    Outputs a list of the elements in the AD path.

    .PARAMETER GetEscapedElement

    Outputs one or more AD name element(s) with escape ("\") characters inserted in the correct places.

    .PARAMETER EscapedMode

    Specifies how escape characters are displayed in the AD path. This parameter must be one of the following values: "Default", "On", "Off", or "OffEx". The default value for this parameter is "Default".

    .PARAMETER ValuesOnly

    Specifies how elements in a path are output. If this parameter is absent, path elements are output using both attributes and values (e.g., "CN=Ken Dyer"). If this parameter is present, path elements are output with values only (e.g., "Ken Dyer").

    .INPUTS

    Inputs are AD path strings.

    .OUTPUTS

    Outputs are AD path strings.

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "LDAP://CN=Ken Dyer,CN=Users,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -Type Full -Retrieve -Format X500DN

    Outputs "CN=Ken Dyer,CN=Users,DC=fabrikam,DC=com". The -Type parameter indicates that the AD path contains a provider (LDAP), and -Retrieve retrieves the path without the provider. The -Retrieve and -Format parameters are optional.

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "CN=Ken Dyer,CN=Users,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -RemoveLeafElement

    This command removes the last element from the AD path ("CN=Ken Dyer") and outputs "CN=Users,DC=fabrikam,DC=com".

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "CN=Jeff Smith,CN=H/R,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -EscapedMode On

    This command escapes the needed characters in the AD path and outputs "CN=Jeff Smith,CN=H\/R,DC=fabrikam,DC=com".

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "CN=H/R,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -AddLeafElement "CN=Jeff Smith"

    This command adds the leaf element to the AD path and outputs "CN=Jeff Smith,CN=H/R,DC=fabrikam,DC=com".

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "CN=Jeff Smith,CN=H/R,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -RemoveLeafElement

    This command removes the last element from the AD path ("CN=Jeff Smith") and outputs "CN=H/R,DC=fabrikam,DC=com".

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "CN=Ken Dyer,CN=Users,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -Split

    This command splits the AD path and outputs a list of the elements: "CN=Ken Dyer", "CN=Users", "DC=fabrikam", and "DC=com".

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-Content ADPaths.txt | Get-ADPathname -EscapedMode On

    This command outputs all of the AD paths listed in the file ADPaths.txt with the needed escape characters.

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname "CN=Users,DC=fabrikam,DC=com" -GetElement 0 -ValuesOnly

    This command gets the left-most element from the path and outputs "Users". Without the -ValuesOnly parameter, this command will output "CN=Users".

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-ADPathname -GetEscapedElement "OU=H/R"

    This command inserts the needed escape characters and outputs "OU=H\/R".

    .LINK

    ADSI IADSPathname Interface - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa706070.aspx

    ADS_FORMAT_ENUM Enumeration - http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa772261.aspx

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="Retrieve")]

    param(

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Retrieve",Position=0,ValueFromPipeline=$TRUE)]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="AddLeafElement",Position=0,Mandatory=$TRUE)]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="RemoveLeafElement",Position=0,Mandatory=$TRUE)]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetElement",Position=0,Mandatory=$TRUE)]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetNumElements",Position=0,Mandatory=$TRUE)]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Split",Position=0,Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [String[]]

        $Path,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Retrieve")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="AddLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="RemoveLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetNumElements")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Split")]

        [String] [ValidateSet("DN","Full")]

        $Type,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Retrieve")]

        [Switch]

        $Retrieve,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="AddLeafElement",Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [String[]]

        $AddLeafElement,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetElement",Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [UInt32]

        $GetElement,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="RemoveLeafElement",Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [Switch]

        $RemoveLeafElement,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetNumElements",Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [Switch]

        $GetNumElements,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Split",Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [Switch]

        $Split,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Retrieve")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="AddLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="RemoveLeafElement")]

        [String] [ValidateSet("Windows","WindowsNoServer","WindowsDN","WindowsParent","X500","X500NoServer","X500DN","X500Parent","Server","Provider","Leaf")]

        $Format,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Retrieve")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="AddLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="RemoveLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Split")]

        [String] [ValidateSet("Default","On","Off","OffEx")]

        $EscapedMode,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Retrieve")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="AddLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="RemoveLeafElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetElement")]

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="Split")]

        [Switch]

        $ValuesOnly,

      [parameter(ParameterSetName="GetEscapedElement",Mandatory=$TRUE)]

        [String[]]

        $GetEscapedElement

    )

    begin {

      $ParamSetName = $PSCMDLET.ParameterSetName

      # Determine if we're using pipeline input.

      $PipelineInput = $FALSE

      if ( $ParamSetName -eq "Retrieve" ) {

        $PipelineInput = -not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey("Path")

      }

      # These hash tables improve code readability.

      $InputTypes = @{

        "Full" = 1

        "DN"   = 4

      }

      $OutputFormats = @{

        "Windows"         = 1 

        "WindowsNoServer" = 2 

        "WindowsDN"       = 3 

        "WindowsParent"   = 4 

        "X500"            = 5 

        "X500NoServer"    = 6 

        "X500DN"          = 7 

        "X500Parent"      = 8 

        "Server"          = 9 

        "Provider"        = 10

        "Leaf"            = 11

      }

      $EscapedModes = @{

        "Default" = 1

        "On"      = 2

        "Off"     = 3

        "OffEx"   = 4

      }

      $DisplayTypes = @{

        "Full"       = 1

        "ValuesOnly" = 2

      }

      # Invokes a method on a COM object that lacks a type library. If the COM

      # object uses more than one parameter, specify an array as the $parameters

      # parameter. The $outputType parameter coerces the function's output to the

      # specified type (default is [String]).

      function Invoke-Method {

        param(

          [__ComObject] $object,

          [String] $method,

          $parameters,

          [System.Type] $outputType = "String"

        )

        $output = $object.GetType().InvokeMember($method, "InvokeMethod", $NULL, $object, $parameters)

        if ( $output ) { $output -as $outputType }

      }

      # Sets a property on a COM object that lacks a type library.

      function Set-Property {

        param(

          [__ComObject] $object,

          [String] $property,

          $parameters

        )

        [Void] $object.GetType().InvokeMember($property, "SetProperty", $NULL, $object, $parameters)

      }

      # Creates the Pathname COM object. It lacks a type library so we use the

      # above Invoke-Method and Set-Property functions to interact with it.

      $Pathname = new-object -comobject "Pathname"

      # Set defaults for -Type and -Format. Use separate variables in case of

      # pipeline input.

      if ( $Type ) { $InputType = $Type } else { $InputType = "DN" }

      if ( $Format ) { $OutputFormat = $Format } else { $OutputFormat = "X500DN" }

      # Enable escaped mode if requested.

      if ( $EscapedMode ) {

        Set-Property $Pathname "EscapedMode" $EscapedModes[$EscapedMode]

      }

      # Output values only if requested.

      if ( $ValuesOnly ) {

        Invoke-Method $Pathname "SetDisplayType" $DisplayTypes["ValuesOnly"]

      }

      # -Retrieve parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-Retrieve {

        param(

          [String] $path,

          [Int] $inputType,

          [Int] $outputFormat

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Set" ($path,$inputType)

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Retrieve" $outputFormat

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

      # -AddLeafElement parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-AddLeafElement {

        param(

          [String] $path,

          [Int] $inputType,

          [String] $element,

          [Int] $outputFormat

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Set" ($path,$inputType)

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "AddLeafElement" $element

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Retrieve" $outputFormat

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

      # -RemoveLeafElement parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-RemoveLeafElement {

        param(

          [String] $path,

          [Int] $inputType,

          [Int] $outputFormat

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Set" ($path,$inputType)

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "RemoveLeafElement"

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Retrieve" $outputFormat

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

      # -GetElement parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-GetElement {

        param(

          [String] $path,

          [Int] $inputType,

          [Int] $elementIndex

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Set" ($path,$inputType)

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "GetElement" $elementIndex

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

      # -GetNumElements parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-GetNumElements {

        param(

          [String] $path,

          [Int] $inputType

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Set" ($path,$inputType)

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "GetNumElements" -outputtype "UInt32"

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

      # -Split parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-Split {

        param(

          [String] $path,

          [Int] $inputType

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "Set" ($path,$inputType)

          $numElements = Invoke-Method $Pathname "GetNumElements" -outputtype "UInt32"

          for ( $i = 0; $i -lt $numElements; $i++ ) {

            Invoke-Method $Pathname "GetElement" $i

          }

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

      # -GetEscapedElement parameter

      function Get-ADPathname-GetEscapedElement {

        param(

          [String] $element

        )

        try {

          Invoke-Method $Pathname "GetEscapedElement" (0,$element)

        }

        catch [System.Management.Automation.MethodInvocationException] {

          write-error -exception $_.Exception.InnerException

        }

      }

    }

    process {

      # The process block uses 'if'/'elseif' instead of 'switch' because 'switch'

      # replaces '$_', and we need '$_' in case of pipeline input.

      # "Retrieve" is the only parameter set that that accepts pipeline input.

      if ( $ParamSetName -eq "Retrieve" ) {

        if ( $PipelineInput ) {

          if ( $_ ) {

            Get-ADPathname-Retrieve $_ $InputTypes[$InputType] $OutputFormats[$OutputFormat]

          }

          else {

            write-error "You must provide pipeline input or specify the -Path parameter." -category SyntaxError

          }

        }

        else {

          $Path | foreach-object {

            Get-ADPathname-Retrieve $_ $InputTypes[$InputType] $OutputFormats[$OutputFormat]

          }

        }

      }

      elseif ( $ParamSetName -eq "AddLeafElement" ) {

        $AddLeafElement | foreach-object {

          Get-ADPathname-AddLeafElement $Path[0] $InputTypes[$InputType] $_ $OutputFormats[$OutputFormat]

        }

      }

      elseif ( $ParamSetName -eq "RemoveLeafElement" ) {

        $Path | foreach-object {

          Get-ADPathname-RemoveLeafElement $_ $InputTypes[$InputType] $OutputFormats[$OutputFormat]

        }

      }

      elseif ( $ParamSetName -eq "GetElement" ) {

        $Path | foreach-object {

          Get-ADPathname-GetElement $_ $InputTypes[$InputType] $GetElement

        }

      }

      elseif ( $ParamSetName -eq "GetNumElements" ) {

        $Path | foreach-object {

          Get-ADPathname-GetNumElements $_ $InputTypes[$InputType]

        }

      }

      elseif ( $ParamSetName -eq "Split" ) {

        Get-ADPathname-Split $Path[0] $InputTypes[$InputType]

      }

      elseif ( $ParamSetName -eq "GetEscapedElement" ) {

        $GetEscapedElement | foreach-object {

          Get-ADPathname-GetEscapedElement $_

        }

      }

    }

}

function Get-CallerPreference {

    <#

    .Synopsis

       Fetches "Preference" variable values from the caller's scope.

    .DESCRIPTION

       Script module functions do not automatically inherit their caller's variables, but they can be

       obtained through the $PSCmdlet variable in Advanced Functions.  This function is a helper function

       for any script module Advanced Function; by passing in the values of $ExecutionContext.SessionState

       and $PSCmdlet, Get-CallerPreference will set the caller's preference variables locally.

    .PARAMETER Cmdlet

       The $PSCmdlet object from a script module Advanced Function.

    .PARAMETER SessionState

       The $ExecutionContext.SessionState object from a script module Advanced Function.  This is how the

       Get-CallerPreference function sets variables in its callers' scope, even if that caller is in a different

       script module.

    .PARAMETER Name

       Optional array of parameter names to retrieve from the caller's scope.  Default is to retrieve all

       Preference variables as defined in the about_Preference_Variables help file (as of PowerShell 4.0)

       This parameter may also specify names of variables that are not in the about_Preference_Variables

       help file, and the function will retrieve and set those as well.

    .EXAMPLE

       Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

       Imports the default PowerShell preference variables from the caller into the local scope.

    .EXAMPLE

       Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState -Name 'ErrorActionPreference','SomeOtherVariable'

       Imports only the ErrorActionPreference and SomeOtherVariable variables into the local scope.

    .EXAMPLE

       'ErrorActionPreference','SomeOtherVariable' | Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

       Same as Example 2, but sends variable names to the Name parameter via pipeline input.

    .INPUTS

       String

    .OUTPUTS

       None.  This function does not produce pipeline output.

    .LINK

       about_Preference_Variables

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'AllVariables')]

    param (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]

        [ValidateScript({ $_.GetType().FullName -eq 'System.Management.Automation.PSScriptCmdlet' })]

        $Cmdlet,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]

        [System.Management.Automation.SessionState]$SessionState,

        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'Filtered', ValueFromPipeline = $true)]

        [string[]]$Name

    )

    begin {

        $filterHash = @{}

    }

    process {

        if ($null -ne $Name)

        {

            foreach ($string in $Name)

            {

                $filterHash[$string] = $true

            }

        }

    }

    end {

        # List of preference variables taken from the about_Preference_Variables help file in PowerShell version 4.0

        $vars = @{

            'ErrorView' = $null

            'FormatEnumerationLimit' = $null

            'LogCommandHealthEvent' = $null

            'LogCommandLifecycleEvent' = $null

            'LogEngineHealthEvent' = $null

            'LogEngineLifecycleEvent' = $null

            'LogProviderHealthEvent' = $null

            'LogProviderLifecycleEvent' = $null

            'MaximumAliasCount' = $null

            'MaximumDriveCount' = $null

            'MaximumErrorCount' = $null

            'MaximumFunctionCount' = $null

            'MaximumHistoryCount' = $null

            'MaximumVariableCount' = $null

            'OFS' = $null

            'OutputEncoding' = $null

            'ProgressPreference' = $null

            'PSDefaultParameterValues' = $null

            'PSEmailServer' = $null

            'PSModuleAutoLoadingPreference' = $null

            'PSSessionApplicationName' = $null

            'PSSessionConfigurationName' = $null

            'PSSessionOption' = $null

            'ErrorActionPreference' = 'ErrorAction'

            'DebugPreference' = 'Debug'

            'ConfirmPreference' = 'Confirm'

            'WhatIfPreference' = 'WhatIf'

            'VerbosePreference' = 'Verbose'

            'WarningPreference' = 'WarningAction'

        }

        foreach ($entry in $vars.GetEnumerator()) {

            if (([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($entry.Value) -or -not $Cmdlet.MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey($entry.Value)) -and

                ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'AllVariables' -or $filterHash.ContainsKey($entry.Name))) {

                $variable = $Cmdlet.SessionState.PSVariable.Get($entry.Key)

                if ($null -ne $variable) {

                    if ($SessionState -eq $ExecutionContext.SessionState) {

                        Set-Variable -Scope 1 -Name $variable.Name -Value $variable.Value -Force -Confirm:$false -WhatIf:$false

                    }

                    else {

                        $SessionState.PSVariable.Set($variable.Name, $variable.Value)

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        if ($PSCmdlet.ParameterSetName -eq 'Filtered') {

            foreach ($varName in $filterHash.Keys) {

                if (-not $vars.ContainsKey($varName)) {

                    $variable = $Cmdlet.SessionState.PSVariable.Get($varName)

                    if ($null -ne $variable)

                    {

                        if ($SessionState -eq $ExecutionContext.SessionState)

                        {

                            Set-Variable -Scope 1 -Name $variable.Name -Value $variable.Value -Force -Confirm:$false -WhatIf:$false

                        }

                        else

                        {

                            $SessionState.PSVariable.Set($variable.Name, $variable.Value)

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

Function Get-CombinedLDAPFilter {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    A helper function for combining LDAP filters.

    .DESCRIPTION

    A helper function for combining LDAP filters.

    .PARAMETER Filter

    LDAP filters to combine.

    .PARAMETER Conditional

    AD object to search for.

    .EXAMPLE

    NA

    .NOTES

    Author: Zachary Loeber

    .LINK

    https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (

        [Parameter( Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline = $True )]

        [String[]]$Filter,

        [Parameter( Position = 1 )]

        [String]$Conditional = '&'

    )

    begin {

        # Function initialization

        if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

            Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        }

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        $Filters = @()

    }

    process {

        $Filters += $Filter

    }

    end {

        $Filters = $Filters | Where-Object {-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($_)} | Select-Object -Unique

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): All passed filters = $($Filters -join ', ')"

        switch ($Filters.Count) {

            0 {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): No filters passed, returning nothing."

                $FinalFilter = $null

            }

            1 {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): One filter passed, NOT using conditional."

                $FinalFilter = "($Filters)"

            }

            Default {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Multiple filters passed, using conditional ($Conditional)."

                $FinalFilter = "($Conditional({0}))" -f ($Filters -join ')(')

            }

        }

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Final combined filter = $FinalFilter"

        $FinalFilter

    }

}

Function Get-CommonIDLDAPFilter {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    A helper function for creating an LDAP filter for an AD object based on identity.

    .DESCRIPTION

    A helper function for creating an LDAP filter for an AD object based on identity.

    .PARAMETER Identity

    AD object to search for.

    .PARAMETER Filter

    LDAP filter for searches.

    .EXAMPLE

    NA

    .NOTES

    Author: Zachary Loeber

    .LINK

    https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (

        [String]$Identity,

        [String[]]$Filter

    )

    # Function initialization

    if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    }

    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Identity)) {

        # If no identity is passed and no filter is passed then use a generic filter

        if ($Filter.Count -eq 0) {

            $Filter = @('distinguishedName=*')

        }

    }

    else {

        # Otherwise use OR logic with some fuzzy matching for the ID

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Identity passed ($ObjID), any existing filters will be ignored."

        $ObjID = Format-DSSearchFilterValue -SearchString $Identity

        # Do this to capture regular accounts as well as computer accounts (include a $ at the end)

        $SAMNameFilter = @("samaccountname=$ObjID","samaccountname=$ObjID$")

        $Filter = @("distinguishedName=$ObjID","objectGUID=$ObjID") + (Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $SAMNameFilter -Conditional '|')

    }

    Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $Filter -Conditional '|'

}

function Get-CommonParameters {

    # Helper function to get all the automatically added parameters in an

    # advanced function

    function somefunct {

        [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess = $true, SupportsPaging = $true, SupportsTransactions = $true)]

        param()

    }

    ((Get-Command somefunct).Parameters).Keys

}

function Get-CommonSearcherParams {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Constuct parameters for the most common searches.

    .DESCRIPTION

    Constuct search parameters from the most common PSAD parameters. This creates a hashtable

    suitable for get-dsdirectorysearcher.

    .PARAMETER Identity

    AD object to search for.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName

    Domain controller to use for this search.

    .PARAMETER Credential

    Credentials to use for connection to AD.

    .PARAMETER Limit

    Limits items retrieved. If set to 0 then there is no limit.

    .PARAMETER PageSize

    Items returned per page.

    .PARAMETER SearchRoot

    Root of search.

    .PARAMETER Filter

    User passed LDAP filter for searches.

    .PARAMETER BaseFilter

    Other LDAP filters for specific searches (like user or computer)

    .PARAMETER Properties

    Properties to include in output.

    .PARAMETER SearchScope

    Scope of a search as either a base, one-level, or subtree search, default is subtree.

    .PARAMETER SecurityMask

    Specifies the available options for examining security information of a directory object.

    .PARAMETER TombStone

    Whether the search should also return deleted objects that match the search filter.

    .PARAMETER Raw

    Skip attempts to convert known property types.

    .PARAMETER IncludeAllProperties

    Include all properties for an object.

    .PARAMETER IncludeNullProperties

    Include unset (null) properties as defined in the schema (with or without values). This overrides the Properties parameter and can be extremely verbose.

    .PARAMETER ModifiedAfter

    Account was modified after this time

    .PARAMETER ModifiedBefore

    Account was modified before this time

    .PARAMETER CreatedAfter

    Account was created after this time

    .PARAMETER CreatedBefore

    Account was created before this time

    .PARAMETER ChangeLogicOrder

    Alter LDAP filter logic to use OR instead of AND

    .PARAMETER DontJoinAttributeValues

    Output will automatically join the attributes unless this switch is set.

    .PARAMETER ExpandUAC

    Expands the UAC attribute into readable format.

    .PARAMETER Raw

    Skip attempts to convert known property types.

    .EXAMPLE

    NA

    .NOTES

    Author: Zachary Loeber

    .LINK

    https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([Hashtable])]

    param(

        [Parameter( Position = 0 )]

        [Alias('User', 'Name', 'sAMAccountName', 'distinguishedName')]

        [string]$Identity,

        [Parameter( Position = 1 )]

        [Alias('Server', 'ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter( Position = 2 )]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('SizeLimit')]

        [int]$Limit = 0,

        [Parameter()]

        [string]$SearchRoot,

        [Parameter()]

        [string[]]$Filter,

        [Parameter()]

        [string]$BaseFilter,

        [Parameter()]

        [string[]]$Properties = @('Name','ADSPath'),

        [Parameter()]

        [int]$PageSize = $Script:PageSize,

        [Parameter()]

        [ValidateSet('Subtree', 'OneLevel', 'Base')]

        [string]$SearchScope = 'Subtree',

        [Parameter()]

        [ValidateSet('None', 'Dacl', 'Group', 'Owner', 'Sacl')]

        [string]$SecurityMask = 'None',

        [Parameter()]

        [bool]$TombStone,

        [Parameter()]

        [bool]$IncludeAllProperties,

        [Parameter()]

        [bool]$IncludeNullProperties,

        [Parameter()]

        [bool]$ChangeLogicOrder,

        [Parameter()]

        $ModifiedAfter,

        [Parameter()]

        $ModifiedBefore,

        [Parameter()]

        $CreatedAfter,

        [Parameter()]

        $CreatedBefore

    )

    # Function initialization

    Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    # Generate additional groups of filters to add to the LDAP filter set

    #  these will always be logically ANDed with the custom filters

    $LDAPFilters = @()

    if ($ChangeLogicOrder) {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Setting logic order for custom filters to OR."

        $AndOr = '|'

    }

    else {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Setting logic order for custom filters to AND."

        $AndOr = '&'

    }

    $LDAPFilters += Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $Filter -Conditional $AndOr

    # Create a set of other filters based on the passed parameters

    $ModifiedFilters = @()

    # Filter for modification time

    if ($ModifiedAfter) {

        $ModifiedFilters += "whenChanged>=$($ModifiedAfter.ToString('yyyyMMddhhmmss.sZ'))"

    }

    if ($ModifiedBefore) {

        $ModifiedFilters += "whenChanged<=$($ModifiedBefore.ToString('yyyyMMddhhmmss.sZ'))"

    }

    $LDAPFilters += Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $ModifiedFilters -Conditional '&'

    # Filter for creation time

    $CreatedFilters = @()

    if ($CreatedAfter) {

        $CreatedFilters += "whencreated>=$($CreatedAfter.ToString('yyyyMMddhhmmss.sZ'))"

    }

    if ($CreatedBefore) {

        $CreatedFilters += "whencreated<=$($CreatedBefore.ToString('yyyyMMddhhmmss.sZ'))"

    }

    $LDAPFilters += Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $CreatedFilters -Conditional '&'

    if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Identity)) {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Identity was passed ($Identity), creating filter"

        $LDAPFilters += Get-CommonIDLDAPFilter -Identity $Identity -Filter $Filter

    }

    $LDAPFilters += $BaseFilter

    $FinalLDAPFilters = Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $LDAPFilters -Conditional '&'

    if ($null -eq $FinalLDAPFilters) {

        $FinalLDAPFilters = '(distinguishedName=*)'

    }

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Final LDAPFilter string = $FinalLDAPFilters"

    $SearcherParams = @{

        ComputerName = $ComputerName

        SearchRoot = $searchRoot

        SearchScope = $SearchScope

        Limit = $Limit

        Credential = $Credential

        Filter = $FinalLDAPFilters

        Properties = $Properties

        PageSize = $PageSize

        SecurityMask = $SecurityMask

    }

    if ($Tombstone) {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Including tombstone items"

        $SearcherParams.Tombstone = $true

    }

    # If all properties are being returned then we have nothing more to do

    if ($IncludeAllProperties) {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Including all properties"

        $SearcherParams.Properties = '*'

    }

    else {

        # Otherwise we need to maybe add different properties which are used to derive other properties

        if ($IncludeNullProperties) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Including null properties"

            # To derive null properties we need the objectClass for the schema lookup.

            if (($SearcherParams.Properties -notcontains 'objectClass') -and ($SearcherParams.Properties -ne '*')) {

                $SearcherParams.Properties += 'objectClass'

            }

        }

        # if we are including some non-standard group properties then add grouptype so we can derive them

        if (($SearcherParams.Properties -contains 'GroupScope') -or ($SearcherParams.Properties -contains 'GroupCategory')) {

            if ($SearcherParams.Properties -notcontains 'grouptype') {

                $SearcherParams.Properties += 'grouptype'

            }

        }

    }

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): $(New-Object psobject -Property $SearcherParams)"

    return $SearcherParams

}

function Get-CredentialState {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Returns the type of connection you have based on what is passed.

    .DESCRIPTION

    Returns the type of connection you have based on what is passed.

    .PARAMETER ComputerName

    Fully Qualified Name of a remote domain controller to connect to.

    .PARAMETER Credential

    The credential to enumerate.

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-Credential $null

    Returns the current user settings. Password will be returned as $null.

    .NOTES

    Author: Zachary Loeber

    .LINK

    https://www.the-little-things.net

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (

        [Parameter()]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $CurrCreds = Split-Credential -Credential $Credential

    if ( $CurrCreds.AltUser -and (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ComputerName)) ) {

        return 'AltUserAndServer'

    }

    elseif ($CurrCreds.AltUser) {

        return 'AltUser'

    }

    elseif (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ComputerName)) {

        return 'CurrentUserAltServer'

    }

    else {

        return 'CurrentUser'

    }

}

function Get-DomainJoinStatus {

    $NetJoinStatus = @('Unknown', 'Unjoined', 'Workgroup', 'Domain')

    $sig = @"

[DllImport("Netapi32.dll", CharSet=CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError=true)]

public static extern int NetGetJoinInformation(string server,out IntPtr domain,out int status);

"@

    $type = Add-Type -MemberDefinition $sig -Name Win32Utils -Namespace NetGetJoinInformation -PassThru

    $ptr = [IntPtr]::Zero

    $joinstatus = 0

    $null = $type::NetGetJoinInformation($null, [ref] $ptr, [ref]$joinstatus)

    $NetJoinStatus[$joinstatus]

}

function New-DynamicParameter {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Helper function to simplify creating dynamic parameters

    .DESCRIPTION

    Helper function to simplify creating dynamic parameters.

    Example use cases:

        Include parameters only if your environment dictates it

        Include parameters depending on the value of a user-specified parameter

        Provide tab completion and intellisense for parameters, depending on the environment

    Please keep in mind that all dynamic parameters you create, will not have corresponding variables created.

        Use New-DynamicParameter with 'CreateVariables' switch in your main code block,

        ('Process' for advanced functions) to create those variables.

        Alternatively, manually reference $PSBoundParameters for the dynamic parameter value.

    This function has two operating modes:

    1. All dynamic parameters created in one pass using pipeline input to the function. This mode allows to create dynamic parameters en masse,

    with one function call. There is no need to create and maintain custom RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary.

    2. Dynamic parameters are created by separate function calls and added to the RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary you created beforehand.

    Then you output this RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary to the pipeline. This allows more fine-grained control of the dynamic parameters,

    with custom conditions and so on.

    .NOTES

    Credits to jrich523 and ramblingcookiemonster for their initial code and inspiration:

        https://github.com/RamblingCookieMonster/PowerShell/blob/master/New-DynamicParam.ps1

        http://ramblingcookiemonster.wordpress.com/2014/11/27/quick-hits-credentials-and-dynamic-parameters/

        http://jrich523.wordpress.com/2013/05/30/powershell-simple-way-to-add-dynamic-parameters-to-advanced-function/

    Credit to BM for alias and type parameters and their handling

    .PARAMETER Name

    Name of the dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER Type

    Type for the dynamic parameter.  Default is string

    .PARAMETER Alias

    If specified, one or more aliases to assign to the dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER Mandatory

    If specified, set the Mandatory attribute for this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER Position

    If specified, set the Position attribute for this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER HelpMessage

    If specified, set the HelpMessage for this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER DontShow

    If specified, set the DontShow for this dynamic parameter.

    This is the new PowerShell 4.0 attribute that hides parameter from tab-completion.

    http://www.powershellmagazine.com/2013/07/29/pstip-hiding-parameters-from-tab-completion/

    .PARAMETER ValueFromPipeline

    If specified, set the ValueFromPipeline attribute for this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName

    If specified, set the ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName attribute for this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValueFromRemainingArguments

    If specified, set the ValueFromRemainingArguments attribute for this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ParameterSetName

    If specified, set the ParameterSet attribute for this dynamic parameter. By default parameter is added to all parameters sets.

    .PARAMETER AllowNull

    If specified, set the AllowNull attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER AllowEmptyString

    If specified, set the AllowEmptyString attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER AllowEmptyCollection

    If specified, set the AllowEmptyCollection attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidateNotNull

    If specified, set the ValidateNotNull attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidateNotNullOrEmpty

    If specified, set the ValidateNotNullOrEmpty attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidateRange

    If specified, set the ValidateRange attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidateLength

    If specified, set the ValidateLength attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidatePattern

    If specified, set the ValidatePattern attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidateScript

    If specified, set the ValidateScript attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER ValidateSet

    If specified, set the ValidateSet attribute of this dynamic parameter

    .PARAMETER Dictionary

    If specified, add resulting RuntimeDefinedParameter to an existing RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary.

    Appropriate for custom dynamic parameters creation.

    If not specified, create and return a RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary

    Aappropriate for a simple dynamic parameter creation.

    .EXAMPLE

    Create one dynamic parameter.

    This example illustrates the use of New-DynamicParameter to create a single dynamic parameter.

    The Drive's parameter ValidateSet is populated with all available volumes on the computer for handy tab completion / intellisense.

    Usage: Get-FreeSpace -Drive <tab>

    function Get-FreeSpace

    {

        [CmdletBinding()]

        Param()

        DynamicParam

        {

            # Get drive names for ValidateSet attribute

            $DriveList = ([System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives()).Name

            # Create new dynamic parameter

            New-DynamicParameter -Name Drive -ValidateSet $DriveList -Type ([array]) -Position 0 -Mandatory

        }

        Process

        {

            # Dynamic parameters don't have corresponding variables created,

            # you need to call New-DynamicParameter with CreateVariables switch to fix that.

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

            $DriveInfo = [System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives() | Where-Object {$Drive -contains $_.Name}

            $DriveInfo |

                ForEach-Object {

                    if(!$_.TotalFreeSpace)

                    {

                        $FreePct = 0

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        $FreePct = [System.Math]::Round(($_.TotalSize / $_.TotalFreeSpace), 2)

                    }

                    New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                        Drive = $_.Name

                        DriveType = $_.DriveType

                        'Free(%)' = $FreePct

                    }

                }

        }

    }

    .EXAMPLE

    Create several dynamic parameters not using custom RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary (requires piping).

    In this example two dynamic parameters are created. Each parameter belongs to the different parameter set, so they are mutually exclusive.

    The Drive's parameter ValidateSet is populated with all available volumes on the computer.

    The DriveType's parameter ValidateSet is populated with all available drive types.

    Usage: Get-FreeSpace -Drive <tab>

        or

    Usage: Get-FreeSpace -DriveType <tab>

    Parameters are defined in the array of hashtables, which is then piped through the New-Object to create PSObject and pass it to the New-DynamicParameter function.

    Because of piping, New-DynamicParameter function is able to create all parameters at once, thus eliminating need for you to create and pass external RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary to it.

    function Get-FreeSpace

    {

        [CmdletBinding()]

        Param()

        DynamicParam

        {

            # Array of hashtables that hold values for dynamic parameters

            $DynamicParameters = @(

                @{

                    Name = 'Drive'

                    Type = [array]

                    Position = 0

                    Mandatory = $true

                    ValidateSet = ([System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives()).Name

                    ParameterSetName = 'Drive'

                },

                @{

                    Name = 'DriveType'

                    Type = [array]

                    Position = 0

                    Mandatory = $true

                    ValidateSet = [System.Enum]::GetNames('System.IO.DriveType')

                    ParameterSetName = 'DriveType'

                }

            )

            # Convert hashtables to PSObjects and pipe them to the New-DynamicParameter,

            # to create all dynamic paramters in one function call.

            $DynamicParameters | ForEach-Object {New-Object PSObject -Property $_} | New-DynamicParameter

        }

        Process

        {

            # Dynamic parameters don't have corresponding variables created,

            # you need to call New-DynamicParameter with CreateVariables switch to fix that.

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

            if($Drive)

            {

                $Filter = {$Drive -contains $_.Name}

            }

            elseif($DriveType)

            {

                $Filter =  {$DriveType -contains  $_.DriveType}

            }

            $DriveInfo = [System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives() | Where-Object $Filter

            $DriveInfo |

                ForEach-Object {

                    if(!$_.TotalFreeSpace)

                    {

                        $FreePct = 0

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        $FreePct = [System.Math]::Round(($_.TotalSize / $_.TotalFreeSpace), 2)

                    }

                    New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                        Drive = $_.Name

                        DriveType = $_.DriveType

                        'Free(%)' = $FreePct

                    }

                }

        }

    }

    .EXAMPLE

    Create several dynamic parameters, with multiple Parameter Sets, not using custom RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary (requires piping).

    In this example three dynamic parameters are created. Two of the parameters are belong to the different parameter set, so they are mutually exclusive.

    One of the parameters belongs to both parameter sets.

    The Drive's parameter ValidateSet is populated with all available volumes on the computer.

    The DriveType's parameter ValidateSet is populated with all available drive types.

    The DriveType's parameter ValidateSet is populated with all available drive types.

    The Precision's parameter controls number of digits after decimal separator for Free Space percentage.

    Usage: Get-FreeSpace -Drive <tab> -Precision 2

        or

    Usage: Get-FreeSpace -DriveType <tab> -Precision 2

    Parameters are defined in the array of hashtables, which is then piped through the New-Object to create PSObject and pass it to the New-DynamicParameter function.

    If parameter with the same name already exist in the RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary, a new Parameter Set is added to it.

    Because of piping, New-DynamicParameter function is able to create all parameters at once, thus eliminating need for you to create and pass external RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary to it.

    function Get-FreeSpace

    {

        [CmdletBinding()]

        Param()

        DynamicParam

        {

            # Array of hashtables that hold values for dynamic parameters

            $DynamicParameters = @(

                @{

                    Name = 'Drive'

                    Type = [array]

                    Position = 0

                    Mandatory = $true

                    ValidateSet = ([System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives()).Name

                    ParameterSetName = 'Drive'

                },

                @{

                    Name = 'DriveType'

                    Type = [array]

                    Position = 0

                    Mandatory = $true

                    ValidateSet = [System.Enum]::GetNames('System.IO.DriveType')

                    ParameterSetName = 'DriveType'

                },

                @{

                    Name = 'Precision'

                    Type = [int]

                    # This will add a Drive parameter set to the parameter

                    Position = 1

                    ParameterSetName = 'Drive'

                },

                @{

                    Name = 'Precision'

                    # Because the parameter already exits in the RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary,

                    # this will add a DriveType parameter set to the parameter.

                    Position = 1

                    ParameterSetName = 'DriveType'

                }

            )

            # Convert hashtables to PSObjects and pipe them to the New-DynamicParameter,

            # to create all dynamic paramters in one function call.

            $DynamicParameters | ForEach-Object {New-Object PSObject -Property $_} | New-DynamicParameter

        }

        Process

        {

            # Dynamic parameters don't have corresponding variables created,

            # you need to call New-DynamicParameter with CreateVariables switch to fix that.

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

            if($Drive)

            {

                $Filter = {$Drive -contains $_.Name}

            }

            elseif($DriveType)

            {

                $Filter = {$DriveType -contains  $_.DriveType}

            }

            if(!$Precision)

            {

                $Precision = 2

            }

            $DriveInfo = [System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives() | Where-Object $Filter

            $DriveInfo |

                ForEach-Object {

                    if(!$_.TotalFreeSpace)

                    {

                        $FreePct = 0

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        $FreePct = [System.Math]::Round(($_.TotalSize / $_.TotalFreeSpace), $Precision)

                    }

                    New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                        Drive = $_.Name

                        DriveType = $_.DriveType

                        'Free(%)' = $FreePct

                    }

                }

        }

    }

    .Example

    Create dynamic parameters using custom dictionary.

    In case you need more control, use custom dictionary to precisely choose what dynamic parameters to create and when.

    The example below will create DriveType dynamic parameter only if today is not a Friday:

    function Get-FreeSpace

    {

        [CmdletBinding()]

        Param()

        DynamicParam

        {

            $Drive = @{

                Name = 'Drive'

                Type = [array]

                Position = 0

                Mandatory = $true

                ValidateSet = ([System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives()).Name

                ParameterSetName = 'Drive'

            }

            $DriveType =  @{

                Name = 'DriveType'

                Type = [array]

                Position = 0

                Mandatory = $true

                ValidateSet = [System.Enum]::GetNames('System.IO.DriveType')

                ParameterSetName = 'DriveType'

            }

            # Create dictionary

            $DynamicParameters = New-Object System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary

            # Add new dynamic parameter to dictionary

            New-DynamicParameter @Drive -Dictionary $DynamicParameters

            # Add another dynamic parameter to dictionary, only if today is not a Friday

            if((Get-Date).DayOfWeek -ne [DayOfWeek]::Friday)

            {

                New-DynamicParameter @DriveType -Dictionary $DynamicParameters

            }

            # Return dictionary with dynamic parameters

            $DynamicParameters

        }

        Process

        {

            # Dynamic parameters don't have corresponding variables created,

            # you need to call New-DynamicParameter with CreateVariables switch to fix that.

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

            if($Drive)

            {

                $Filter = {$Drive -contains $_.Name}

            }

            elseif($DriveType)

            {

                $Filter =  {$DriveType -contains  $_.DriveType}

            }

            $DriveInfo = [System.IO.DriveInfo]::GetDrives() | Where-Object $Filter

            $DriveInfo |

                ForEach-Object {

                    if(!$_.TotalFreeSpace)

                    {

                        $FreePct = 0

                    }

                    else

                    {

                        $FreePct = [System.Math]::Round(($_.TotalSize / $_.TotalFreeSpace), 2)

                    }

                    New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                        Drive = $_.Name

                        DriveType = $_.DriveType

                        'Free(%)' = $FreePct

                    }

                }

        }

    }

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding = $false, DefaultParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

    Param

    (

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [string]$Name,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [System.Type]$Type = [int],

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [string[]]$Alias,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$Mandatory,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [int]$Position,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [string]$HelpMessage,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$DontShow,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$ValueFromPipeline,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$ValueFromRemainingArguments,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [string]$ParameterSetName = '__AllParameterSets',

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$AllowNull,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$AllowEmptyString,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$AllowEmptyCollection,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$ValidateNotNull,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [switch]$ValidateNotNullOrEmpty,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateCount(2, 2)]

        [int[]]$ValidateCount,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateCount(2, 2)]

        [int[]]$ValidateRange,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateCount(2, 2)]

        [int[]]$ValidateLength,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [string]$ValidatePattern,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [scriptblock]$ValidateScript,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [string[]]$ValidateSet,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'DynamicParameter')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [ValidateScript( {

                if (!($_ -is [System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary])) {

                    Throw 'Dictionary must be a System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary object'

                }

                $true

            })]

        $Dictionary = $false,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'CreateVariables')]

        [switch]$CreateVariables,

        [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ParameterSetName = 'CreateVariables')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [ValidateScript( {

                # System.Management.Automation.PSBoundParametersDictionary is an internal sealed class,

                # so one can't use PowerShell's '-is' operator to validate type.

                if ($_.GetType().Name -ne 'PSBoundParametersDictionary') {

                    Throw 'BoundParameters must be a System.Management.Automation.PSBoundParametersDictionary object'

                }

                $true

            })]

        $BoundParameters

    )

    Begin {

        Write-Verbose 'Creating new dynamic parameters dictionary'

        $InternalDictionary = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary

        Write-Verbose 'Getting common parameters'

        function _temp { [CmdletBinding()] Param() }

        $CommonParameters = (Get-Command _temp).Parameters.Keys

    }

    Process {

        if ($CreateVariables) {

            Write-Verbose 'Creating variables from bound parameters'

            Write-Debug 'Picking out bound parameters that are not in common parameters set'

            $BoundKeys = $BoundParameters.Keys | Where-Object { $CommonParameters -notcontains $_ }

            foreach ($Parameter in $BoundKeys) {

                Write-Debug "Setting existing variable for dynamic parameter '$Parameter' with value '$($BoundParameters.$Parameter)'"

                Set-Variable -Name $Parameter -Value $BoundParameters.$Parameter -Scope 1 -Force

            }

        }

        else {

            Write-Verbose 'Looking for cached bound parameters'

            Write-Debug 'More info: https://beatcracker.wordpress.com/2014/12/18/psboundparameters-pipeline-and-the-valuefrompipelinebypropertyname-parameter-attribute'

            $StaleKeys = @()

            $StaleKeys = $PSBoundParameters.GetEnumerator() |

                ForEach-Object {

                if ($_.Value.PSobject.Methods.Name -match '^Equals$') {

                    # If object has Equals, compare bound key and variable using it

                    if (!$_.Value.Equals((Get-Variable -Name $_.Key -ValueOnly -Scope 0))) {

                        $_.Key

                    }

                }

                else {

                    # If object doesn't has Equals (e.g. $null), fallback to the PowerShell's -ne operator

                    if ($_.Value -ne (Get-Variable -Name $_.Key -ValueOnly -Scope 0)) {

                        $_.Key

                    }

                }

            }

            if ($StaleKeys) {

                [string[]]"Found $($StaleKeys.Count) cached bound parameters:" + $StaleKeys | Write-Debug

                Write-Verbose 'Removing cached bound parameters'

                $StaleKeys | ForEach-Object {[void]$PSBoundParameters.Remove($_)}

            }

            # Since we rely solely on $PSBoundParameters, we don't have access to default values for unbound parameters

            Write-Verbose 'Looking for unbound parameters with default values'

            Write-Debug 'Getting unbound parameters list'

            $UnboundParameters = (Get-Command -Name ($PSCmdlet.MyInvocation.InvocationName)).Parameters.GetEnumerator()  |

                # Find parameters that are belong to the current parameter set

            Where-Object { $_.Value.ParameterSets.Keys -contains $PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName } |

                Select-Object -ExpandProperty Key |

                # Find unbound parameters in the current parameter set

                                                Where-Object { $PSBoundParameters.Keys -notcontains $_ }

            # Even if parameter is not bound, corresponding variable is created with parameter's default value (if specified)

            Write-Debug 'Trying to get variables with default parameter value and create a new bound parameter''s'

            $tmp = $null

            foreach ($Parameter in $UnboundParameters) {

                $DefaultValue = Get-Variable -Name $Parameter -ValueOnly -Scope 0

                if (!$PSBoundParameters.TryGetValue($Parameter, [ref]$tmp) -and $DefaultValue) {

                    $PSBoundParameters.$Parameter = $DefaultValue

                    Write-Debug "Added new parameter '$Parameter' with value '$DefaultValue'"

                }

            }

            if ($Dictionary) {

                Write-Verbose 'Using external dynamic parameter dictionary'

                $DPDictionary = $Dictionary

            }

            else {

                Write-Verbose 'Using internal dynamic parameter dictionary'

                $DPDictionary = $InternalDictionary

            }

            Write-Verbose "Creating new dynamic parameter: $Name"

            # Shortcut for getting local variables

            $GetVar = {Get-Variable -Name $_ -ValueOnly -Scope 0}

            # Strings to match attributes and validation arguments

            $AttributeRegex = '^(Mandatory|Position|ParameterSetName|DontShow|HelpMessage|ValueFromPipeline|ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName|ValueFromRemainingArguments)$'

            $ValidationRegex = '^(AllowNull|AllowEmptyString|AllowEmptyCollection|ValidateCount|ValidateLength|ValidatePattern|ValidateRange|ValidateScript|ValidateSet|ValidateNotNull|ValidateNotNullOrEmpty)$'

            $AliasRegex = '^Alias$'

            Write-Debug 'Creating new parameter''s attirubutes object'

            $ParameterAttribute = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.ParameterAttribute

            Write-Debug 'Looping through the bound parameters, setting attirubutes...'

            switch -regex ($PSBoundParameters.Keys) {

                $AttributeRegex {

                    Try {

                        $ParameterAttribute.$_ = . $GetVar

                        Write-Debug "Added new parameter attribute: $_"

                    }

                    Catch {

                        $_

                    }

                    continue

                }

            }

            if ($DPDictionary.Keys -contains $Name) {

                Write-Verbose "Dynamic parameter '$Name' already exist, adding another parameter set to it"

                $DPDictionary.$Name.Attributes.Add($ParameterAttribute)

            }

            else {

                Write-Verbose "Dynamic parameter '$Name' doesn't exist, creating"

                Write-Debug 'Creating new attribute collection object'

                $AttributeCollection = New-Object -TypeName Collections.ObjectModel.Collection[System.Attribute]

                Write-Debug 'Looping through bound parameters, adding attributes'

                switch -regex ($PSBoundParameters.Keys) {

                    $ValidationRegex {

                        Try {

                            $ParameterOptions = New-Object -TypeName "System.Management.Automation.${_}Attribute" -ArgumentList (. $GetVar) -ErrorAction Stop

                            $AttributeCollection.Add($ParameterOptions)

                            Write-Debug "Added attribute: $_"

                        }

                        Catch {

                            $_

                        }

                        continue

                    }

                    $AliasRegex {

                        Try {

                            $ParameterAlias = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.AliasAttribute -ArgumentList (. $GetVar) -ErrorAction Stop

                            $AttributeCollection.Add($ParameterAlias)

                            Write-Debug "Added alias: $_"

                            continue

                        }

                        Catch {

                            $_

                        }

                    }

                }

                Write-Debug 'Adding attributes to the attribute collection'

                $AttributeCollection.Add($ParameterAttribute)

                Write-Debug 'Finishing creation of the new dynamic parameter'

                $Parameter = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameter -ArgumentList @($Name, $Type, $AttributeCollection)

                Write-Debug 'Adding dynamic parameter to the dynamic parameter dictionary'

                $DPDictionary.Add($Name, $Parameter)

            }

        }

    }

    End {

        if (!$CreateVariables -and !$Dictionary) {

            Write-Verbose 'Writing dynamic parameter dictionary to the pipeline'

            $DPDictionary

        }

    }

}

Function New-ProxyFunction {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

        Proxy function dynamic parameter block

    .DESCRIPTION

        The dynamic parameter block of a proxy function. This block can be used to copy a proxy function target's parameters, regardless of changes from version to version.

    #>

    [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()]

    param(

        # The name of the command being proxied.

        [System.String]

        $CommandName,

        # The type of the command being proxied. Valid values include 'Cmdlet' or 'Function'.

        [System.Management.Automation.CommandTypes]

        $CommandType

    )

    try {

        # Look up the command being proxied.

        $wrappedCmd = $ExecutionContext.InvokeCommand.GetCommand($CommandName, $CommandType)

        #If the command was not found, throw an appropriate command not found exception.

        if (-not $wrappedCmd) {

            $PSCmdlet.ThrowCommandNotFoundError($CommandName, $PSCmdlet.MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name)

        }

        # Lookup the command metadata.

        $metadata = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.CommandMetadata -ArgumentList $wrappedCmd

        # Create dynamic parameters, one for each parameter on the command being proxied.

        $dynamicDictionary = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary

        foreach ($key in $metadata.Parameters.Keys) {

            $parameter = $metadata.Parameters[$key]

            $dynamicParameter = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.RuntimeDefinedParameter -ArgumentList @(

                $parameter.Name

                $parameter.ParameterType

                ,$parameter.Attributes

            )

            $dynamicDictionary.Add($parameter.Name, $dynamicParameter)

        }

        $dynamicDictionary

    }

    catch {

        $PSCmdlet.ThrowTerminatingError($_)

    }

}

function Split-Credential {

    <#

    .SYNOPSIS

    Enumerates the username, password, and domain of a credential object.

    .DESCRIPTION

    Enumerates the username, password, and domain of a credential object.

    .PARAMETER Credential

    The credential to enumerate.

    .EXAMPLE

    PS C:\> Get-Credential $null

    Returns the current user settings. Password will be returned as $null.

    .NOTES

    Author: Zachary Loeber

    .LINK

    https://www.the-little-things.net

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (

        [parameter()]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]$Credential

    )

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $SplitCreds = @{

        UserName = $null

        Password = $null

        Domain = $null

        AltUser = $true

    }

    if ($Credential -eq $null) {

        if ((Get-DomainJoinStatus) -eq 'Domain') {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): No credential passed trying to use the local user instead"

            $SplitCreds.Domain,$SplitCreds.UserName = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name -split "\\"

            $SplitCreds.AltUser = $false

        }

        else {

            throw "$($FunctionName): No credentials passed and this system is not domain joined."

        }

    }

    else {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Credential passed, splitting it up to its component parts."

        $SplitCreds.UserName= $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().UserName.ToString()

        $SplitCreds.Password = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Password.ToString()

        $SplitCreds.Domain = $Credential.GetNetworkCredential().Domain.ToString()

    }

    if ($SplitCreds.Domain -eq '') {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Credential passed without a domain, looking for a forest name instead (@forest.com).."

        $SplitCreds.UserName,$SplitCreds.Domain = $SplitCreds.UserName -split "\@"

        if ($SplitCreds.Domain -eq $null) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Credential passed without a domain or forest name. Attempting to use current user's domain instead"

            $SplitCreds.Domain,$null = [System.Security.Principal.WindowsIdentity]::GetCurrent().Name -split "\\"

            if ($SplitCreds.Domain -eq '') {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Credential passed without a domain or forest name."

                $SplitCreds.Domain = $null

            }

        }

    }

    $SplitCreds

}

## PUBLIC MODULE FUNCTIONS AND DATA ##

function Connect-DSAD {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Connect-DSAD.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (

        [Parameter(Position=0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName,

        [parameter(Position=1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential

    )

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    # Update the module variables

    $Script:CurrentDomain = $null

    $Script:CurrentForest = $null

    $Script:CurrentBaseDN = $null

    $Script:CurrentCredential = $Credential

    $Script:CurrentServer = $ComputerName

    $CurrCreds = Split-Credential -Credential $Credential

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Using Domain = $($CurrCreds.Domain); UserName = $($CurrCreds.UserName)"

    switch ((Get-CredentialState -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName) ) {

        'AltUserAndServer' {

            # When connecting with alternate credentials we first connect to the AD and Directory contexts to then get our forest and domain objects setup

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Attempting to connect with alternate credentials to $ComputerName"

            $ADContext = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DirectoryContext 'DirectoryServer', $ComputerName, $CurrCreds.UserName, $CurrCreds.Password

            $Script:CurrentForest = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetForest($ADContext)

            $Script:CurrentDomain =  [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetDomain($ADContext)

            $Script:CurrentBaseDN = "LDAP://$(($Script:CurrentDomain).Name)"

        }

        'AltUser' {

            # When connecting with alternate credentials without a server name we first try to locate an acceptable DC as connecting to a DC can expose both domain and forest info

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Attempting to connect with alternate credentials by first locating a DC to connect to."

            $DCContext = Get-DSDirectoryContext -Credential $Credential -ContextType 'Domain' -ContextName $CurrCreds.Domain

            $ComputerName = ([System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DomainController]::findOne($DCContext)).Name

            $Script:CurrentServer = $ComputerName

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Connecting to $ComputerName"

            $ADContext = Get-DSDirectoryContext -Credential $Credential -ContextType 'DirectoryServer' -ContextName $ComputerName

            $Script:CurrentForest = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetForest($ADContext)

            $Script:CurrentDomain =  [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetDomain($ADContext)

            $Script:CurrentBaseDN = "LDAP://$(($Script:CurrentDomain).Name)"

        }

        'CurrentUserAltServer' {

            # We are using the current user but connecting to a different server

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Attempting to connect with current credentials to $ComputerName"

            $ADContext = New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DirectoryContext 'DirectoryServer', $ComputerName

            $Script:CurrentForest = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetForest($ADContext)

            $Script:CurrentDomain =  [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetDomain($ADContext)

            $Script:CurrentBaseDN = "LDAP://$(($Script:CurrentDomain).Name)"

        }

        'CurrentUser' {

            # Using current credentials we first gather the current forest and domain information and then create the contexts

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Attempting to connect as the current user to the current domain"

            $Script:CurrentForest = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentForest()

            $Script:CurrentDomain =  [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()

            $Script:CurrentBaseDN = "LDAP://$(($Script:CurrentDomain).Name)"

        }

        Default {

            Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Unable to connect to AD!"

        }

    }

}

function Convert-DSCSE {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Convert-DSCSE.md

    #>

    [cmdletbinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]

        [string]$CSEString

    )

    Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $CSEString = $CSEString -replace '}{','},{'

    ($Script:GPOGuidRef).keys | Foreach-Object {

        $CSEString = $CSEString -replace $_,$GPOGuidRef[$_]

    }

    $CSEString

}

function Convert-DSUACProperty {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Convert-DSUACProperty.md

    #>

    [cmdletbinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true, ValueFromPipeline=$true)]

        [string]$UACProperty

    )

    if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    }

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    try {

        $UAC = [Enum]::Parse('userAccountControlFlags', $UACProperty)

        $Script:UACAttribs | Foreach-Object {

            if ($UAC -match $_) {

                $_

            }

        }

    }

    catch {

        Write-Warning -Message ("$($FunctionName) {0}" -f $_.Exception.Message)

    }

}

function Disable-DSObject {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Disable-DSObject.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding( SupportsShouldProcess=$True, ConfirmImpact='Medium' )]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [Alias('Name')]

        [string]$Identity,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]

        [Switch]$Force

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $Identities = @()

        $SearcherParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

            ResultsAs = 'searcher'

            Properties = @('name','adspath','distinguishedname','useraccountcontrol')

        }

        $YesToAll = $false

        $NoToAll = $false

    }

    process {

        $SearcherParams.Identity = $Identity

        $Identities += Get-DSObject @SearcherParams

    }

    end {

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            $Name = $ID.Properties['name']

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Start disable object processing for object - $Name"

            if ($ID.properties.Contains('useraccountcontrol')) {

                $UAC = Convert-DSUACProperty -UACProperty ($ID.properties)['useraccountcontrol']

                if ( $UAC -notcontains 'ACCOUNTDISABLE' ) {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Enabling object name: $Name"

                    if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Disable $Name?", "Disable $Name?","Enabling $Name")) {

                        if ($Force -Or $PSCmdlet.ShouldContinue("Are you REALLY sure you want to disable '$Name'?", "Updating AD Object $Name", [ref]$YesToAll, [ref]$NotoAll)) {

                            try {

                                #$ID.Put($Property,$Value)

                                $DE = $ID.GetDirectoryEntry()

                                $DE.psbase.InvokeSet('AccountDisabled', $true)

                                $DE.SetInfo()

                            }

                            catch {

                                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to disable $Name!"

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }

                else {

                    Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): $Name is already disabled"

                }

            }

            else {

                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): $Name is an account object that can not be disabled."

            }

        }

    }

}

function Enable-DSObject {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Enable-DSObject.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding( SupportsShouldProcess=$True, ConfirmImpact='Medium' )]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [Alias('Name')]

        [string]$Identity,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]

        [Switch]$Force

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $Identities = @()

        $SearcherParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

            ResultsAs = 'searcher'

            Properties = @('name','adspath','distinguishedname','useraccountcontrol')

        }

        $YesToAll = $false

        $NoToAll = $false

    }

    process {

        $SearcherParams.Identity = $Identity

        $Identities += Get-DSObject @SearcherParams

    }

    end {

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            $Name = $ID.Properties['name']

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Start enable object processing for object - $Name"

            if ($ID.properties.Contains('useraccountcontrol')) {

                $UAC = Convert-DSUACProperty -UACProperty ($ID.properties)['useraccountcontrol']

                if ( $UAC -contains 'ACCOUNTDISABLE' ) {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Enabling object name: $Name"

                    if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Enable $Name?", "Enable $Name?","Enabling $Name")) {

                        if ($Force -Or $PSCmdlet.ShouldContinue("Are you REALLY sure you want to enable '$Name'?", "Updating AD Object $Name", [ref]$YesToAll, [ref]$NotoAll)) {

                            try {

                                #$ID.Put($Property,$Value)

                                $DE = $ID.GetDirectoryEntry()

                                $DE.psbase.InvokeSet('AccountDisabled', $false)

                                $DE.SetInfo()

                            }

                            catch {

                                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to enable $Name!"

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }

                else {

                    Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): $Name is already enabled"

                }

            }

            else {

                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): $Name is an account object that can not be enabled."

            }

        }

    }

}

function Format-DSSearchFilterValue {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Format-DSSearchFilterValue.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter( Mandatory = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $True )]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [string]$SearchString

    )

    Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    $SearchString = $SearchString.Replace('\', '\5c')

    $SearchString = $SearchString.Replace('*', '\2a')

    $SearchString = $SearchString.Replace('(', '\28')

    $SearchString = $SearchString.Replace(')', '\29')

    $SearchString = $SearchString.Replace('/', '\2f')

    $SearchString = $SearchString.Replace("`0", '\00')

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): formatted search string = $SearchString"

    $SearchString

}

function Get-DSADSchemaVersion {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSADSchemaVersion.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    process {

        $SchemaContext = (Get-DSSchema -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential).name

        $objectVersion = (Get-DSObject -SearchScope:Base -SearchRoot $SchemaContext -Properties 'objectversion' -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential).objectversion

        if (($Script:SchemaVersionTable).Keys -contains $objectVersion) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Exchange schema version found."

            $Script:SchemaVersionTable[$objectVersion]

        }

        else {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Exchange schema version not in our list."

            $objectVersion

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSADSite {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSADSite.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position=0)]

        [Alias('Name','Identity','ForestName')]

        [string]$Forest = ($Script:CurrentForest).name,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

    }

    end {

        try {

            (Get-DSForest -Identity $Forest @DSParams).Sites

        }

        catch {

            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to get AD site information from the forest."

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSADSiteSubnet {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSADSiteSubnet.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position=0)]

        [Alias('Name','Identity','ForestName')]

        [string]$Forest = ($Script:CurrentForest).name,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

    }

    end {

        try {

            ((Get-DSForest -Identity $Forest @DSParams).Sites).Subnets

        }

        catch {

            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to get AD site information from the forest."

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSComputer {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSComputer.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding=$false)]

    param(

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='AdminCount is greater than 0')]

        [switch]$AdminCount,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Only those trusted for delegation.')]

        [switch]$TrustedForDelegation,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Date to search for computers that logged on or after this date.')]

        [datetime]$LogOnAfter,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Date to search for computers that logged on or after this date.')]

        [datetime]$LogOnBefore,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Filter by the specified operating systems.')]

        [string[]]$OperatingSystem,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Computer is disabled')]

        [switch]$Disabled,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Computer is enabled')]

        [switch]$Enabled,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Filter by the specified Service Principal Names.')]

        [string[]]$SPN

    )

    DynamicParam {

        # Create dictionary

        New-ProxyFunction -CommandName 'Get-DSObject' -CommandType 'Function'

    }

    begin {

        # Function initialization

        if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

            Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        }

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        # Build our base filter (overwrites any dynamic parameter sent base filter)

        $BaseFilters = @('objectCategory=Computer')

        # Filter for accounts who have an adcmicount filed higher than 0.

        if ($AdminCount) {

            $BaseFilters += "admincount>=1"

        }

        # Filter for logon time

        if ($LogOnAfter) {

            $BaseFilters += "lastlogontimestamp>=$($LogOnAfter.TofileTime())"

        }

        if ($LogOnBefore) {

            $BaseFilters += "lastlogontimestamp<=$($LogOnBefore.TofileTime())"

        }

        # Filter by Operating System

        if ($OperatingSystem.Count -ge 1) {

            $BaseFilters += "|(operatingSystem={0})" -f ($OperatingSystem -join ')(operatingSystem=')

        }

        # Filter for accounts that are disabled.

        if ($Disabled) {

            $BaseFilters += "userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2"

        }

        # Filter for accounts that are enabled.

        if ($Enabled) {

            $BaseFilters += "!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)"

        }

        # Filter by Service Principal Name

        if ($SPN.Count -ge 1) {

            $BaseFilters += "|(servicePrincipalName={0})" -f ($SPN -join ')(servicePrincipalName=')

        }

        # Filter for hosts trusted for delegation.

        if ($TrustedForDelegation) {

            $BaseFilters += "userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288"

        }

        $BaseFilter = Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $BaseFilters

        $Identities = @()

    }

    process {

        # Pull in all the dynamic parameters (generated from get-dsobject)

        # as we might have values via pipeline we need to do this in the process block.

        if ($PSBoundParameters.Count -gt 0) {

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

        }

        $GetObjectParams = @{}

        $PSBoundParameters.Keys | Where-Object { ($Script:GetDSObjectParameters -contains $_) } | Foreach-Object {

            $GetObjectParams.$_ = $PSBoundParameters.$_

        }

        $GetObjectParams.BaseFilter = $BaseFilter

        $Identities += $Identity

    }

    end {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching with base filter: $BaseFilter"

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching for idenity: $($ID)"

            $GetObjectParams.Identity = $ID

            Get-DSObject @GetObjectParams

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSConfigPartitionObject {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSConfigPartitionObject.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [string]$SearchPath,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]

        [string[]]$Properties = @('Name','ADSPath'),

        [Parameter(Position = 4)]

        [ValidateSet('Subtree', 'OneLevel', 'Base')]

        [string]$SearchScope = 'Base'

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    process {

        $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

        if ($SearchPath) {

            Get-DSObject -SearchRoot "$SearchPath,$($rootDSE.configurationNamingContext)" -Properties $Properties -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential -SearchScope:$SearchScope

        }

        else {

            Get-DSObject -SearchRoot "$($rootDSE.configurationNamingContext)" -Properties $Properties -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential -SearchScope:$SearchScope

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSCurrentConnectedDomain {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSCurrentConnectedDomain.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

   if ($Script:CurrentDomain -ne $null) {

       return $Script:CurrentDomain

   }

   else {

       try {

           Get-DSDomain -UpdateCurrent

           return $Script:CurrentDomain

       }

       catch {

           Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Not connected to Active Directory, you need to run Connect-ActiveDirectory first."

       }

   }

}

function Get-DSCurrentConnectedForest {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSCurrentConnectedForest.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    if ($Script:CurrentForest -ne $null) {

        return $Script:CurrentForest

    }

    else {

        try {

            Get-DSForest -UpdateCurrent

            return $Script:CurrentForest

        }

        catch {

            Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Not connected to Active Directory, you need to run Connect-ActiveDirectory first."

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSCurrentConnectedSchema {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSCurrentConnectedSchema.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    if ($Script:CurrentSchema -ne $null) {

        return $Script:CurrentSchema

    }

    else {

        try {

            Get-DSSchema -UpdateCurrent

            return $Script:CurrentSchema

        }

        catch {

            Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Not connected to Active Directory, you need to run Connect-DSAD first."

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSCurrentConnectionStatus {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSCurrentConnectionStatus.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

   if (($Script:CurrentDomain -ne $null) -and ($Script:CurrentForest -ne $null)) {

       return $True

   }

   else {

       return $False

   }

}

function Get-DSDFS {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSDFS.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $DSParams = @{

        ComputerName = $ComputerName

        Credential = $Credential

    }

    $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

    $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

    $DFSDN = "CN=Dfs-Configuration,CN=System,$DomNamingContext"

    if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $DFSDN @DSParams)) {

        # process fTDfs first

        $DFSData = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $DFSDN @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=fTDfs' -Properties Name,distinguishedName,remoteServerName)

        Foreach ($DFSItem in $DFSData) {

            $DomDFSProps = @{

                objectClass = 'fTDfs'

                distinguishedName = $DFSItem.distinguishedName

                name = $DFSItem.Name

                remoteServerName = $DFSItem.remoteServerName -replace ('\*',"")

            }

            New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $DomDFSProps

        }

        # process msDFS-NamespaceAnchor next

        $DFSData = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $DFSDN @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDFS-NamespaceAnchor' -Properties  Name,distinguishedName,'msDFS-SchemaMajorVersion',whenCreated)

        Foreach ($DFSItem in $DFSData) {

            $DomDFSProps = @{

                name = $DFSItem.Name

                objectClass = 'msDFS-NamespaceAnchor'

                'msDFS-SchemaMajorVersion' = $DFSItem.'msDFS-SchemaMajorVersion'

                whenCreated = $DFSItem.whenCreated

            }

            $DFSItemMembers = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $DFSItem.distinguishedName @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDFS-Namespacev2' -IncludeAllProperties)

            $DFSItemMembers | ForEach-Object {

                $ItemMemberLinks = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $_.distinguishedName @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDFS-Linkv2' -IncludeAllProperties)

                $_ | Add-Member -MemberType:NoteProperty -Name 'DFSItemLinks' -Value $ItemMemberLinks

            }

            $DomDFSProps.ItemMembers = $DFSItemMembers

            New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $DomDFSProps

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSDFSR {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSDFSR.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $DSParams = @{

        ComputerName = $ComputerName

        Credential = $Credential

    }

    $DFSGroupTopologyProps = @( 'Name', 'distinguishedName', 'msDFSR-ComputerReference')

    $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

    $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

    $DFSRDN = "CN=DFSR-GlobalSettings,CN=System,$DomNamingContext"

    if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $DFSRDN @DSParams)) {

        $DFSRGroups = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $DFSRDN @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDFSR-ReplicationGroup' -Properties 'Name','distinguishedName')

        Foreach ($DFSRGroup in $DFSRGroups) {

            $DFSRGC = @()

            $DFSRGTop = @()

            $DFSRGroupContentDN = "CN=Content,$($DFSRGroup.distinguishedName)"

            $DFSRGroupTopologyDN = "CN=Topology,$($DFSRGroup.distinguishedName)"

            $DFSRGroupContent = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $DFSRGroupContentDN @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDFSR-ContentSet' -Properties 'Name')

            $DFSRGC = @($DFSRGroupContent | ForEach-Object {$_.Name})

            $DFSRGroupTopology = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $DFSRGroupTopologyDN @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDFSR-Member' -Properties $DFSGroupTopologyProps)

            foreach ($DFSRGroupTopologyItem in $DFSRGroupTopology) {

                $DFSRServerName = Get-ADPathName $DFSRGroupTopologyItem.'msDFSR-ComputerReference' -GetElement 0 -ValuesOnly

                $DFSRGTop += [string]$DFSRServerName

            }

            $DomDFSRProps = @{

                Name = $DFSRGroup.Name

                Content = $DFSRGC

                RemoteServerName = $DFSRGTop

            }

            New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $DomDFSRProps

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSDirectoryContext {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSDirectoryContext.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]

        [ValidateSet('ApplicationPartition','ConfigurationSet','DirectoryServer','Domain','Forest')]

        [Alias('Type','Context')]

        [string]$ContextType = 'Domain',

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Name','Domain','Forest','DomainName','ForestName')]

        [string]$ContextName

    )

    Begin {

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $ADConnectState = Get-CredentialState -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName

        $SplitCreds = Split-Credential -Credential $Credential

    }

    Process {

       switch ($ContextType) {

            'Domain' {

                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ContextName)) {

                    if ($Script:CurrentDomain -ne $null) {

                        $ContextName = ($Script:CurrentDomain).Name

                    }

                    else {

                        $ContextName = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetCurrentDomain()

                    }

                }

                $ArgumentList = $ContextType,$ContextName

            }

            'Forest' {

                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ContextName)) {

                    if ($Script:CurrentForest -ne $null) {

                        $ContextName = ($Script:CurrentForest).Name

                    }

                    else {

                        $ContextName = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetCurrentforest()

                    }

                }

                $ArgumentList = $ContextType,$ContextName

            }

            'DirectoryServer' {

                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($ContextName)) {

                    if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($Script:CurrentServer)) {

                        throw "$($FunctionName): No currently connected server and no context name was passed, cannot create a DirectoryContext as a DirectoryServer"

                    }

                    else {

                        $ContextName = $Script:CurrentServer

                    }

                }

                $ArgumentList = $ContextType,$ContextName

            }

            Default { $ArgumentList = $ContextType }

        }

        switch ( $ADConnectState ) {

            'AltUserAndServer' {

                $ArgumentList += "$($SplitCreds.Domain)\$($SplitCreds.UserName)", $SplitCreds.Password

            }

            'AltUser' {

                $ArgumentList += "$($SplitCreds.Domain)\$($SplitCreds.UserName)", $SplitCreds.Password

            }

        }

        New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.DirectoryContext -ArgumentList $ArgumentList

    }

}

function Get-DSDirectoryEntry {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSDirectoryEntry.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]

        [Alias('DN')]

        [string]$DistinguishedName,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $true, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]

        [ValidateSet('LDAP', 'GC')]

        [string]$PathType = 'LDAP'

    )

    Begin {

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        # Managed DN includes path type. (performing case insensitive starts with check)

        if ($DistinguishedName.StartsWith('LDAP',$true,$null)) {

            $PathType = 'LDAP'

            $DistinguishedName = $DistinguishedName.Split('://')[3]

        }

        if ($DistinguishedName.StartsWith('GC',$true,$null)) {

            $PathType = 'GC'

            $DistinguishedName = $DistinguishedName.Split('://')[3]

        }

        $ADConnectState = Get-CredentialState -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName

        $SplitCreds = Split-Credential -Credential $Credential

    }

    Process {

        switch ( $ADConnectState ) {

            'AltUserAndServer' {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Alternate user and server."

                if ($DistinguishedName){

                    $fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($ComputerName)/$($DistinguishedName)"

                }

                else {

                    $fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($ComputerName)"

                }

                New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList @($fullPath, "$($SplitCreds.Domain)\$($SplitCreds.UserName)", $SplitCreds.Password)

            }

            'AltUser' {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Alternate user = $($SplitCreds.Domain)\$($SplitCreds.UserName)"

                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DistinguishedName)) {

                    $fullpath = ''

                }

                else {

                    $fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($DistinguishedName)"

                }

                #$fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($DistinguishedName)"

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Full path = $fullPath"

                New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList @($fullPath, "$($SplitCreds.Domain)\$($SplitCreds.UserName)", $SplitCreds.Password)

            }

            'CurrentUserAltServer' {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Current user, alternate server."

                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DistinguishedName)) {

                    $fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($ComputerName)"

                }

                else {

                    $fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($ComputerName)/$($DistinguishedName)"

                }

                New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList @($fullPath)

            }

            'CurrentUser' {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Current user."

                if ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DistinguishedName)) {

                    New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry

                }

                else {

                    $fullPath = "$($PathType.ToUpper())://$($DistinguishedName)"

                    New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry -ArgumentList @($fullPath)

                }

            }

            Default {

                Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Unable to connect to AD!"

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSDirectorySearcher {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSDirectorySearcher.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher])]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('SizeLimit')]

        [int]$Limit = 0,

        [Parameter()]

        [string]$SearchRoot,

        [Parameter()]

        [string]$Filter = 'distinguishedName=*',

        [Parameter()]

        [string[]]$Properties = @('Name','ADSPath'),

        [Parameter()]

        [int]$PageSize = $Script:PageSize,

        [Parameter()]

        [ValidateSet('Subtree', 'OneLevel', 'Base')]

        [string]$SearchScope = 'Subtree',

        [Parameter()]

        [ValidateSet('None', 'Dacl', 'Group', 'Owner', 'Sacl')]

        [string]$SecurityMask = 'None',

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$TombStone

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $ADConnectState = Get-CredentialState -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName

        # Get the list of parameters for the command

        $PassedParams = @{}

        foreach($p in @((Get-Command -Name $PSCmdlet.MyInvocation.InvocationName).Parameters).Values ) {

            if ($Script:CommonParameters -notcontains $p.Name) {

                $PassedParams.($p.Name) = (Get-Variable -Name $p.Name -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue).Value

            }

        }

        $Script:LastSearchSetting = new-object psobject -Property $PassedParams

    }

    process {

        switch ( $ADConnectState ) {

            { @('AltUserAndServer', 'CurrentUserAltServer', 'AltUser') -contains $_ } {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Alternate user and/or server (State = $ADConnectState)"

                if ($searchRoot.Length -gt 0) {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): searchRoot defined as $searchRoot"

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -ComputerName $ComputerName -DistinguishedName $searchRoot -Credential $Credential

                }

                else {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

                }

            }

            'CurrentUser' {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Current user."

                if ($searchRoot.Length -gt 0) {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName $searchRoot

                }

                else {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry

                }

            }

            Default {

                Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Unable to connect to AD!"

            }

        }

        $objSearcher = New-Object -TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher -ArgumentList @($domObj, $Filter, $Properties) -Property @{

            PageSize = $PageSize

            SearchScope = $SearchScope

            Tombstone = $TombStone

            SecurityMasks = [System.DirectoryServices.SecurityMasks]$SecurityMask

            CacheResults = $false

        }

        if ($SizeLimit -ne 0) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Limiting search results to $Limit"

            $objSearcher.SizeLimit = $Limit

        }

        $objSearcher

    }

}

function Get-DSDomain {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSDomain.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position=0,ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]

        [Alias('Name','Domain','DomainName')]

        [string]$Identity = ($Script:CurrentDomain).name,

        [Parameter( Position=1 )]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter( Position=2 )]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter( Position=3 )]

        [switch]$UpdateCurrent

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    Process {

        try {

            $context = Get-DSDirectoryContext -ContextType 'Domain' -ContextName $DomainName -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

            $DomainObject = [DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Domain]::GetDomain($context)

            $RootDN = "DC=$(($DomainObject.Name).replace('.',',DC='))"

            $DEObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName $RootDN -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

            $Sid = (New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($DEObj.objectSid.value,0)).value

            $guid = "$([guid]($DEObj.objectguid.Value))"

            Add-Member -InputObject $DomainObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Sid' -Value $Sid

            Add-Member -InputObject $DomainObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Guid' -Value $guid

            if ($UpdateCurrent) {

                $Script:CurrentDomain = $DomainObject

            }

            else {

                $DomainObject

            }

        }

        catch {

            throw

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSExchangeFederation {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSExchangeFederation.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $ExchangeConfig = @(Get-DSExchangeSchemaVersion @DSParams)

        if ($ExchangeConfig -eq $null) {

            # Exchange isn't in the environment

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): No exchange environment found."

            return $null

        }

        $Props_ExchOrgs = @(

            'distinguishedName',

            'Name'

        )

        $Props_ExchFeds = @(

            'Name',

            'msExchFedIsEnabled',

            'msExchFedDomainNames',

            'msExchFedEnabledActions',

            'msExchFedTargetApplicationURI',

            'msExchFedTargetAutodiscoverEPR',

            'msExchVersion'

        )

        $ConfigNamingContext = (Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams).configurationNamingContext

        $Path_ExchangeOrg = "LDAP://CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,$($ConfigNamingContext)"

        $ExchangeFederations = @()

    }

    end {

        if (Test-DSObjectPath -Path $Path_ExchangeOrg @DSParams) {

            $ExchOrgs = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectClass=msExchOrganizationContainer' -SearchRoot $Path_ExchangeOrg -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties $Props_ExchOrgs @DSParams)

            ForEach ($ExchOrg in $ExchOrgs) {

                $ExchServers = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectCategory=msExchExchangeServer' -SearchRoot $ExchOrg.distinguishedname  -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties $Props_ExchServers  @DSParams)

                # Get all found Exchange federations

                $ExchangeFeds = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectCategory=msExchFedSharingRelationship' -SearchRoot "LDAP://CN=Federation,$([string]$ExchOrg.distinguishedname)"  -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties $Props_ExchFeds)

                Foreach ($ExchFed in $ExchangeFeds) {

                    New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                        Organization = $ExchOrg.Name

                        Name = $ExchFed.Name

                        Enabled = $ExchFed.msExchFedIsEnabled

                        Domains = @($ExchFed.msExchFedDomainNames)

                        AllowedActions = @($ExchFed.msExchFedEnabledActions)

                        TargetAppURI = $ExchFed.msExchFedTargetApplicationURI

                        TargetAutodiscoverEPR = $ExchFed.msExchFedTargetAutodiscoverEPR

                        ExchangeVersion = $ExchFed.msExchVersion

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        else {

            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Exchange found in schema but nothing found in services path - $Path_ExchangeOrg"

            return $null

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSExchangeSchemaVersion {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSExchangeSchemaVersion.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    process {

        try {

            $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

            $RangeUpper = (Get-DSObject -SearchRoot "CN=ms-Exch-Schema-Version-Pt,CN=Schema,$($rootDSE.configurationNamingContext)" -Properties 'rangeUpper' -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential).rangeUpper

            if (($Script:SchemaVersionTable).Keys -contains $RangeUpper) {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Exchange schema version found."

                $Script:SchemaVersionTable[$RangeUpper]

            }

            else {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Exchange schema version not in our list."

                $RangeUpper

            }

        }

        catch {

            return $null

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSExchangeServer {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSExchangeServer.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $ExchangeConfig = @(Get-DSExchangeSchemaVersion @DSParams)

        if ($ExchangeConfig -eq $null) {

            # Exchange isn't in the environment

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): No exchange environment found."

            return $null

        }

        $Props_ExchOrgs = @(

            'distinguishedName',

            'Name'

        )

        $Props_ExchServers = @(

            'adspath',

            'Name',

            'msexchserversite',

            'msexchcurrentserverroles',

            'adminDisplayName',

            'whencreated',

            'serialnumber',

            'msexchproductid'

        )

        $ConfigNamingContext = (Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams).configurationNamingContext

        $Path_ExchangeOrg = "LDAP://CN=Microsoft Exchange,CN=Services,$($ConfigNamingContext)"

    }

    end {

        if (Test-DSObjectPath -Path $Path_ExchangeOrg @DSParams) {

            $ExchOrgs = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectClass=msExchOrganizationContainer' -SearchRoot $Path_ExchangeOrg -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties $Props_ExchOrgs @DSParams)

            ForEach ($ExchOrg in $ExchOrgs) {

                $ExchServers = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectCategory=msExchExchangeServer' -SearchRoot $ExchOrg.distinguishedname  -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties $Props_ExchServers  @DSParams)

                # Get all found Exchange server information

                ForEach ($ExchServer in $ExchServers) {

                    $AdminGroup = Get-ADPathName $ExchServer.adspath -GetElement 2 -ValuesOnly

                    $ExchSite =  Get-ADPathName $ExchServer.msexchserversite -GetElement 0 -ValuesOnly

                    $ExchRole = $ExchServer.msexchcurrentserverroles

                    # only have two roles in Exchange 2013 so we process a bit differently

                    if ($ExchServer.serialNumber -like "Version 15*") {

                        switch ($ExchRole) {

                            '54' {

                                $ExchRole = 'MAILBOX'

                            }

                            '16385' {

                                $ExchRole = 'CAS'

                            }

                            '16439' {

                                $ExchRole = 'MAILBOX, CAS'

                            }

                        }

                    }

                    else {

                        if($ExchRole -ne 0) {

                            $ExchRole = [Enum]::Parse('MSExchCurrentServerRolesFlags', $ExchRole)

                        }

                    }

                    New-Object -TypeName PSObject -Property @{

                        Organization = $ExchOrg.Name

                        AdminGroup = $AdminGroup

                        Name = $ExchServer.adminDisplayName

                        Role = $ExchRole

                        Site = $ExchSite

                        Created = $ExchServer.whencreated

                        Serial = $ExchServer.serialnumber

                        ProductID = $ExchServer.msexchproductid

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        else {

            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Exchange found in schema but nothing found in services path - $Path_ExchangeOrg"

            return $null

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSForest {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSForest.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter( Position=0, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True )]

        [Alias('Name','Forest','ForestName')]

        [string]$Identity = ($Script:CurrentForest).name,

        [Parameter( Position=1 )]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter( Position=2 )]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$UpdateCurrent

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    Process {

        $context = Get-DSDirectoryContext -ContextType 'Forest' -ContextName $Identity -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

        $ForestObject = [DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.Forest]::GetForest($context)

        $RootDN = "DC=$(($ForestObject.Name).replace('.',',DC='))"

        $DEObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName $RootDN -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

        $Sid = (New-Object -TypeName System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier($DEObj.objectSid.value,0)).value

        Add-Member -InputObject $ForestObject -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Sid' -Value $Sid

        $ForestSid = (New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($ForestObject.RootDomain,"krbtgt")).Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value

        $Parts = $ForestSid -Split "-"

        $ForestSid = $Parts[0..$($Parts.length-2)] -join "-"

        $ForestObject | Add-Member NoteProperty 'RootDomainSid' $ForestSid

        if ($UpdateCurrent) {

            $Script:CurrentForest = $ForestObject

        }

        else {

            $ForestObject

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSForestTrust {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSForestTrust.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position=0, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]

        [Alias('Name','Forest','ForestName')]

        [string]$Identity = ($Script:CurrentForest).name,

        [Parameter(Position=1)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position=2)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    Process {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Attempting to get forest trusts for $Identity."

        (Get-DSForest -Identity $Identity -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential).GetAllTrustRelationships()

    }

}

function Get-DSFRS {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSFRS.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $DSParams = @{

        ComputerName = $ComputerName

        Credential = $Credential

    }

    $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

    $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

    $FRSDN = "CN=File Replication Service,CN=System,$DomNamingContext"

    $FRSReplicaSetProps = @( 'name', 'distinguishedName', 'fRSReplicaSetType', 'fRSFileFilter', 'whenCreated')

    $FRSReplicaSetItemProps = @( 'name', 'distinguishedName', 'frsComputerReference', 'whenCreated')

    if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $FRSDN @DSParams)) {

        $FRSReplicaSets = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $FRSDN @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=nTFRSReplicaSet' -Properties $FRSReplicaSetProps)

        Foreach ($FRSReplicaSet in $FRSReplicaSets) {

            $FRSProps = @{

               FRSReplicaSetName = $FRSReplicaSet.name

               FRSReplicaSetType = $FRSReplicaSet.fRSReplicaSetType

               FRSFileFilter = $FRSReplicaSet.fRSFileFilter

               FRSReplicaWhenCreated = $FRSReplicaSet.whenCreated

            }

            $FRSProps.ReplicaSetItems = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $FRSReplicaSet.distinguishedName @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=nTFRSMember' -Properties $FRSReplicaSetItemProps)

            New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property $FRSProps

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSGPO {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSGPO.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding=$false)]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [string[]]$UserExtension,

        [Parameter()]

        [string[]]$MachineExtension

    )

    DynamicParam {

        # Create dictionary

        New-ProxyFunction -CommandName 'Get-DSObject' -CommandType 'Function'

    }

    begin {

        # Function initialization

        if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

            Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        }

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        # Build our base filter (overwrites any dynamic parameter sent base filter)

        $BaseFilters = @('objectCategory=groupPolicyContainer')

        # Filter on User Extension Filter.

        if ($UserExtension) {

            $LDAPFilters += "|(gpcuserextensionnames=*{0})" -f ($UserExtension -join '*)(gpcuserextensionnames=*')

        }

        # Filter on Machine Extension Filter.

        if ($MachineExtension) {

            $LDAPFilters += "|(gpcmachineextensionnames=*{0})" -f ($UserExtension -join '*)(gpcmachineextensionnames=*')

        }

        $BaseFilter = Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $BaseFilters

        $Identities = @()

    }

    process {

        # Pull in all the dynamic parameters (generated from get-dsobject)

        # as we might have values via pipeline we need to do this in the process block.

        if ($PSBoundParameters.Count -gt 0) {

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

        }

        $GetObjectParams = @{}

        $PSBoundParameters.Keys | Where-Object { ($Script:GetDSObjectParameters -contains $_) } | Foreach-Object {

            $GetObjectParams.$_ = $PSBoundParameters.$_

        }

        $GetObjectParams.BaseFilter = $BaseFilter

        $Identities += $Identity

    }

    end {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching with base filter: $BaseFilter"

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching for idenity: $($ID)"

            $GetObjectParams.Identity = $ID

            Get-DSObject @GetObjectParams

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSGroup {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSGroup.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding=$false)]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [ValidateSet('Security','Distribution')]

        [string]$Category,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$AdminCount,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$Empty

    )

    DynamicParam {

        # Create dictionary

        New-ProxyFunction -CommandName 'Get-DSObject' -CommandType 'Function'

    }

    begin {

        # Function initialization

        if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

            Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        }

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        # Build our base filter (overwrites any dynamic parameter sent base filter)

        $BaseFilters = @('objectCategory=Group')

        # Filter by category

        if ($Category) {

            switch ($category) {

                'Distribution' {

                    $BaseFilters += '!(groupType:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2147483648)'

                }

                'Security' {

                    $BaseFilters += 'groupType:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2147483648'

                }

            }

        }

        # Filter for accounts who have an adcmicount filed higher than 0.

        if ($AdminCount) {

            $BaseFilters += "admincount>=1"

        }

        if ($Empty) {

            $BaseFilters += "!(member=*)"

        }

        $BaseFilter = Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $BaseFilters

        $Identities = @()

    }

    process {

        # Pull in all the dynamic parameters (generated from get-dsobject)

        # as we might have values via pipeline we need to do this in the process block.

        if ($PSBoundParameters.Count -gt 0) {

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

        }

        $GetObjectParams = @{}

        $PSBoundParameters.Keys | Where-Object { ($Script:GetDSObjectParameters -contains $_) } | Foreach-Object {

            $GetObjectParams.$_ = $PSBoundParameters.$_

        }

        $GetObjectParams.BaseFilter = $BaseFilter

        $Identities += $Identity

    }

    end {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching with base filter: $BaseFilter"

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching for idenity: $($ID)"

            $GetObjectParams.Identity = $ID

            Get-DSObject @GetObjectParams

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSGroupMember {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSGroupMember.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding=$false)]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$Recurse

    )

    DynamicParam {

        # Create dictionary

        New-ProxyFunction -CommandName 'Get-DSObject' -CommandType 'Function'

    }

    begin {

        # Function initialization

        if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

            Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        }

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $Identities = @()

    }

    process {

        # Pull in all the dynamic parameters (generated from get-dsobject)

        # as we might have values via pipeline we need to do this in the process block.

        if ($PSBoundParameters.Count -gt 0) {

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

        }

        $GetObjectParams = @{}

        $PSBoundParameters.Keys | Where-Object { ($Script:GetDSObjectParameters -contains $_) } | Foreach-Object {

            $GetObjectParams.$_ = $PSBoundParameters.$_

        }

        $GetMemberParams = $GetObjectParams.Clone()

        $GetMemberParams.Identity = $null

        $Identities += $Identity

    }

    end {

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching for group: $ID"

            $GetObjectParams.Identity = $ID

            $OriginalProperties = $GetObjectParams.Properties

            $GetObjectParams.Properties = 'distinguishedname'

            try {

                $GroupDN = (Get-DSGroup @GetObjectParams).distinguishedname

                if ($Recurse) {

                    $GetMemberParams.BaseFilter += "memberof:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:=$GroupDN"

                }

                else {

                    $GetMemberParams.BaseFilter += "memberof=$GroupDN"

                }

                Get-DSObject @GetMemberParams

            }

            catch {

                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to find group with ID of $ID"

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSGUIDMap {

<#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSGUIDMap.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    $GUIDs = @{'00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000' = 'All'}

    $SchemaPath = (Get-DSCurrentConnectedForest).schema.name

    $SchemaSearcher = Get-DSDirectorySearcher -Filter "(schemaIDGUID=*)" -SearchRoot $SchemaPath -Properties * -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

    $SchemaSearcher.FindAll() | Foreach-Object {

        # convert the GUID

        $GUIDs[(New-Object Guid (,$_.properties.schemaidguid[0])).Guid] = $_.properties.name[0]

    }

    $RightsPath = $SchemaPath.replace("Schema","Extended-Rights")

    $RightsSearcher = Get-DSDirectorySearcher -Filter "(objectClass=controlAccessRight)" -SearchRoot $RightsPath  -Properties * -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

    $RightsSearcher.FindAll() | ForEach-Object {

        # convert the GUID

        $GUIDs[$_.properties.rightsguid[0].toString()] = $_.properties.name[0]

    }

    $GUIDs

}

function Get-DSLastLDAPFilter {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSLastLDAPFilter.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    begin {

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    process {

        return ($Script:LastSearchSetting).Filter

    }

}

function Get-DSLastSearchSetting {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSLastSearchSetting.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    begin {

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    process {

        return $Script:LastSearchSetting

    }

}

function Get-DSObject {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSObject.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    [OutputType([object],[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry],[System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher])]

    param(

        [Parameter( position = 0 , ValueFromPipeline = $True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName = $True, HelpMessage='Object to retreive. Accepts distinguishedname, GUID, and samAccountName.')]

        [Alias('User', 'Name', 'sAMAccountName', 'distinguishedName')]

        [string]$Identity,

        [Parameter( position = 1, HelpMessage='Domain controller to use for this search.' )]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Credentials to connect with.' )]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Limit results. If zero there is no limit.')]

        [Alias('SizeLimit')]

        [int]$Limit = 0,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Root path to search.')]

        [string]$SearchRoot,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='LDAP filters to use.')]

        [string[]]$Filter,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Immutable base ldap filter to use.')]

        [string]$BaseFilter,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='LDAP properties to return')]

        [string[]]$Properties = @('Name','ADSPath'),

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Page size for larger results.')]

        [int]$PageSize = $Script:PageSize,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Type of search.')]

        [ValidateSet('Subtree', 'OneLevel', 'Base')]

        [string]$SearchScope = 'Subtree',

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Security mask for search.')]

        [ValidateSet('None', 'Dacl', 'Group', 'Owner', 'Sacl')]

        [string]$SecurityMask = 'None',

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Include tombstone objects.')]

        [switch]$TombStone,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Use logical OR instead of AND for custom LDAP filters.')]

        [switch]$ChangeLogicOrder,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Only include objects modified after this date.')]

        [datetime]$ModifiedAfter,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Only include objects modified before this date.')]

        [datetime]$ModifiedBefore,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Only include objects created after this date.')]

        [datetime]$CreatedAfter,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Only include objects created before this date.')]

        [datetime]$CreatedBefore,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Do not joine attribute values in output.')]

        [switch]$DontJoinAttributeValues,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Include all properties that have a value')]

        [switch]$IncludeAllProperties,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Include null property values')]

        [switch]$IncludeNullProperties,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Expand useraccountcontroll property (if it exists).')]

        [switch]$ExpandUAC,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='Do no property transformations in output.')]

        [switch]$Raw,

        [Parameter(HelpMessage='How you want the results to be returned.')]

        [ValidateSet('psobject', 'directoryentry', 'searcher')]

        [string]$ResultsAs = 'psobject'

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    }

    Process {

        $SearcherParams = Get-CommonSearcherParams `

            -Identity $Identity `

            -ComputerName $ComputerName `

            -Credential $Credential `

            -Limit $Limit `

            -SearchRoot $SearchRoot `

            -Filter $Filter `

            -BaseFilter $BaseFilter `

            -Properties $Properties `

            -PageSize $PageSize `

            -SearchScope $SearchScope `

            -SecurityMask $SecurityMask `

            -TombStone $TombStone `

            -ChangeLogicOrder $ChangeLogicOrder `

            -ModifiedAfter $ModifiedAfter `

            -ModifiedBefore $ModifiedBefore `

            -CreatedAfter $CreatedAfter `

            -CreatedBefore $CreatedBefore `

            -IncludeAllProperties $IncludeAllProperties `

            -IncludeNullProperties $IncludeNullProperties

        # Store for later reference

        try {

            $objSearcher = Get-DSDirectorySearcher @SearcherParams

        }

        catch {

            throw $_

        }

        switch ($ResultsAs) {

            'directoryentry' {

                $objSearcher.findall() | Foreach {

                    $_.GetDirectoryEntry()

                }

            }

            'searcher' {

                $objSearcher.findall()

            }

            'psobject' {

                $objSearcher.findall() | ForEach-Object {

                    $ObjectProps = @{}

                    $_.Properties.GetEnumerator() | Foreach-Object {

                        $Val = @($_.Value)

                        $Prop = $_.Name

                        if ($Prop -ne $null) {

                            if (-not $Raw) {

                                switch ($Prop) {

                                    'objectguid' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting objectguid"

                                        $Val = [guid]$Val[0]

                                    }

                                { @( 'objectsid', 'sidhistory' ) -contains $_ } {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting $Prop"

                                        $Val = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier $Val[0], 0

                                    }

                                    'lastlogontimestamp' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting lastlogontimestamp"

                                        $Val = [datetime]::FromFileTimeUtc($Val[0])

                                    }

                                    'ntsecuritydescriptor' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting ntsecuritydescriptor"

                                        $Val = (New-Object System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectorySecurity).SetSecurityDescriptorBinaryForm($Val[0])

                                    }

                                    'usercertificate' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting usercertificate"

                                        $Val = foreach ($cert in $Val) {[Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2]$cert}

                                    }

                                    'accountexpires' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting accountexpires"

                                        try {

                                            if (($Val[0] -eq 0) -or ($Val[0] -gt [DateTime]::MaxValue.Ticks)) {

                                                $Val = '<Never>'

                                            }

                                            else {

                                                $Val = ([DateTime]$exval).AddYears(1600).ToLocalTime()

                                            }

                                        }

                                        catch {

                                            $Val = '<Never>'

                                        }

                                    }

                                    { @('pwdlastset', 'lastlogon', 'badpasswordtime') -contains $_ } {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting $Prop"

                                        $Val = [dateTime]::FromFileTime($Val[0])

                                    }

                                    'objectClass' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Storing objectClass in case we need it for later."

                                        $objClass = $Val | Select-Object -Last 1

                                    }

                                    'Useraccountcontrol' {

                                        if ($ExpandUAC) {

                                            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Expanding $Prop = $Val"

                                            $Val = Convert-DSUACProperty -UACProperty ([string]($Val[0]))

                                        }

                                        else {

                                            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Leaving $Prop in the default format."

                                        }

                                    }

                                    'grouptype' {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Changing $Prop into additional properties, groupcategory and groupscope"

                                        switch ($Val[0]) {

                                            2 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Distribution')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Global')

                                            }

                                            4 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Distribution')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Local')

                                            }

                                            8 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Distribution')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Universal')

                                            }

                                            -2147483646 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Security')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Global')

                                            }

                                            -2147483644 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Security')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Local')

                                            }

                                            -2147483640 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Security')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Global')

                                            }

                                            -2147483643 {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory','Security')

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope','Builtin')

                                            }

                                            Default {

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupCategory',$null)

                                                $ObjectProps.Add('GroupScope',$null)

                                            }

                                        }

                                    }

                                    { @('gpcmachineextensionnames','gpcuserextensionnames') -contains $_ } {

                                        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Reformatting $Prop"

                                        $Val = Convert-DSCSE -CSEString $Val[0]

                                    }

                                    Default {

                                        # try to convert misc objects as best we can

                                        if ($Val[0] -is [System.Byte[]]) {

                                            try {

                                                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Attempting reformatting of System.Byte[] - $Prop"

                                                $Val = Convert-ArrayToGUID $Val[0]

                                                [Int32]$High = $Temp.GetType().InvokeMember("HighPart", [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::GetProperty, $null, $Val[0], $null)

                                                [Int32]$Low  = $Temp.GetType().InvokeMember("LowPart",  [System.Reflection.BindingFlags]::GetProperty, $null, $Val[0], $null)

                                                $Val = [Int64]("0x{0:x8}{1:x8}" -f $High, $Low)

                                            }

                                            catch {

                                                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Unable to  reformat System.Byte[] - $Prop"

                                            }

                                        }

                                    }

                                }

                            }

                            if ($DontJoinAttributeValues -and ($Val.Count -gt 1)) {

                                $ObjectProps.Add($Prop,$Val)

                            }

                            else {

                                $ObjectProps.Add($Prop,($Val -join ';'))

                            }

                        }

                    }

                    # Only return results that have more than 0 properties

                    if ($ObjectProps.psbase.keys.count -ge 1) {

                        # if we include all or even null properties then we poll the schema for our object's possible properties

                        if ($IncludeAllProperties -or $IncludeNullProperties) {

                            if (-not ($Script:__ad_schema_info.ContainsKey($ObjClass))) {

                                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Storing schema attributes for $ObjClass for the first time"

                                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Object class being queried for in the schema = $objClass"

                                ($Script:__ad_schema_info).$ObjClass = @(((Get-DSCurrentConnectedSchema).FindClass($objClass)).OptionalProperties).Name

                            }

                            else {

                                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): $ObjClass schema properties already loaded"

                            }

                            if ($IncludeAllProperties -and $IncludeNullProperties) {

                                ($Script:__ad_schema_info).$ObjClass | Foreach {

                                    if (-not ($ObjectProps.ContainsKey($_))) {

                                        # If the property exists in the schema but not in the searcher results

                                        # then it gets assigned a null value.

                                        $ObjectProps.$_ = $null

                                    }

                                }

                            }

                            elseif ($IncludeNullProperties) {

                                ($Script:__ad_schema_info).$ObjClass | Where {$Properties -contains $_}| Foreach {

                                    if (-not ($ObjectProps.ContainsKey($_))) {

                                        # If the property exists in the schema and our passed properties but not in

                                        # the searcher results then it gets assigned a null value.

                                        # This eliminates properties that may get passed by a user but that

                                        # don't exist on object.

                                        $ObjectProps.$_ = $null

                                    }

                                }

                            }

                        }

                        if (-not $IncludeAllProperties) {

                            # We only want to return properties that actually exist on the object

                            $Properties2 = $Properties | Where {$ObjectProps.ContainsKey($_)}

                        }

                        else {

                            # Or all the properties

                            $Properties2 = '*'

                        }

                        if ($null -ne $Properties2) {

                            New-Object PSObject -Property $ObjectProps | Select-Object $Properties2

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

    end {

        # Avoid memory leaks

        $objSearcher.dispose()

    }

}

function Get-DSOCSSchemaVersion {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSOCSSchemaVersion.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

        $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

        $ConfigContext = $RootDSE.configurationNamingContext

    }

    end {

        # First get the schema version

        if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path "CN=ms-RTC-SIP-SchemaVersion,$((Get-DSSchema).Name)" @DSParams)) {

            $RangeUpper = (Get-DSObject -SearchRoot "CN=ms-RTC-SIP-SchemaVersion,$((Get-DSSchema).Name)" -Properties 'rangeUpper' -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential).rangeUpper

            if (($Script:SchemaVersionTable).Keys -contains $RangeUpper) {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): OCS/Skype/Lync schema version found."

                $OCSVersion = $Script:SchemaVersionTable[$RangeUpper]

            }

            else {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): OCS/Skype/Lync schema version not in our list!"

                $OCSVersion = $RangeUpper

            }

            # Config partition lookup, domain naming context

            $OCSDNPSearch = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectclass=msRTCSIP-Service' -SearchRoot $DomNamingContext -SearchScope:SubTree @DSParams)

            if ($OCSDNPSearch.count -ge 1) {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Configuration found installed to the system partition"

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    Version = $OCSVersion

                    Partition = 'System'

                    ConfigPath = ($OCSDNPSearch[0]).adspath

                }

            }

            # Config partition lookup, configuration naming context

            $OCSCPSearch = @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectclass=msRTCSIP-Service' -SearchRoot $ConfigContext -SearchScope:SubTree @DSParams)

            if ($OCSCPSearch.count -ge 1) {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Configuration found installed to the configuration partition"

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    Version = $OCSVersion

                    Partition = 'Configuration'

                    ConfigPath = ($OCSCPSearch[0]).adspath

                }

            }

        }

        else {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): OCS/Skype/Lync not found in schema."

            New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                Version = 'Not Installed'

                Partition = $null

                ConfigPath = $null

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSOCSTopology {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSOCSTopology.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $OCSConfig = @(Get-DSOCSSchemaVersion @DSParams)

        if ($OCSConfig[0].ConfigPath -eq $null) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): OCS/Lync/Skype not found in environment."

            return

        }

    }

    end {

        ForEach ($Config in $OCSConfig) {

            $Version = $Config.Version

            $Partition = $Config.Partition

            $ConfigPath = $Config.ConfigPath

            # All internal servers

            @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectClass=msRTCSIP-TrustedServer' -SearchRoot $ConfigPath -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties 'msrtcsip-trustedserverfqdn','Name','cn','adspath' @DSParams) | Sort-Object msrtcsip-trustedserverfqdn | ForEach-Object {

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    Partition = $Partition

                    Path = $_.adspath

                    CN = $_.cn

                    Type = 'Server'

                    Role = 'Internal'

                    Name = $_.Name

                    FQDN = $_.'msrtcsip-trustedserverfqdn'

                }

            }

            # All edge servers

            @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectClass=msRTCSIP-EdgeProxy' -SearchRoot $ConfigPath -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties 'msrtcsip-edgeproxyfqdn','Name','cn' @DSParams) | Sort-Object msrtcsip-edgeproxyfqdn | ForEach-Object {

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    Partition = $Partition

                    Path = $_.adspath

                    CN = $_.cn

                    Type = 'Server'

                    Role = 'Edge'

                    Name = $_.Name

                    FQDN = $_.'msrtcsip-edgeproxyfqdn'

                }

            }

                # All global topology servers

            @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectClass=msRTCSIP-GlobalTopologySetting' -SearchRoot $ConfigPath -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties 'msrtcsip-backendserver','Name','cn','adspath' @DSParams) | Sort-Object msrtcsip-backendserver | ForEach-Object {

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    Partition = $Partition

                    Path = $_.adspath

                    CN = $_.cn

                    Type = 'Server'

                    Role = 'Topology'

                    Name = $_.Name

                    FQDN = $_.'msrtcsip-backendserver'

                }

            }

            # All pools

            @(Get-DSObject -Filter 'objectClass=msRTCSIP-Pool' -SearchRoot $ConfigPath -SearchScope:SubTree -Properties 'msrtcsip-pooldisplayname','dnshostname','cn','adspath' @DSParams) | Sort-Object msrtcsip-pooldisplayname | ForEach-Object {

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    Partition = $Partition

                    Path = $_.adspath

                    CN = $_.cn

                    Type = 'Pool'

                    Role = 'Pool'

                    Name = $_.'msrtcsip-pooldisplayname'

                    FQDN = $_.dnshostname

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSOptionalFeatures {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSOptionalFeatures.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

        $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

        $ConfigPathContext = "CN=Optional Features,CN=Directory Service,CN=Windows NT,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,$DomNamingContext"

    }

    end {

        if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $ConfigPathContext @DSParams)) {

            Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $ConfigPathContext @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=msDS-OptionalFeature' -Properties *

        }

        else {

            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to find the path - $ConfigPathContext"

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSPageSize {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSPageSize.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param ()

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    return $Script:PageSize

}

function Get-DSSCCMManagementPoint {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSSCCMManagementPoint.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

        $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

        $SysManageContext = "CN=System Management,CN=System,$DomNamingContext"

    }

    end {

        if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $SysManageContext @DSParams)) {

            $SCCMData = @(Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $SysManageContext @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=mSSMSManagementPoint' -Properties name,mSSMSCapabilities,mSSMSMPName,dNSHostName,mSSMSSiteCode,mSSMSVersion,mSSMSDefaultMP,mSSMSDeviceManagementPoint,whenCreated)

            Foreach ($SCCM in $SCCMData) {

                $SCCMxml = [XML]$SCCM.mSSMSCapabilities

                $schemaVersionSCCM = $SCCMxml.ClientOperationalSettings.Version

                if (($Script:SchemaVersionTable).Keys -contains $schemaVersionSCCM) {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): SCCM version found."

                    $SCCMVer = $Script:SchemaVersionTable[$schemaVersionSCCM]

                }

                else {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): SCCM version not in our list!"

                    $SCCMVer = $schemaVersionSCCM

                }

                New-Object -TypeName psobject -Property @{

                    name = $SCCM.name

                    Version = $SCCMVer

                    mSSMSMPName = $SCCM.mSSMSMPName

                    dNSHostName = $SCCM.dNSHostName

                    mSSMSSiteCode = $SCCM.mSSMSSiteCode

                    mSSMSVersion = $SCCM.mSSMSVersion

                    mSSMSDefaultMP = $SCCM.mSSMSDefaultMP

                    mSSMSDeviceManagementPoint = $SCCM.mSSMSDeviceManagementPoint

                    whenCreated = $SCCM.whenCreated

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSSCCMServiceLocatorPoint {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSSCCMServiceLocatorPoint.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

        $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

        $SysManageContext = "CN=System Management,CN=System,$DomNamingContext"

    }

    end {

        if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $SysManageContext @DSParams)) {

            Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $SysManageContext @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=mSSMSServerLocatorPoint' -Properties name,mSSMSMPName,mSSMSSiteCode,whenCreated

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSSchema {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSSchema.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Name','Forest')]

        [string]$ForestName,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$UpdateCurrent

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $ADConnectState = Get-CredentialState -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName

        $SplitCreds = Split-Credential -Credential $Credential

    }

    Process {

        try {

            $ForestContext = Get-DSDirectoryContext -ContextType 'Forest' -ContextName $ForestName -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

            $Schema = [System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySchema]::GetSchema($ForestContext)

            if ($UpdateCurrent) {

                $Script:CurrentSchema = $Schema

            }

            else {

                $Schema

            }

        }

        catch {

            throw

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSSID {

<#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSSID.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = 'Object')]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ParameterSetName='Object')]

        [Alias('Group','User')]

        [String]$Name,

        [Parameter(Position = 0, Mandatory=$True, ValueFromPipeline=$True, ParameterSetName='SID')]

        [ValidatePattern('^S-1-.*')]

        [String]$SID,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [string]$Domain = ($Script:CurrentDomain).Name,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]

        [Alias('Creds')]

        [System.Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    switch ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {

        'Object'  {

            $ObjectName = $Name -Replace "/","\"

            if($ObjectName.Contains("\")) {

                # if we get a DOMAIN\user format, auto convert it

                $Domain = $ObjectName.Split("\")[0]

                $ObjectName = $ObjectName.Split("\")[1]

            }

            elseif(-not $Domain) {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): No domain found in object name or passed to function, attempting to use currently connected domain name."

                try {

                    $Domain = (Get-DSCurrentConnectedDomain).Name

                }

                catch {

                    throw "$($FunctionName): Unable to retreive or find a domain name for object!"

                }

            }

            try {

                $Obj = (New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($Domain, $ObjectName))

                $Obj.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]).Value

            }

            catch {

                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Invalid object/name - $Domain\$ObjectName"

            }

        }

        'SID' {

            ConvertTo-SecurityIdentifier -SID $SID

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSTombstoneLifetime {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSTombstoneLifetime.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter(Position = 0)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $DSParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        $RootDSE = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName 'rootDSE' @DSParams

        $DomNamingContext = $RootDSE.RootDomainNamingContext

        $ConfigPathContext = "CN=Windows NT,CN=Services,CN=Configuration,$DomNamingContext"

    }

    end {

        if ((Test-DSObjectPath -Path $ConfigPathContext @DSParams)) {

            (Get-DSObject -SearchRoot $ConfigPathContext @DSParams -Filter 'objectClass=nTDSService' -Properties tombstoneLifetime).tombstoneLifetime

        }

        else {

            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to find the path - $ConfigPathContext"

        }

    }

}

function Get-DSUser {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Get-DSUser.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding(PositionalBinding=$false)]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$DotNotAllowDelegation,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$AllowDelegation,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$UnconstrainedDelegation,

        [Parameter()]

        [datetime]$LogOnAfter,

        [Parameter()]

        [datetime]$LogOnBefore,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$NoPasswordRequired,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$PasswordNeverExpires,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$Disabled,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$Enabled,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$AdminCount,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$ServiceAccount,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$MustChangePassword,

        [Parameter()]

        [switch]$Locked

    )

    DynamicParam {

        # Create dictionary

        New-ProxyFunction -CommandName 'Get-DSObject' -CommandType 'Function'

    }

    begin {

        # Function initialization

        if ($Script:ThisModuleLoaded) {

            Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        }

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        # Most efficient user ldap filter for user accounts: http://www.selfadsi.org/extended-ad/search-user-accounts.htm

        $BaseFilters = @('sAMAccountType=805306368')

        # Logon LDAP filter section

        $LogonLDAPFilters = @()

        if ($LogOnAfter) {

            $LogonLDAPFilters += "lastlogontimestamp>=$($LogOnAfter.TofileTime())"

        }

        if ($LogOnBefore) {

            $LogonLDAPFilters += "lastlogontimestamp<=$($LogOnBefore.TofileTime())"

        }

        $BaseFilters += Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $LogonLDAPFilters -Conditional '&'

        # Filter for accounts that are marked as sensitive and can not be delegated.

        if ($DotNotAllowDelegation) {

            $BaseFilters += 'userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=1048574'

        }

        if ($AllowDelegation) {

            # negation of "Accounts that are sensitive and not trusted for delegation"

            $BaseFilters += "!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=1048574)"

        }

        # User has unconstrained delegation set.

        if ($UnconstrainedDelegation) {

            $BaseFilters += "userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=524288"

        }

        # Account is locked

        if ($Locked) {

            $BaseFilters += 'lockoutTime>=1'

        }

        # Filter for accounts who do not requiere a password to logon.

        if ($NoPasswordRequired) {

            $BaseFilters += 'userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=32'

        }

        # Filter for accounts whose password does not expires.

        if ($PasswordNeverExpires) {

            $BaseFilters += "userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=65536"

        }

        # Filter for accounts that are disabled.

        if ($Disabled) {

            $BaseFilters += "userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2"

        }

        # Filter for accounts that are enabled.

        if ($Enabled) {

            $BaseFilters += "!(userAccountControl:1.2.840.113556.1.4.803:=2)"

        }

        # Filter for accounts who have an adcmicount filed higher than 0.

        if ($AdminCount) {

            $BaseFilters += "admincount>=1"

        }

        # Filter for accounts that have SPN set.

        if ($ServiceAccount) {

            $BaseFilters += "servicePrincipalName=*"

        }

        # Filter whose users must change their passwords.

        if ($MustChangePassword) {

            $BaseFilters += 'pwdLastSet=0'

        }

        $BaseFilter = Get-CombinedLDAPFilter -Filter $BaseFilters

        $Identities = @()

    }

    process {

        # Pull in all the dynamic parameters (generated from get-dsobject)

        # as we might have values via pipeline we need to do this in the process block.

        if ($PSBoundParameters.Count -gt 0) {

            New-DynamicParameter -CreateVariables -BoundParameters $PSBoundParameters

        }

        $GetObjectParams = @{}

        $PSBoundParameters.Keys | Where-Object { ($Script:GetDSObjectParameters -contains $_) } | Foreach-Object {

            $GetObjectParams.$_ = $PSBoundParameters.$_

        }

        $GetObjectParams.BaseFilter = $BaseFilter

        $Identities += $Identity

    }

    end {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching with base filter: $BaseFilter"

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Searching for idenity: $($ID)"

            $GetObjectParams.Identity = $ID

            Get-DSObject @GetObjectParams

        }

    }

}

function Move-DSObject {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Move-DSObject.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding( SupportsShouldProcess=$True, ConfirmImpact='Medium' )]

    param(

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True)]

        [Alias('Name')]

        [string[]]$Identity,

        [Parameter(Position = 1)]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 2)]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(Position = 3)]

        [Alias('OU','TargetPath')]

        [string]$Destination,

        [Parameter(Position = 4, HelpMessage = 'Force move to OU without confirmation.')]

        [Switch]$Force

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $Identities = @()

        $SearcherParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

        }

        # If the destination OU doesn't exist then there is nothing for us to do...

        if (-not (Test-DSObjectPath -Path $Destination @SearcherParams)) {

            Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Destination OU doesn't seem to exist: $Destination"

            return

        }

        Else {

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Retreiving DN of the OU at $Destination"

            $OU = Get-DSDirectoryEntry @SearcherParams -DistinguishedName $Destination

        }

        $SearcherParams.ReturnDirectoryEntry = $True

        $SearcherParams.ChangeLogicOrder = $True

        $YesToAll = $false

        $NoToAll = $false

    }

    Process {

        $Identities += $Identity

    }

    end {

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            $SearcherParams.Filter = @("distinguishedName=$ID","objectGUID=$ID","name=$ID","cn=$ID")

            Get-DSObject @SearcherParams | ForEach-Object {

                $Name = $_.Properties['name']

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Proccessing found object name: $Name"

                if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Move AD Object $Name to $Destination", "Move AD Object $Name to $Destination?","Moving AD Object $Name")) {

                    if ($Force -Or $PSCmdlet.ShouldContinue("Are you REALLY sure you want to move '$Name'?", "Moving AD Object $Name", [ref]$YesToAll, [ref]$NotoAll)) {

                        try {

                            ($_.GetDirectoryEntry()).MoveTo($OU)

                        }

                        catch {

                            throw $_

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

function Set-DSObject {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Set-DSObject.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding( SupportsShouldProcess=$True, ConfirmImpact='Medium', DefaultParameterSetName = 'Default' )]

    param(

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True, ParameterSetName='Default')]

        [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline=$True, ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName=$True, ParameterSetName='MultiProperty')]

        [ValidateNotNullOrEmpty()]

        [SupportsWildcards()]

        [Alias('Name')]

        [string]$Identity,

        [Parameter(Position = 1, ParameterSetName='Default')]

        [Parameter(Position = 1, ParameterSetName='MultiProperty')]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter(Position = 2, ParameterSetName='Default')]

        [Parameter(Position = 2, ParameterSetName='MultiProperty')]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(Position = 3, ParameterSetName='MultiProperty')]

        [hashtable]$Properties,

        [Parameter(Position = 3, ParameterSetName='Default')]

        [string]$Property,

        [Parameter(Position = 4, ParameterSetName='Default')]

        [string]$Value,

        [Parameter(Position = 5, ParameterSetName='Default')]

        [Parameter(Position = 5, ParameterSetName='MultiProperty')]

        [Switch]$Force

    )

    begin {

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $GenericProperties = @('name','adspath','distinguishedname')

        $Identities = @()

        $YesToAll = $false

        $NoToAll = $false

        $SearcherParams = @{

            ComputerName = $ComputerName

            Credential = $Credential

            ResultsAs = 'searcher'

        }

        switch ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {

            'Default'  {

                $SearcherParams.Properties = ($GenericProperties + $Property) | Select-Object -Unique

            }

            'MultiProperty' {

                $SearcherParams.Properties = ($GenericProperties + $Properties.Keys) | Select-Object -Unique

            }

        }

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Properties for this search include $($SearcherParams.Properties -join ', ')"

    }

    process {

        $SearcherParams.Identity = $Identity

        $Identities += Get-DSObject @SearcherParams

    }

    end {

        Foreach ($ID in $Identities) {

            $Name = $ID.Properties['name']

            $DE = $ID.GetDirectoryEntry()

            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Start processing for object - $Name"

            switch ($PsCmdlet.ParameterSetName) {

                'Default'  {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Setting a single property"

                    if (($DE | Get-Member -MemberType 'Property').Name -contains $Property) {

                        $CurrentValue = $DE.$Property

                    }

                    else {

                        $CurrentValue = '<empty>'

                    }

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Proccessing found object name: $Name"

                    if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Update AD Object $Name property = '$Property', value = '$Value' (Existing value is '$CurrentValue')", "Update AD Object $Name property = '$Property', value = '$Value' (Existing value is '$CurrentValue')","Updating AD Object $Name property $Property")) {

                        if ($Force -Or $PSCmdlet.ShouldContinue("Are you REALLY sure you want to Update '$Name' property $Property (Existing value is '$CurrentValue') with the value of $Value ?", "Updating AD Object $Name", [ref]$YesToAll, [ref]$NotoAll)) {

                            try {

                                $DE.psbase.InvokeSet($Property,$Value)

                                $DE.SetInfo()

                            }

                            catch {

                                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to update $Name property $Property with $Value"

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }

                'MultiProperty'  {

                    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Setting multiple properties"

                    Foreach ($Prop in ($Properties.Keys)) {

                        try {

                            Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Setting $Prop to be $($Properties[$Prop])"

                            $DE.psbase.InvokeSet($Prop,$Properties[$Prop])

                        }

                        catch {

                            Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to update $Name property named: $Prop"

                        }

                    }

                    if ($pscmdlet.ShouldProcess("Update AD Object $Name", "Update AD Object $Name?","Updating AD Object $Name")) {

                        if ($Force -or $PSCmdlet.ShouldContinue("Are you REALLY sure you want to Update '$Name'?", "Updating AD Object $Name", [ref]$YesToAll, [ref]$NotoAll)) {

                            try {

                                $DE.SetInfo()

                            }

                            catch {

                                Write-Warning "$($FunctionName): Unable to update $Name"

                            }

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}

function Set-DSPageSize {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Set-DSPageSize.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param (

        [Parameter()]

        [int]$PageSize = 1000

    )

    $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

    Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

    $Script:PageSize = $PageSize

}

function Test-DSObjectPath {

    <#

    .EXTERNALHELP PSAD-help.xml

    .LINK

        https://github.com/zloeber/PSAD/tree/master/release/0.0.5/docs/Functions/Test-DSObjectPath.md

    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]

    param(

        [Parameter()]

        [Alias('Server','ServerName')]

        [string]$ComputerName = $Script:CurrentServer,

        [Parameter()]

        [alias('Creds')]

        [Management.Automation.PSCredential]

        [System.Management.Automation.CredentialAttribute()]

        $Credential = $Script:CurrentCredential,

        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]

        [string]$Path

    )

    Begin {

        # Function initialization

        Get-CallerPreference -Cmdlet $PSCmdlet -SessionState $ExecutionContext.SessionState

        $FunctionName = $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Name

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Begin."

        $ADConnectState = Get-CredentialState -Credential $Credential -ComputerName $ComputerName

    }

    Process { }

    end {

        Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Validating the following path exists: $Path"

        switch ( $ADConnectState ) {

            { @('AltUserAndServer', 'CurrentUserAltServer', 'AltUser') -contains $_ } {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Alternate user and/or server."

                if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -ComputerName $ComputerName -DistinguishedName $Path -Credential $Credential

                } 

                else {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -ComputerName $ComputerName -Credential $Credential

                }

            }

            'CurrentUser' {

                Write-Verbose "$($FunctionName): Current user."

                if ($Path.Length -gt 0) {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry -DistinguishedName $Path

                }

                else {

                    $domObj = Get-DSDirectoryEntry

                }

            }

            Default {

                Write-Error "$($FunctionName): Unable to connect to AD!"

            }

        }

        if ($domObj.Path -eq $null) {

            return $false

        }

        else {

            return $true

        }

    }

}

## Post-Load Module code ##

# Use this variable for any path-sepecific actions (like loading dlls and such) to ensure it will work in testing and after being built

$MyModulePath = $(

    Function Get-ScriptPath {

        $Invocation = (Get-Variable MyInvocation -Scope 1).Value

        if($Invocation.PSScriptRoot) {

            $Invocation.PSScriptRoot

        }

        Elseif($Invocation.MyCommand.Path) {

            Split-Path $Invocation.MyCommand.Path

        }

        elseif ($Invocation.InvocationName.Length -eq 0) {

            (Get-Location).Path

        }

        else {

            $Invocation.InvocationName.Substring(0,$Invocation.InvocationName.LastIndexOf("\"));

        }

    }

    Get-ScriptPath

)

$ExecutionContext.SessionState.Module.OnRemove = {

    # Action to take if the module is removed

}

$null = Register-EngineEvent -SourceIdentifier ( [System.Management.Automation.PsEngineEvent]::Exiting ) -Action {

    # Action to take if the whole pssession is killed

}

# Used in several functions to ignore parameters included with advanced functions

$CommonParameters = Get-CommonParameters

# Get a list of parameters for the get-dsobject command

$GetDSObjectParameters = @()

$_dsobjparams = (Get-Command Get-DSObject).Parameters

$_dsobjparams.keys | Where { $Script:CommonParameters -notcontains $_ } | Foreach {

    $GetDSObjectParameters += $_

}

# Use this in your scripts to check if the function is being called from your module or independantly.

$ThisModuleLoaded = $true

'Print Operators','Schema Admins' | Get-DSGroup

<#

$Mod = New-InMemoryModule -ModuleName Win32

# all of the Win32 API functions we need

$FunctionDefinitions = @(

    (func netapi32 NetShareEnum ([Int]) @([String], [Int], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [Int], [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType())),

    (func netapi32 NetWkstaUserEnum ([Int]) @([String], [Int], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [Int], [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType())),

    (func netapi32 NetSessionEnum ([Int]) @([String], [String], [String], [Int], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [Int], [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType())),

    (func netapi32 NetLocalGroupGetMembers ([Int]) @([String], [String], [Int], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [Int], [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType())),

    (func netapi32 DsGetSiteName ([Int]) @([String], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType())),

    (func netapi32 DsEnumerateDomainTrusts ([Int]) @([String], [UInt32], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [IntPtr].MakeByRefType())),

    (func netapi32 NetApiBufferFree ([Int]) @([IntPtr])),

    (func advapi32 ConvertSidToStringSid ([Int]) @([IntPtr], [String].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError),

    (func advapi32 OpenSCManagerW ([IntPtr]) @([String], [String], [Int]) -SetLastError),

    (func advapi32 CloseServiceHandle ([Int]) @([IntPtr])),

    (func wtsapi32 WTSOpenServerEx ([IntPtr]) @([String])),

    (func wtsapi32 WTSEnumerateSessionsEx ([Int]) @([IntPtr], [Int32].MakeByRefType(), [Int], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError),

    (func wtsapi32 WTSQuerySessionInformation ([Int]) @([IntPtr], [Int], [Int], [IntPtr].MakeByRefType(), [Int32].MakeByRefType()) -SetLastError),

    (func wtsapi32 WTSFreeMemoryEx ([Int]) @([Int32], [IntPtr], [Int32])),

    (func wtsapi32 WTSFreeMemory ([Int]) @([IntPtr])),

    (func wtsapi32 WTSCloseServer ([Int]) @([IntPtr]))

)

# enum used by $WTS_SESSION_INFO_1 below

$WTSConnectState = psenum $Mod WTS_CONNECTSTATE_CLASS UInt16 @{

    Active = 0

    Connected = 1

    ConnectQuery = 2

    Shadow = 3

    Disconnected = 4

    Idle = 5

    Listen = 6

    Reset = 7

    Down = 8

    Init = 9

}

# the WTSEnumerateSessionsEx result structure

$WTS_SESSION_INFO_1 = struct $Mod WTS_SESSION_INFO_1 @{

    ExecEnvId = field 0 UInt32

    State = field 1 $WTSConnectState

    SessionId = field 2 UInt32

    pSessionName = field 3 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    pHostName = field 4 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    pUserName = field 5 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    pDomainName = field 6 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    pFarmName = field 7 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

}

# the particular WTSQuerySessionInformation result structure

$WTS_CLIENT_ADDRESS = struct $mod WTS_CLIENT_ADDRESS @{

    AddressFamily = field 0 UInt32

    Address = field 1 Byte[] -MarshalAs @('ByValArray', 20)

}

# the NetShareEnum result structure

$SHARE_INFO_1 = struct $Mod SHARE_INFO_1 @{

    shi1_netname = field 0 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    shi1_type = field 1 UInt32

    shi1_remark = field 2 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

}

# the NetWkstaUserEnum result structure

$WKSTA_USER_INFO_1 = struct $Mod WKSTA_USER_INFO_1 @{

    wkui1_username = field 0 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    wkui1_logon_domain = field 1 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    wkui1_oth_domains = field 2 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    wkui1_logon_server = field 3 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

}

# the NetSessionEnum result structure

$SESSION_INFO_10 = struct $Mod SESSION_INFO_10 @{

    sesi10_cname = field 0 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    sesi10_username = field 1 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    sesi10_time = field 2 UInt32

    sesi10_idle_time = field 3 UInt32

}

# enum used by $LOCALGROUP_MEMBERS_INFO_2 below

$SID_NAME_USE = psenum $Mod SID_NAME_USE UInt16 @{

    SidTypeUser       =1

    SidTypeGroup      =2

    SidTypeDomain     =3

    SidTypeAlias      =4

    SidTypeWellKnownGroup   = 5

    SidTypeDeletedAccount   = 6

    SidTypeInvalid    =7

    SidTypeUnknown    =8

    SidTypeComputer   =9

}

# the NetLocalGroupGetMembers result structure

$LOCALGROUP_MEMBERS_INFO_2 = struct $Mod LOCALGROUP_MEMBERS_INFO_2 @{

    lgrmi2_sid = field 0 IntPtr

    lgrmi2_sidusage = field 1 $SID_NAME_USE

    lgrmi2_domainandname = field 2 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

}

# enums used in DS_DOMAIN_TRUSTS

$DsDomainFlag = psenum $Mod DsDomain.Flags UInt32 @{

    IN_FOREST =1

    DIRECT_OUTBOUND = 2

    TREE_ROOT =4

    PRIMARY   =8

    NATIVE_MODE     = 16

    DIRECT_INBOUND  = 32

} -Bitfield

$DsDomainTrustType = psenum $Mod DsDomain.TrustType UInt32 @{

    DOWNLEVEL   = 1

    UPLEVEL     = 2

    MIT   =3

    DCE   =4

}

$DsDomainTrustAttributes = psenum $Mod DsDomain.TrustAttributes UInt32 @{

    NON_TRANSITIVE      = 1

    UPLEVEL_ONLY  =2

    FILTER_SIDS   =4

    FOREST_TRANSITIVE   = 8

    CROSS_ORGANIZATION  = 16

    WITHIN_FOREST =32

    TREAT_AS_EXTERNAL   = 64

}

# the DsEnumerateDomainTrusts result structure

$DS_DOMAIN_TRUSTS = struct $Mod DS_DOMAIN_TRUSTS @{

    NetbiosDomainName = field 0 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    DnsDomainName = field 1 String -MarshalAs @('LPWStr')

    Flags = field 2 $DsDomainFlag

    ParentIndex = field 3 UInt32

    TrustType = field 4 $DsDomainTrustType

    TrustAttributes = field 5 $DsDomainTrustAttributes

    DomainSid = field 6 IntPtr

    DomainGuid = field 7 Guid

}

$Types = $FunctionDefinitions | Add-Win32Type -Module $Mod -Namespace 'Win32'

$Netapi32 = $Types['netapi32']

$Advapi32 = $Types['advapi32']

$Wtsapi32 = $Types['wtsapi32']

#>