AzSK

4.3.0

Framework/Core/SVT/SubscriptionCore/SubscriptionCore.ps1

#using namespace Microsoft.Azure.Commands.Search.Models
Set-StrictMode -Version Latest
class SubscriptionCore: AzSVTBase
{
    hidden [AzureSecurityCenter] $ASCSettings
    hidden [ManagementCertificate[]] $ManagementCertificates
    hidden [PSObject] $RoleAssignments
    hidden [PSObject] $ApprovedAdmins;
    hidden [PSObject] $ApprovedSPNs;
    hidden [PSObject] $MandatoryAccounts;
    hidden [PSObject] $DeprecatedAccounts;
    hidden [PSObject] $CurrentContext;
    hidden [bool] $HasGraphAPIAccess;
    hidden [PSObject] $MisConfiguredASCPolicies;
    hidden [PSObject] $MisConfiguredOptionalASCPolicies;
    hidden [SecurityCenter] $SecurityCenterInstance;
    hidden [string[]] $SubscriptionMandatoryTags = @();
    hidden [System.Collections.Generic.List[TelemetryRBAC]] $PIMAssignments;
    hidden [System.Collections.Generic.List[TelemetryRBAC]] $permanentAssignments;
    hidden [System.Collections.Generic.List[TelemetryRBAC]] $RGLevelPIMAssignments;
    hidden [System.Collections.Generic.List[TelemetryRBAC]] $RGLevelPermanentAssignments;
    hidden [CustomData] $CustomObject;
    hidden $SubscriptionExtId;

    SubscriptionCore([string] $subscriptionId):
        Base($subscriptionId)
    {
        $this.GetResourceObject();        
    }

    hidden [void] GetResourceObject()
    {
        $this.ASCSettings = [AzureSecurityCenter]::new()
        $this.CurrentContext = [ContextHelper]::GetCurrentRMContext();
        $this.MandatoryAccounts = $null
        $this.RoleAssignments = $null
        $this.ApprovedAdmins = $null
        $this.ApprovedSPNs = $null
        $this.DeprecatedAccounts = $null
        $this.HasGraphAPIAccess = [RoleAssignmentHelper]::HasGraphAccess();
        
        #Compute the policies ahead to get the security Contact Phone number and email id
        $this.SecurityCenterInstance = [SecurityCenter]::new($this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId,$false);
        $this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.CheckASCCompliance();
        $this.MisConfiguredOptionalASCPolicies = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.CheckOptionalSecurityPolicySettings();

        #Fetch AzSKRGTags
        $azskRG = [ConfigurationManager]::GetAzSKConfigData().AzSKRGName;
        $azskRGTags = [ResourceGroupHelper]::GetResourceGroupTags($azskRG) ;

        [hashtable] $subscriptionMetada = @{}
        $subscriptionMetada.Add("HasGraphAccess",$this.HasGraphAPIAccess);
        $subscriptionMetada.Add("ASCSecurityContactEmailIds", $this.SecurityCenterInstance.ContactEmail);
        $subscriptionMetada.Add("ASCSecurityContactPhoneNumber", $this.SecurityCenterInstance.ContactPhoneNumber);
        $subscriptionMetada.Add("FeatureVersions", $azskRGTags);
        $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionMetadata = $subscriptionMetada;
        $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags += [ConfigurationManager]::GetAzSKConfigData().SubscriptionMandatoryTags;

    }

    [ControlItem[]] ApplyServiceFilters([ControlItem[]] $controls)
    {
        $result = $controls;

        #Scan resource group persistent access control only when scan source is equal to CA. We are filtering this control due to performance issue.
        $isRGPersistentAccessCheckEnabled = [FeatureFlightingManager]::GetFeatureStatus("EnableResourceGroupPersistentAccessCheck",$($this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId))
        if($isRGPersistentAccessCheckEnabled -eq $false)
        {
            $result = $result | Where-Object { $_.Tags -notcontains "RGPersistentAccess" }
        }
        
        return $result;
    }


    hidden [ControlResult] CheckSubscriptionAdminCount([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetRoleAssignments()
        $this.LoadRBACConfig()
        #Excessive number of admins (> 5)

        $scope = $this.SubscriptionContext.Scope;

        $SubAdmins = @();
        $SubAdmins += $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { ($_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'CoAdministrator' `
            -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -like '*ServiceAdministrator*' `
            -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'Owner') -and $_.Scope -eq $scope}

        #Commented the below code since Co-Admin can exist independently now.
        #Excluded the Co-Administrator since one couldn't be Co-admin without having the Owner privileges.
        #$SubAdmins += $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { ($_.RoleDefinitionName -like '*ServiceAdministrator*' `
        # -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'Owner') -and $_.Scope -eq $scope}
        if($this.HasGraphAPIAccess -eq $false)
        {
            $this.PublishCustomMessage("Current Azure login context doesn't have graph api access");
        }
        $ClientSubAdmins = @()
        $ApprovedSubAdmins = @()

        $SubAdmins | ForEach-Object{
            $tempAdmin = $_
            $objId = $_.ObjectId
            $isApprovedAdmin = $false
            foreach($admin in $this.ApprovedAdmins)
            {
                $tempObjId = $admin.ObjectId
                if($admin.ObjectType -eq "ServicePrincipal")
                {
                    $out = $null
                    try { $out = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { $_.ObjectId -eq $admin.ObjectId} } catch {}
                    if($null -ne $out)
                    {
                        $tempObjId = $out[0].ObjectId
                    }
                }
                if($objId -eq $tempObjId)
                {
                    $ApprovedSubAdmins += $tempAdmin
                    $isApprovedAdmin = $true
                }
            }
            if(-not $isApprovedAdmin)
            {
                $ClientSubAdmins += $tempAdmin
            }
        }

        $controlResult.AddMessage("There are a total of $($SubAdmins.Count) admin/owner accounts in your subscription`r`nOf these, the following $($ClientSubAdmins.Count) admin/owner accounts are not from a central team.", ($ClientSubAdmins | Select-Object DisplayName, SignInName, ObjectType, ObjectId, RoleDefinitionName));

        if(($ApprovedSubAdmins | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage("The following $($ApprovedSubAdmins.Count) admin/owner (approved) accounts are from a central team:`r`n", ($ApprovedSubAdmins | Select-Object DisplayName, SignInName, ObjectType, ObjectId, RoleDefinitionName));
        }
        $controlResult.AddMessage("Note: Approved central team accounts don't count against your limit");

        if($ClientSubAdmins.Count -gt $this.ControlSettings.NoOfApprovedAdmins)
        {
            $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed
            $controlResult.AddMessage("Number of admins/owners configured at subscription scope are more than the approved limit: $($this.ControlSettings.NoOfApprovedAdmins). Total: " + $ClientSubAdmins.Count);
        }
        else
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed,
                                        "Number of admins/owners configured at subscription scope are with in approved limit: $($this.ControlSettings.NoOfApprovedAdmins). Total: " + $ClientSubAdmins.Count);
        }

        return $controlResult;
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckApprovedCentralAccountsRBAC([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetRoleAssignments()
        $this.LoadRBACConfig()
        $state = $true
        $scope = $this.SubscriptionContext.Scope
        $out = $null
        $missingMandatoryAccount = @()
        $foundMandatoryAccount = @()
        if($null -ne $this.MandatoryAccounts)
        {
            foreach($admin in $this.MandatoryAccounts)
            {
                try{ $out = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { $_.ObjectId -eq $admin.ObjectId -and $_.Scope -eq $scope -and $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq $admin.RoleDefinitionName }} catch { }
                if($null -eq  $out)
                {
                    $missingMandatoryAccount+= $admin
                    $state = $false
                }
                else
                {
                    $foundMandatoryAccount += $admin
                }
            }
            if(($foundMandatoryAccount | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.AddMessage("Found mandatory accounts:",$foundMandatoryAccount)
            }
            if(($missingMandatoryAccount | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.SetStateData("Mandatory accounts which are not added to subscription", $missingMandatoryAccount);

                $controlResult.AddMessage("Missing mandatory accounts:",$missingMandatoryAccount)
            }
        }
        if(-not $state)
        {
            $controlResult.EnableFixControl = $true;
            if($controlResult.FixControlParameters)
            {
                $controlResult.FixControlParameters.Tags = $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags;
            }
            $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed;
        }
        else {
            $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] ValidateCentralAccountsRBAC([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetRoleAssignments()
        $this.LoadRBACConfig()

        $scope = $this.SubscriptionContext.Scope;

        $SubAdmins = @();
        $SubAdmins += $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'CoAdministrator' `
                                                                                -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -like '*ServiceAdministrator*' `
                                                                                -or ($_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'Owner' -and $_.Scope -eq $scope)}
        if($this.HasGraphAPIAccess -eq $false)
        {
            $this.PublishCustomMessage("Current Azure login context doesn't have graph api access");
        }
        $ClientSubAdmins = @()
        $ApprovedSubAdmins = @()

        $SubAdmins | ForEach-Object{
            $tempAdmin = $_
            $objId = $_.ObjectId
            $isApprovedAdmin = $false
            foreach($admin in $this.ApprovedAdmins)
            {
                $tempObjId = $admin.ObjectId
                if($admin.ObjectType -eq "ServicePrincipal")
                {
                    $out = $null
                    #do we need to check for scope
                    try { $out = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { $_.ObjectId -eq $admin.ObjectId} } catch {}
                    if($null -ne $out)
                    {
                        $tempObjId = $out[0].ObjectId
                    }
                }
                if($objId -eq $tempObjId)
                {
                    $ApprovedSubAdmins += $tempAdmin
                    $isApprovedAdmin = $true
                }
            }
            if(-not $isApprovedAdmin)
            {
                $ClientSubAdmins += $tempAdmin
            }
        }        

        $stateData = @{
            Owners = @();
            CoAdmins = @();
        };

        $stateData.Owners += $ClientSubAdmins | Where-Object { -not ($_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'CoAdministrator' -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -like '*ServiceAdministrator*') };
        $stateData.CoAdmins += $ClientSubAdmins | Where-Object { $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'CoAdministrator' -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -like '*ServiceAdministrator*' };

        $controlResult.SetStateData("All Subscription Owners/CoAdministrators/ServiceAdministrators (excludes accounts from central team)", $stateData);

        if(($ApprovedSubAdmins | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage("The following $($ApprovedSubAdmins.Count) admin/owner (approved) accounts are from a central team:`r`n", ($ApprovedSubAdmins | Select-Object DisplayName, SignInName, ObjectType, ObjectId));
        }        

        if($ClientSubAdmins.Count -gt 0)
        {
            $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Verify
            $controlResult.AddMessage("Please review the list of Admins and Owners for your subscription. Make sure to remove any that do not require persistent access. (Note: Owners that are part of a central approved list are to be retained. They are not listed above.)",($ClientSubAdmins | Select-Object DisplayName,SignInName,ObjectType, ObjectId));            
        }
        else {
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed,
                                        "No persistent owners/admins found on your subscription.");
        }

        return $controlResult;
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckDeprecatedAccountsRBAC([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetRoleAssignments()
        $this.LoadRBACConfig()
        $state = $true
        $scope = $this.SubscriptionContext.Scope
        $out = $null
        $foundDeprecatedAccounts = @()
        if($null -ne  $this.DeprecatedAccounts)
        {
            foreach($depAcct in $this.DeprecatedAccounts)
            {
                foreach($roleassignment in $this.RoleAssignments){
                 if($roleassignment.ObjectId -eq $depAcct.ObjectId){
                    $foundDeprecatedAccounts += $roleassignment
                    $state = $false
                 }
                }
            }
        }
        if(-not $state)
        {
            $controlResult.EnableFixControl = $true;
            #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found deprecated accounts on the subscription:", $foundDeprecatedAccounts, $true, "DeprecatedAccounts")
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Deprecated accounts which have access to subscription", $foundDeprecatedAccounts);
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found deprecated accounts on the subscription:", $foundDeprecatedAccounts)
        }
        else {
            $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckNonAADAccountsRBAC([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        if($this.HasGraphAPIAccess)
        {
            $this.GetRoleAssignments()
            Set-Variable -Name liveAccounts -Scope Local
            $liveAccounts =@()

            if ([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore,"NonADIdentitiesPatterns") -and ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.NonADIdentitiesPatterns | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0) 
            {
                $NonADIdentitiesPattern = (('^' + (($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.NonADIdentitiesPatterns |foreach {[regex]::escape($_)}) â€“join '|') + '$')) -replace '[\\]',''
                $liveAccounts = [array]($this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object {$_.SignInName -and $_.SignInName.ToLower() -imatch $NonADIdentitiesPattern} )
                #Exclude whitelisted patterns for non-AD identities
                if( ($liveAccounts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0 -and  [Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore,"WhitelistedNonADIndentitiesPatterns") -and ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.WhitelistedNonADIndentitiesPatterns | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0)
                {
                    $WhiteListedNonADIdentitiesPattern = (('^' + (($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.WhitelistedNonADIndentitiesPatterns |foreach {[regex]::escape($_)}) â€“join '|') + '$')) -replace '[\\]',''
                    $liveAccounts = [array]($liveAccounts | Where-Object {$_.SignInName -and $_.SignInName.ToLower() -inotmatch $WhiteListedNonADIdentitiesPattern} )
                }                
            }

            if(($liveAccounts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.SetStateData("Non-AAD accounts which have access to subscription", $liveAccounts);
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found non-AAD account access present on the subscription:",($liveAccounts | Select-Object SignInName,DisplayName, Scope, RoleDefinitionName))
                #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found non-AAD account access present on the subscription:",($liveAccounts | Select-Object SignInName,DisplayName, Scope, RoleDefinitionName), $true, "NonAADAccounts")
                $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Failed
            }
            else {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Passed
            }
        }
        else
        {
            #If the VM is connected to ERNetwork and there is no NSG, then we should not fail as this would directly conflict with the NSG control as well.
            $controlResult.CurrentSessionContext.Permissions.HasRequiredAccess = $false;
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Manual, "Not able to query Graph API. This has to be manually verified.");
        }

        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckSVCAccountsRBAC([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        if($this.HasGraphAPIAccess)
        {
            $this.GetRoleAssignments()
            $serviceAccounts = @()
            if($null -ne $this.CurrentContext)
            {
                $GraphUri = [WebRequestHelper]::GetGraphUrl()
                $GraphAccessToken = [ContextHelper]::GetAccessToken($GraphUri)
            }

            $uniqueUsers = @();
            $uniqueUsers += $this.RoleAssignments | Sort-Object SignInName -Unique | Select-Object DisplayName, SignInName,ObjectId, ObjectType
            $uniqueUsers | ForEach-Object{
                Set-Variable -Name user -Scope Local -Value $_
                Set-Variable -Name ObjectId -Scope Local -Value $_.ObjectId
                Set-Variable -Name SignInName -Scope Local -Value $_.SignInName
                Set-Variable -Name ObjectType -Scope Local -Value $_.ObjectType
                $isServiceAccount = [IdentityHelpers]::IsServiceAccount($_.ObjectId, $_.SignInName, $_.ObjectType, $GraphAccessToken)
                if($isServiceAccount)
                {
                    $userScopes = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object {$_.SignInName -eq $SignInName}
                    $userScopes | ForEach-Object{
                        Set-Variable -Name userScope -Scope Local -Value $_
                        $serviceAccounts += $userScope
                    }
                }
            }

            if(($serviceAccounts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $serviceAccounts = $serviceAccounts | Where-Object {-not ($_.SignInName -like 'Sc-*')}
            }

            if(($serviceAccounts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.SetStateData("Non-MFA enabled accounts present in the subscription", $serviceAccounts);
                #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found non-MFA enabled accounts present on the subscription",($serviceAccounts | Select-Object Scope, DisplayName, SignInName, RoleDefinitionName, ObjectId, ObjectType), $true, "NonMFAAccounts")
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found non-MFA enabled accounts present on the subscription",($serviceAccounts | Select-Object Scope, DisplayName, SignInName, RoleDefinitionName, ObjectId, ObjectType));
            }
            else {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Passed
            }
        }
        else
        {
            #If the VM is connected to ERNetwork and there is no NSG, then we should not fail as this would directly conflict with the NSG control as well.
            $controlResult.CurrentSessionContext.Permissions.HasRequiredAccess = $false;
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Manual, "Not able to query Graph API. This has to be manually verified.");
        }

        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckCoAdminCount([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetRoleAssignments()
        Set-Variable -Name classicCoAdmins -Scope Local

        $classicCoAdmins = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq 'CoAdministrator' `
                                                                                -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -like '*ServiceAdministrator*' }
        $count = ($classicCoAdmins | Measure-Object).Count
        #$controlResult.AddMessage("No. of CoAdministrators found: $count", ($classicCoAdmins | Select-Object DisplayName, Scope, ObjectType, ObjectId), $true, "CoAdminsList")
        $controlResult.AddMessage("No. of classic administrators found: $count",  ($classicCoAdmins | Select-Object DisplayName, Scope, ObjectType, ObjectId))
        $controlResult.SetStateData("Classic admins present in the subscription", $classicCoAdmins);

        if($count -gt $this.ControlSettings.NoOfClassicAdminsLimit)
        {
            $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed
        }
        else {
            $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Passed
        }

        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckManagementCertsPresence([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        try
        {
            $this.GetManagementCertificates()
            if($this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedMgmtCerts | Get-Member -Name "Thumbprints")
            {
                $this.ManagementCertificates | ForEach-Object {
                    Set-Variable -Name certObject -Value $_ -Scope Local
                    if(($this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedMgmtCerts.Thumbprints | Where-Object {$_ -eq $certObject.CertThumbprint} | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                    {
                        $certObject.Whitelisted = $true
                        if($certObject.Difference.Days -gt $this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedMgmtCerts.ApprovedValidityRangeInDays)
                        {
                            $this.PublishCustomMessage("WARNING: Certificate expiry has been set more than the approved value: [$($this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedMgmtCerts.ApprovedValidityRangeInDays) days] for certificate: [$($certObject.CertThumbprint)]", [MessageType]::Warning);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            $FilteredMgmtCerts = @();
            $FilteredMgmtCerts += $this.ManagementCertificates | Where-Object {-not $_.Whitelisted}
            Set-Variable -Name isCompliant -Scope Local


            $whitelistedMgmtCerts = @();
            $whitelistedMgmtCerts += $this.ManagementCertificates | Where-Object { $_.Whitelisted}

            if($whitelistedMgmtCerts.Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.AddMessage("Whitelisted management certificates on the subscription.",($whitelistedMgmtCerts | Select-Object CertThumbprint, SubjectName, Issuer, Created , ExpiryDate , IsExpired, Whitelisted))
            }

            if($null -ne $FilteredMgmtCerts  -and $FilteredMgmtCerts.Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.SetStateData("Management certificates in the subscription", $FilteredMgmtCerts);
                #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed,"Found Management certificates on the subscription.",($this.ManagementCertificates | Select-Object CertThumbprint, SubjectName, Issuer, Created , ExpiryDate , IsExpired, Whitelisted), $true, "MgmtCerts")
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed,"Management certificates which needs to be removed.",($FilteredMgmtCerts | Select-Object CertThumbprint, SubjectName, Issuer, Created , ExpiryDate , IsExpired, Whitelisted))
            }
            else {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
            }
        }
        catch
        {
            #Check specifically for forbidden error instead of any exception
            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($_.Exception,"Response") -and  ($_.Exception).Response.StatusCode -eq [System.Net.HttpStatusCode]::Forbidden)
            {
                #If the VM is connected to ERNetwork and there is no NSG, then we should not fail as this would directly conflict with the NSG control as well.
                $controlResult.CurrentSessionContext.Permissions.HasRequiredAccess = $false;
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Manual, "You do not have required permissions to check for management certificates on this subscription. This control requires 'Co-Admin' privilege.");    
                $controlResult.AddMessage([MessageData]::new([Constants]::CoAdminElevatePermissionMsg));
                
                return $controlResult
            }
            else
            {
                throw $_
            }            
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckAzureSecurityCenterSettings([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        if ($this.SecurityCenterInstance)
        {
            #$controlResult.AddMessage([MessageData]::new("Security center policies must be configured with settings mentioned below:", $this.SecurityCenterInstance.Policy.properties));

            $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionMetadata.Add("MissingOptionalASCPolicies",$this.MisConfiguredOptionalASCPolicies);
            $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionMetadata.Add("MissingMandatoryASCPolicies",$this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies);

            if(($this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0)
            {
                $controlResult.EnableFixControl = $true;

                $controlResult.SetStateData("Security Center misconfigured policies", $this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies);
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, [MessageData]::new("Following security center policies are not correctly configured. Please update the policies in order to comply.", $this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies));
            }
            # elseif(-not $this.SecurityCenterInstance.IsLatestVersion -and $this.SecurityCenterInstance.IsValidVersion)
            # {
            # $this.PublishCustomMessage("WARNING: The Azure Security Center policies in your subscription are out of date.`nPlease update to the latest version by running command Update-AzSKSubscriptionSecurity.", [MessageType]::Warning);
            # $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, [MessageData]::new("Current security center policies are configured as per older policy. To update as per latest configuration, run command Update-AzSKSubscriptionSecurity."));
            # }
            # elseif(($this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0)
            # {
            # $controlResult.EnableFixControl = $true;

            # $controlResult.SetStateData("Security Center misconfigured policies", $this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies);
            # $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, [MessageData]::new("Following security center policies are not correctly configured. Please update the policies in order to comply.", $this.MisConfiguredASCPolicies));
            # }
            else
            {
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, [MessageData]::new("All security center policies are correctly configured."));
            }
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckAzureSecurityCenterAlerts([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetASCAlerts()
        $activeAlerts = ($this.ASCSettings.Alerts | Where-Object {$_.State -eq "Active" })
        if(($activeAlerts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0 )
        {
              if( [Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings, 'ASCAlertsThresholdInDays') -and [Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings, 'ASCAlertsSeverityLevels'))
              {
                 $AlertDaysCheck = $this.ControlSettings.ASCAlertsThresholdInDays
                 $AlertSeverityCheck = $this.ControlSettings.ASCAlertsSeverityLevels                
                 $activeAlerts = $activeAlerts | Where-Object{ ( [System.DateTime]::Parse($_.ReportedTimeUTC).AddDays($AlertDaysCheck) -ge ([System.DateTime]::UtcNow)) -and $_.ReportedSeverity -in $AlertSeverityCheck}
                 if(($activeAlerts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                 {
                    $controlResult.SetStateData("Active alert in Security Center", ($activeAlerts | Select-Object AlertName, ReportedTimeUTC));
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed,"Azure Security Center have active alerts that need to resolved.")
                    $controlResult.AddMessage(($activeAlerts | Select-Object State, AlertDisplayName, AlertName, Description, ReportedTimeUTC,ReportedSeverity, RemediationSteps))
                    return $controlResult;
                 }
                 else
                 {
                    $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Passed
                    return $controlResult;
                 }
              }
             $controlResult.SetStateData("Active alert in Security Center", ($activeAlerts | Select-Object AlertName, ReportedTimeUTC));
             $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed,"Azure Security Center have active alerts that need to resolved.")
             $controlResult.AddMessage(($activeAlerts | Select-Object State, AlertDisplayName, AlertName, Description, ReportedTimeUTC,ReportedSeverity, RemediationSteps))

                
        }
        else 
        {
             $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Passed
        }
         return $controlResult
    }    

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckSPNsRBAC([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        if($this.HasGraphAPIAccess)
        {
            $this.GetRoleAssignments()
            $this.LoadRBACConfig()

            $scope = $this.SubscriptionContext.Scope
            $approvedIds = @();
            $approvedIds += $this.ApprovedSPNs | Select-Object -Property ObjectId | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ObjectId;

            $servicePrincipalNames = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object {$_.ObjectType -eq "ServicePrincipal" -and ($approvedIds -notcontains $_.ObjectId ) -and ($_.RoleDefinitionName -eq "Owner" -or $_.RoleDefinitionName -eq "Contributor") -and $_.Scope -eq $scope}
            if(($servicePrincipalNames | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.SetStateData("Service Principals (excluding approved central accounts) having owner or contributor access on subscription", $servicePrincipalNames);
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed
                #$controlResult.AddMessage("Below is the list SPNs which have either owner or contributor access on subscription:", ($servicePrincipalNames | Select-Object DisplayName, SignInName,ObjectType), $true, "CriticalSPNs")
                $controlResult.AddMessage("Below is the list SPNs (excluding approved central accounts) which have either owner or contributor access on subscription:", $servicePrincipalNames)
            }
            else {
                    $controlResult.VerificationResult =[VerificationResult]::Passed
            }
        }
        else
        {
            #If the VM is connected to ERNetwork and there is no NSG, then we should not fail as this would directly conflict with the NSG control as well.
            $controlResult.CurrentSessionContext.Permissions.HasRequiredAccess = $false;
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Manual, "Not able to query Graph API. This has to be manually verified.");
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckResourceLocksUsage([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $foundLocks = $true
        $lockDtls = $null
        #Command will throw exception if no locks found
        try {
                $lockDtls = Get-AzResourceLock -ErrorAction Stop # -Scope "/subscriptions/$SubscriptionId"
        }
        catch
        {
            $foundLocks = $false
        }
        if($null -eq $lockDtls)
        {
            $foundLocks = $false
        }

        if($foundLocks)
        {
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Resource Locks on subscription", $lockDtls);
            #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Verify, "Subscription lock details :", ($lockDtls | Select-Object Name, @{Name="Lock Level";Expression={$_.Properties.level}}, LockId, @{Name="Notes";Expression={$_.Properties.notes}} ), $true, "SubscriptionLocks")
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Verify, "Subscription lock details :", ($lockDtls | Select-Object Name,  @{Name="Lock Level";Expression={$_.Properties.level}}, LockId, @{Name="Notes";Expression={$_.Properties.notes}} ))
        }
        else
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "There are no resource locks present on the subscription.");
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckARMPoliciesCompliance([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {

        $subARMPol = [ARMPolicy]::new($this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId, $this.InvocationContext, "Mandatory", $false);
        $output = @()
        $foundMandatoryPolicies = $true

        [bool] $IsValidVersion = $false;
        [bool] $IsLatestVersion = $false;
        [string] $CurrentVersion = "0.0.0";
        [string] $LatestVersion = "0.0.0";
        $AzSKRG = [ConfigurationManager]::GetAzSKConfigData().AzSKRGName
        $nonCompliantPolicies = $subARMPol.ValidatePolicyConfiguration();

        if(($nonCompliantPolicies | Measure-Object).Count -le 0)
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "Found all the mandatory policies on the Subscription.");
        }
        else
        {
            $controlResult.EnableFixControl = $true;
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Missing ARM policies", $nonCompliantPolicies);
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Some of the mandatory policies are missing]", $nonCompliantPolicies);
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckCriticalAlertsPresence([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $alertDiffList = @()
        $operationsDiffList = @()
        $foundRequiredAlerts = $false
        $isValidVersion = $false;
        $isLatestVersion = $false;
        $currentVersion = "0.0.0";
        $latestVersion = "0.0.0";
        $configuredAlerts = $null
    
        # Get list of alerts from Json file
        $alertConfig =  $this.LoadServerConfigFile("Subscription.InsARMAlerts.json");
        $subInsightsAlertsConfig = $alertConfig.AlertList | Where-Object { ($_.tags -contains "Mandatory") -or ($_.tags -contains "Optional")}
        
        # Get currently set alert's version
        $alertsPkgRG = [ConfigurationManager]::GetAzSKConfigData().AzSKRGName
        $currentVersion = [ResourceGroupHelper]::GetResourceGroupTag($alertsPkgRG, [Constants]::AzSKAlertsVersionTagName)
        if([string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($currentVersion))
        {
            $currentVersion = "0.0.0"
        }
        $minSupportedVersion = [ConfigurationManager]::GetAzSKConfigData().AzSKAlertsMinReqdVersion 
        $IsLatestVersion = [ResourceGroupHelper]::IsLatestVersionConfiguredOnSub($alertConfig.Version,[Constants]::AzSKAlertsVersionTagName);
        $IsValidVersion = ($IsLatestVersion) -or ([System.Version]$minSupportedVersion -le [System.Version]$currentVersion) ;
        $LatestVersion = $alertConfig.Version;

        # Get currently configured alerts from azure portal
        if(($subInsightsAlertsConfig | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
        {        
            $alertsRG = Get-AzResourceGroup | Where-Object {$_.ResourceGroupName -eq "$alertsPkgRG"}
            if (($alertsRG | Measure-Object).Count -eq 1)
            {
                $configuredAlerts = Get-AzResource -ResourceType "Microsoft.Insights/activityLogAlerts" -ResourceGroupName  $alertsPkgRG -ExpandProperties -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
            }            
            if(($configuredAlerts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $matchingAlertRulesNames = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $configuredAlerts.Name -DifferenceObject $subInsightsAlertsConfig.Name -IncludeEqual -ExcludeDifferent
                if(($matchingAlertRulesNames| Measure-Object).count -gt 0)
                {
                    $configuredAlerts = $configuredAlerts | Where-Object { $matchingAlertRulesNames.InputObject -contains $_.Name }
                    if(($configuredAlerts | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                    {
                        $currentAlertsOperationsList = $configuredAlerts | ForEach-Object { 
                            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($_,"Properties.condition") -and (($_.Properties.condition.allOf | Measure-Object).Count -eq 3) -and [Helpers]::CheckMember($_.Properties.condition.allOf[2],"anyOf"))
                            {
                                $_.Properties.condition.allOf[2].anyOf
                            }
                        } | Select-Object -property @{N='OperationName';E={$_.equals}} -Unique    
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        $currentAlertsOperationsList = $null
                    }
                    $requiredAlertsOperations = ($subInsightsAlertsConfig | Where{ $_.Tags -contains $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags}).AlertOperationList 
                    $requiredAlertsOperationsList = ($requiredAlertsOperations | Where-Object { $_.Tags -contains $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags }).OperationName
                    if((($currentAlertsOperationsList| Measure-Object).Count -gt 0) -and (($requiredAlertsOperationsList | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0))
                    {
                        $operationsDiffList = Compare-Object -ReferenceObject $requiredAlertsOperationsList -DifferenceObject $currentAlertsOperationsList.OperationName | Where-Object { $_.SideIndicator -eq "<=" }
                        if(($operationsDiffList| Measure-Object).Count -eq 0)
                        {
                            $foundRequiredAlerts = $true
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            $operationsDiffList = $operationsDiffList.InputObject
                            $foundRequiredAlerts = $false
                        }
                    }
                    elseif(($requiredAlertsOperationsList| Measure-Object).Count -eq 0)
                    {
                        $foundRequiredAlerts = $true
                    }
                    elseif(($currentAlertsOperationsList | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0)
                    {
                        $foundRequiredAlerts = $false
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    # Alert(s) not found in specified RG
                    $foundRequiredAlerts = $false
                }
            }
            else {
                #If new alerts are not found and server flag EnableV1AlertFailure is false,
                #then check for V1 alerts presence and pass the control with the warning
                if(-not $this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.EnableV1AlertFailure)
                {
                    $foundRequiredAlerts= $this.CheckV1CriticalAlertsPresence();                    
                }
                else
                {
                    $foundRequiredAlerts = $false                    
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            # No alert(s) defined in JSON file
            $foundRequiredAlerts = $true    
        }
        if($foundRequiredAlerts)
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "Insights alerts has been configured on the subscription.");
        }
        elseif(-not $IsLatestVersion -and $IsValidVersion)
        {
            $this.PublishCustomMessage("WARNING: The Azure Insight alerts configured in your subscription are out of date.`nPlease update to the latest version by running command Update-AzSKSubscriptionSecurity.", [MessageType]::Warning);            
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "Insights alerts has been configured with older policy on the subscription. To update as per latest configuration, run command Update-AzSKSubscriptionSecurity.");
        }
        else
        {
            $controlResult.EnableFixControl = $true;            
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Missing mandatory critical alerts");
            if($controlResult.FixControlParameters)
            {
                $controlResult.FixControlParameters.Tags = $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags;
            }
            
                if(($alertDiffList| Measure-Object).Count -ne 0)
                {
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Missing mandatory critical alerts list on the subscription.", $alertDiffList);    
                    $controlResult.SetStateData("Missing mandatory critical alerts", $alertDiffList);
                }
                if(($operationsDiffList | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0)
                {
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Operation mismatch in critical alerts on the subscription.", $operationsDiffList);    
                    $controlResult.SetStateData("Missing mandatory critical alerts", $operationsDiffList);
                }                                
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    #Below function is to check V1 critical alerts presence. This is temporary function to support backward compatibility for alert.
    hidden [bool] CheckV1CriticalAlertsPresence()
    {
        $output = @()
        $subInsightsAlertsConfig = $this.LoadServerConfigFile("Subscription.InsAlerts.json")
        $foundRequiredAlerts = $true
        if($null -ne $subInsightsAlertsConfig)
        {
            $subInsightsAlertsConfig =[array]($subInsightsAlertsConfig)

            $alertsPkgRG = "AzSKAlertsRG"
            $alertsRG = [array] (Get-AzResourceGroup | Where-Object {$_.ResourceGroupName -match "^$alertsPkgRG"})
            $configuredAlerts = $null
            if (($alertsRG | Measure-Object).Count -eq 1)
            {
                $configuredAlerts = Get-AzAlertRule -ResourceGroup $alertsPkgRG -WarningAction SilentlyContinue
            }

            if((($alertsRG | Measure-Object).Count -eq 1) -and ($null -ne $configuredAlerts)){
                $subInsightsAlertsConfig | ForEach-Object{
                    Set-Variable -Name alert -Scope Local -Value $_
                    Set-Variable -Name alertEnabled -Scope Local -Value $_.Enabled
                    Set-Variable -Name alertName -Scope Local -Value $_.Name
                    Set-Variable -Name tags -Scope Local -Value $_.Tags
                    $haveMatchedTags = ((($tags | Where-Object { $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags -contains $_ }) | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                    if($alertEnabled -and $haveMatchedTags)
                    {
                        $foundAlert = [array]($configuredAlerts | Where-Object  {$_.Name -eq $alertName})
                        if($null -eq $foundAlert -or ($foundAlert | Measure-Object).Count -le 0)
                        {
                            $foundRequiredAlerts = $false
                            $output += $alert
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                $foundRequiredAlerts = $false
            }
        }

        if($foundRequiredAlerts)
        {
            $this.PublishCustomMessage("Old AzSK alerts are present on subscription. This will be deprecated soon. Please update alerts with 'Set-AzSKAlerts' cmdlet.", [MessageType]::Warning);
            return $true
        }
        else
        {
            return $false
        }        
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckCustomRBACRolesPresence([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $this.GetRoleAssignments()
        $out = @()
        $customRoles = @();
        $customRolesWithAssignment = @()

        $whitelistedCustomRoleIds = @();
        $whitelistedCustomRoleIds += $this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedCustomRBACRoles | Select-Object -Property Id | Select-Object -ExpandProperty Id
        $CustomRBACAssignedRolesCount=0;
        $customRoles += Get-AzRoleDefinition -Custom | Where-Object { $whitelistedCustomRoleIds -notcontains $_.Id };
        $customRoles | ForEach-Object {
            $role = $_;
            $roleWithAssignment = $role | Select-Object *, RoleAssignmentCount;
            $roleWithAssignment.RoleAssignmentCount = ($this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object { $_.RoleDefinitionId -eq $role.Id } | Measure-Object).Count;
            $CustomRBACAssignedRolesCount+=$roleWithAssignment.RoleAssignmentCount;
            $customRolesWithAssignment += $roleWithAssignment;
        }

        if($whitelistedCustomRoleIds.Count -ne 0)
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage("No. of whitelisted custom RBAC roles: $($whitelistedCustomRoleIds.Count)", $this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedCustomRBACRoles);
        }

        if($CustomRBACAssignedRolesCount -eq 0)
        {
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "No custom RBAC role definitions with active role assignments found. ")
        }
        else
        {            
            $customRoleAssignments = $customRolesWithAssignment | Where-object { $_.RoleAssignmentCount -gt 0} 
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Custom RBAC definitions with active assignments", $customRoleAssignments)
            $out= $customRoleAssignments | Select-Object Name,Description,Id,RoleAssignmentCount;
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Verify, "Found $($customRolesWithAssignment.Count) custom RBAC role definitions`r`nCustom RBAC roles definitions with active role assignments : `n", $out);
        }

        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckPresenceOfClassicResources([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
       $classicResources = [array] (Get-AzResource | Where-Object {$_.ResourceType -like "*classic*"} )
        if(($classicResources | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
        {
            #$controlResult.SetStateData("Classic resources on subscription", $classicResources);

            $ClassicStorageCount = 0;
            $CloudServiceCount = 0;
            $ClassicVMCount = 0;
            $ClassicVNetCount = 0;

            $ClassicVMCount = (Get-AzResource -ResourceType Microsoft.ClassicCompute/virtualMachines | Measure-Object).Count;
            $ClassicStorageCount = (Get-AzResource -ResourceType Microsoft.ClassicStorage/storageAccounts | Measure-Object).Count;
            $CloudServiceCount = (Get-AzResource -ResourceType Microsoft.ClassicCompute/domainNames | Measure-Object).Count;
            $ClassicVNetCount = (Get-AzResource -ResourceType Microsoft.ClassicNetwork/virtualNetworks | Measure-Object).Count;

            #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found classic resources on the subscription.", $classicResources, $true, "ClassicResources")

            $classicResourcesCount = New-Object -TypeName PSObject
            $classicResourcesCount | Add-Member -NotePropertyName VMCount -NotePropertyValue $ClassicVMCount
            $classicResourcesCount | Add-Member -NotePropertyName Storagecount -NotePropertyValue $ClassicStoragecount
            $classicResourcesCount | Add-Member -NotePropertyName CloudServicecount -NotePropertyValue $CloudServicecount
            $classicResourcesCount | Add-Member -NotePropertyName ClassicVNetCount -NotePropertyValue $ClassicVNetCount

            $controlResult.AddMessage("Found classic resources on the subscription :");
            $controlResult.AddMessage($classicResourcesCount);
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Classic resources on subscription", $classicResourcesCount);

            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Classic resource details" ,$classicResources)
        }
        else
        {
           $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
        }

        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckPresenceOfClassicVMs([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $classicVMResources = [array] (Get-AzResource -ResourceType Microsoft.ClassicCompute/virtualMachines)
        if(($classicVMResources | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
        {
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Classic virtual machines on subscription", $classicVMResources);
            #$controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found classic resources on the subscription.", $classicResources, $true, "ClassicResources")
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Found classic virtual machines on the subscription.", $classicVMResources)
        }
        else
        {
           $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
        }

        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckPublicIpUsage([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $publicIps = Get-AzPublicIpAddress
        $ipFlatList = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
        foreach($publicIp in $publicIps){
            $ip = $publicIp | Select-Object ResourceGroupName, Name, Location, PublicIpAllocationMethod, IpAddress, PublicIpAddressVersion, AssociatedResourceType, AssociatedResourceId, AssociatedResourceName, Fqdn
            $ip.AssociatedResourceType = "Not Associated"
            $ip.AssociatedResourceName = "Not Associated"
            $ip.Fqdn = "Not Set"
            $ipConfig = $publicIp.IpConfiguration
            if($null -ne $ipConfig -and ![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ipConfig.Id)) {
                $ip.AssociatedResourceId = $ipConfig.Id
                try {
                    $providerIndex = $ipConfig.Id.IndexOf("/providers/")
                    $associatedResourceTypeStart = $providerIndex + 11
                    $associatedResourceTypeEnd = $ipConfig.Id.IndexOf("/", $ipConfig.Id.IndexOf("/", $associatedResourceTypeStart) + 1)
                    $associatedResourceTypeLength =  $associatedResourceTypeEnd - $associatedResourceTypeStart
                    $ip.AssociatedResourceType = $ipConfig.Id.SubString($associatedResourceTypeStart, $associatedResourceTypeLength)
                    $associatedResourceNameStart = $associatedResourceTypeEnd + 1
                    $associatedResourceNameLength = $ipConfig.Id.IndexOf("/", $associatedResourceNameStart) - $associatedResourceNameStart
                    $ip.AssociatedResourceName = $ipConfig.Id.SubString($associatedResourceNameStart, $associatedResourceNameLength)
                }
                catch {}
            }
            if($null -ne $publicIp.DnsSettings -and ![string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($publicIp.DnsSettings.Fqdn)) {
                $ip.Fqdn = $publicIp.DnsSettings.Fqdn
            }
            $ipFlatList.Add($ip) | Out-Null
        }
        if($ipFlatList.Count -gt 0)
        {
            $controlResult.SetStateData("Public IPs on the subscription", $ipFlatList);
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Verify, "Found public IPs on the subscription.", $ipFlatList)
        }
        else
        {
           $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckPermanentRoleAssignments([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $message = '';
        $whitelistedPermanentRoles = $null
        if($null -eq $this.PIMAssignments -and $null -eq $this.permanentAssignments)
        {
            $message=$this.GetPIMRoles();
        }
        if($message -ne 'OK') # if there is some while making request message will contain exception
        {

                $controlResult.AddMessage("Unable to fetch PIM data, please verify manually.")
                $controlResult.AddMessage($message);
        }
        else 
        {
            $criticalRoles = $this.ControlSettings.CriticalPIMRoles.Subscription;
            $permanentRoles = $this.permanentAssignments;
            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"WhitelistedPermanentRoles"))
            {
                $whitelistedPermanentRoles = $this.ControlSettings.whitelistedPermanentRoles
            }
            if(($permanentRoles | measure-object).Count -gt 0 )
            {
                
                $criticalPermanentRoles = $permanentRoles | Where-Object{$_.RoleDefinitionName -in $criticalRoles -and ($_.ObjectType -eq 'User' -or $_.ObjectType -eq 'Group')}
                if($null -ne $whitelistedPermanentRoles)
                {
                    $criticalPermanentRoles = $criticalPermanentRoles | Where-Object{ $_.DisplayName -notin $whitelistedPermanentRoles.DisplayName}
                }
                if(($criticalPermanentRoles| measure-object).Count -gt 0)
                {
                    $controlResult.SetStateData("Permanent role assignments present on subscription",$criticalPermanentRoles)
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Subscription contains permanent role assignment for critical roles : $criticalRoles")
                    $permanentRolesbyRoleDefinition=$criticalPermanentRoles|Sort-Object -Property RoleDefinitionName
                    $controlResult.AddMessage($permanentRolesbyRoleDefinition);
                    
                }
                else 
                {
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "No permanent assignments found for the following roles at subscription scope: $($criticalRoles -join ', ')")
                }
            }
            else
            {    
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "No permanent assignments found for the following roles at subscription scope: $($criticalRoles -join ', ')")
            }
    
        }

        return $controlResult

    }

    # This function evaluates permanent role assignments at resource group level.
    hidden [ControlResult] CheckRGLevelPermanentRoleAssignments([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        
        $whitelistedPermanentRoles = $null
        $message=$this.GetRGLevelPIMRoles();
        if($message -ne 'OK') # if there is some while making request message will contain exception
        {

            $controlResult.AddMessage("Unable to fetch PIM data, please verify manually.")
            $controlResult.AddMessage($message);
            return $controlResult;
        }
        else
        {
        # 'Owner' and 'User Access Administrator' are high privileged roles. These roles should not be give permanent access at resource group level.
            $criticalRoles = $this.ControlSettings.CriticalPIMRoles.ResourceGroup;
            $permanentRoles = $this.RGLevelPermanentAssignments;
            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"WhitelistedPermanentRoles"))
            {
                $whitelistedPermanentRoles = $this.ControlSettings.whitelistedPermanentRoles
            }
            
            if(($permanentRoles | measure-object).Count -gt 0 )
            {
                $criticalPermanentRoles = $permanentRoles | Where-Object{$_.RoleDefinitionName -in $criticalRoles -and ($_.ObjectType -eq 'User' -or $_.ObjectType -eq 'Group')}
                if($null -ne $whitelistedPermanentRoles)
                {
                    $criticalPermanentRoles = $criticalPermanentRoles | Where-Object{ $_.DisplayName -notin $whitelistedPermanentRoles.DisplayName}
                }
                if(($criticalPermanentRoles| measure-object).Count -gt 0)
                {
                    $controlResult.SetStateData("Permanent role assignments present on resource groups",$criticalPermanentRoles)
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Resource groups contains permanent role assignment for critical roles : $($criticalRoles -join ',')")
                    $permanentRolesbyRoleDefinition=$criticalPermanentRoles|Sort-Object -Property RoleDefinitionName | Select-Object SubscriptionId, @{Name="ResourceGroupName"; Expression={$_.Scope.Split("/")[-1]}}, DisplayName, ObjectType, RoleDefinitionName | Format-List | Out-String
                    $controlResult.AddMessage($permanentRolesbyRoleDefinition);
                    
                }
                else 
                {
                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "No permanent assignments found for the following roles at resource group scope: $($criticalRoles -join ', ')")
                }
            }
            else
            {
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "No permanent assignments found for the following roles at resource group scope: $($criticalRoles -join ', ')")
                
            }        
        
        }

        return $controlResult

    }
    
    hidden [ControlResult] CheckMandatoryTags([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
                    #Check if mandatory tags list present
            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"MandatoryTags") -and ($this.ControlSettings.MandatoryTags | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0)
            {
                $whitelistedResourceGroupsRegex = [System.Collections.ArrayList]::new()
                if ([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"WhitelistedResourceGroups") -and ($this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedResourceGroups | Measure-Object).Count -ne 0) 
                {
                    $whitelistedResourceGroupsRegex = $this.ControlSettings.WhitelistedResourceGroups                        
                }
                $whitelistedResourceGroupsRegex = (('^' + (($whitelistedResourceGroupsRegex |foreach {[regex]::escape($_)}) â€“join '|') + '$')) -replace '[\\]',''
                $resourceGroups = Get-AzResourceGroup | Where-Object {$_.ResourceGroupName -inotmatch $whitelistedResourceGroupsRegex}

                    if(($resourceGroups | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                    {
                                    $rgTagStatus = $true
                                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nTotal number of RGs:" + ($resourceGroups | Measure-Object).Count)
                                    $this.ControlSettings.MandatoryTags | ForEach-Object {
                                                    $tagObject = $_
                                                    
                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nPolicy Requirement: `n`tTag: '$($tagObject.Name)' `n`tScope: '$($tagObject.Scope)' `n`tExpected Values: '$($tagObject.Values)' `n`tExpected Type: '$($tagObject.Type)'")

                                                    #Step1 Validate if tag present on RG
                                                    $rgListwithoutTags = $resourceGroups | Where-Object { [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.Tags) -or (-not ($_.Tags.Keys -icontains $tagObject.Name))}
                                                    
                                                    if(($rgListwithoutTags | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                                                    {
                                                                    $rgTagStatus = $false
                                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nTotal number of RGs without Tag: " + ($rgListwithoutTags | Measure-Object).Count, ($rgListwithoutTags | Select-Object ResourceGroupName | ForEach-Object {$_.ResourceGroupName}))
                                                    }
                                                    
                                                    $rgListwithDuplicateTags = $resourceGroups | Where-Object { (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.Tags)) -and (($_.Tags.Keys -match "\b$($tagObject.Name)\b") | Measure-Object).Count -gt 1 }
                                                    
                                                    if(($rgListwithDuplicateTags | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                                                    {
                                                                    $rgTagStatus = $false
                                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nTotal number of RGs with duplicate Tag(multiple Tags with same name): " + ($rgListwithDuplicateTags | Measure-Object).Count, ($rgListwithDuplicateTags | Select-Object ResourceGroupName | ForEach-Object {$_.ResourceGroupName}))
                                                    }

                                                    $rgListwithTags = $resourceGroups | Where-Object { (-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.Tags)) -and (($_.Tags.Keys -match "\b$($tagObject.Name)\b") | Measure-Object).Count -eq 1 }
                                                    
                                                    if(($rgListwithTags| Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                                                    {
                                                                    if($tagObject.Values -notcontains "*")
                                                                    {
                                                                                    #Validate if expected tag value is present
                                                                                    $rgListwithoutTagValue = $rgListwithTags | Where-Object { $_.Tags[$_.Tags.Keys -match "\b$($tagObject.Name)\b"] -inotin $tagObject.Values} #$rgListwithTags | Where-Object { $_.Tags | Where-Object { $_.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object { $_.Key -eq $tagObject.Name -and $_.Value -notin $tagObject.Values}}}
                                                                                    if(($rgListwithoutTagValue | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                                                                                    {
                                                                                                    $rgTagStatus = $false
                                                                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nTotal number of RGs without expected value : " + ($rgListwithoutTagValue | Measure-Object).Count, ($rgListwithoutTagValue | Select-Object ResourceGroupName | ForEach-Object {$_.ResourceGroupName}))
                                                                                    }
                                                                    }

                                                                    #Validate tag value type
                                                                    if($tagObject.ValidateTagValueType -and ($rgListwithTags| Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                                                                    {     
                                                                                    switch($tagObject.Type)
                                                                                    {
                                                                                                    ("Guid") {  
                                                                                                                    $emptyGuid = [Guid]::Empty 
                                                                                                                    $RGListWithoutExpectedTypeValue = $rgListwithTags | Where-Object { (-not [Guid]::TryParse($_.Tags[$_.Tags.Keys -match "\b$($tagObject.Name)\b"], [ref] $emptyGuid))} #$rgListwithTags | Where-Object { $_.Tags | Where-Object { $_.GetEnumerator() | Where-Object {$_.Key -eq $tagObject.Name -and (-not [Guid]::TryParse($_.Value, [ref] $emptyGuid))}}}
                                                                                                                    if(($RGListWithoutExpectedTypeValue | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                                                                                                                    {
                                                                                                                                    $rgTagStatus = $false
                                                                                                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nTotal number of RGs without expected value type: " + ($RGListWithoutExpectedTypeValue | Measure-Object).Count,($RGListWithoutExpectedTypeValue | Select-Object ResourceGroupName | foreach {$_.ResourceGroupName}))
                                                                                                                    }
                                                                                                    }
                                                                                    }
                                                                    }
                                                    }
                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage([Constants]::UnderScoreLineLine)
                                    }
                                    
                                    if(-not $rgTagStatus)
                                    {
                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, "Resource group(s) failed to comply with mandatory tags." )
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "Resource group(s) comply with mandatory tags." )
                                    }                                                              
                    }
                    else
                    {
                                    $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed,"No resource group(s) found" )
                    }
            }
            else
            {
                            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed,"No mandatory tags required" )
            }

            return $controlResult
    }


    hidden [ControlResult] CheckASCTier ([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $ascTierContentDetails = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.ASCTier;
        
        $VMASCTier = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.VMASCTier;
        $SQLASCTier = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.SQLASCTier;
        $AppSvcASCTier = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.AppSvcASCTier;
        $StorageASCTier = $this.SecurityCenterInstance.StorageASCTier;

        [string[]] $MisconfiguredASCTier = @(); #This will store information of all the misconfigured ASC pricing tier for individual resource types.

        if(-not [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($ascTierContentDetails))        
        {
            [bool] $bool = $true;
            
            $ascTier = "Standard"

            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"SubscriptionCore.ASCTier"))
            {
                $bool = $bool -and ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ASCTier -contains $ascTierContentDetails)
            }
            else
            {
                $bool = $bool -and ($ascTier -eq $ascTierContentDetails)
            }

            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.VirtualMachines"))
            {
                $VM = ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.VirtualMachines -contains $VMASCTier)
                if(-not $VM)
                {
                    $MisconfiguredASCTier += ("$($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.VirtualMachines) pricing tier is not configured for virtual machines.")    
                }
                
                $bool = $bool -and $VM
            }

            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.SqlServers"))
            {
                $SQL = ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.SqlServers -contains $SQLASCTier)
                if(-not $SQL)
                {
                    $MisconfiguredASCTier += ("$($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.SqlServers) pricing tier is not configured for SQL servers.")
                }
                
                $bool = $bool -and $SQL
            }

            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.AppServices"))
            {
                $AppSvc = ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.AppServices -contains $AppSvcASCTier)
                if(-not $AppSvc)
                {
                    $MisconfiguredASCTier += ("$($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.AppServices) pricing tier is not configured for app services.")
                }

                $bool = $bool -and $AppSvc
            }

            if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.StorageAccounts"))
            {
                $Storage = ($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.StorageAccounts -contains $StorageASCTier)
                if(-not $Storage)
                {
                    $MisconfiguredASCTier += ("$($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.ResourceTypeASCTier.StorageAccounts) pricing tier is not configured for storage accounts.")
                }
                
                $bool = $bool -and $Storage
            }

            $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionMetadata.Add("MisconfiguredASCTier",$MisconfiguredASCTier); #Adding misconfigured ASC tier in the metadata.
            if($bool)            
            {
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, "Expected pricing tier is configured for ASC." )
            }
            else
            {
                $controlResult.SetStateData("Expected pricing tier is not configured for ASC.", $MisconfiguredASCTier);
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Failed, [MessageData]::new("Expected pricing tier is not configured for ASC.", $MisconfiguredASCTier));
            }
        }
        return $controlResult
    }

    hidden [void] LoadRBACConfig()
    {
        if(($this.MandatoryAccounts | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0 `
            -or ($this.ApprovedAdmins | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0 `
            -or ($this.DeprecatedAccounts | Measure-Object).Count -eq 0 `
            )
            {
                $this.MandatoryAccounts = @()
                $this.ApprovedAdmins = @()
                $this.ApprovedSPNs = @()
                $subRBACConfig = $this.LoadServerConfigFile("Subscription.RBAC.json")
                if($null -ne $subRBACConfig)
                {
                     $subRBACConfig.ValidActiveAccounts | Where-Object {$_.Enabled} | ForEach-Object{
                         if($_.RoleDefinitionName -eq "Owner")
                         {
                            $this.ApprovedAdmins += $_
                         }
                         if(($_.Tags | Where-Object {$_ -eq $this.SubscriptionMandatoryTags } | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
                         {
                            $this.MandatoryAccounts += $_
                         }
                         if($_.ObjectType -eq "ServicePrincipal")
                         {
                            $this.ApprovedSPNs += $_
                         }
                    }
                }
                $this.DeprecatedAccounts = $subRBACConfig.DeprecatedAccounts | Where-Object {$_.Enabled}
            }
    }

    hidden [void] GetRoleAssignments()
    {
        if($null -eq $this.RoleAssignments)
        {
            $this.RoleAssignments =  [RoleAssignmentHelper]::GetAzSKRoleAssignment($true,$true)
            #filter deleted user/group/spn assignments
            $deletedUserAssignments = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object{ [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.DisplayName) -and [string]::IsNullOrWhiteSpace($_.SignInName) -and $_.ObjectType -eq 'Unknown'}
            if(($deletedUserAssignments | Measure-Object).Count -gt 0)
            {
                $this.RoleAssignments = $this.RoleAssignments | Where-Object{ $deletedUserAssignments.RoleAssignmentId -inotcontains $_.RoleAssignmentId }            
            }
        }
    }

    hidden [void] GetManagementCertificates()
    {
        $ResourceAppIdURI = [WebRequestHelper]::GetServiceManagementUrl()
        $ClassicAccessToken = [ContextHelper]::GetAccessToken($ResourceAppIdURI)
        if($null -ne $ClassicAccessToken)
        {
            $header = "Bearer " + $ClassicAccessToken
            $headers = @{"Authorization"=$header;"Content-Type"="application/json"; "x-ms-version" ="2013-08-01"}
            $uri = [string]::Format("{0}/{1}/certificates",$ResourceAppIdURI,$this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId)
            $mgmtCertsResponse = Invoke-WebRequest -Method GET -Uri $uri -Headers $headers -UseBasicParsing
            if($mgmtCertsResponse.StatusCode -ge 200 -and $mgmtCertsResponse.StatusCode -le 399)
            {
                if($null -ne $mgmtCertsResponse.Content)
                {
                    [xml] $mgmtCerts = $mgmtCertsResponse.Content;
                    $this.ManagementCertificates = @();
                    if($null -ne $mgmtCerts -and [Helpers]::CheckMember($mgmtCerts, "SubscriptionCertificates.SubscriptionCertificate"))
                    {
                        $this.ManagementCertificates = [ManagementCertificate]::ListManagementCertificates($mgmtCerts.SubscriptionCertificates.SubscriptionCertificate)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    hidden [void] GetASCAlerts()
    {
        $ResourceAppIdURI = [WebRequestHelper]::GetResourceManagerUrl()
        $AccessToken = [ContextHelper]::GetAccessToken($ResourceAppIdURI)
        if($null -ne $AccessToken)
        {
            $header = "Bearer " + $AccessToken
            $headers = @{"Authorization"=$header;"Content-Type"="application/json";}

            # Commenting this as it's costly call and expected to happen in Set-ASC/SSS/USS
            #[SecurityCenterHelper]::RegisterResourceProvider();

            $uri=[system.string]::Format($ResourceAppIdURI+"subscriptions/{0}/providers/microsoft.Security/alerts?api-version=2015-06-01-preview",$this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId)
            $result = ""
            $err = $null
            $output = $null
            try {
                $result = Invoke-WebRequest -Method GET -Uri $uri -Headers $headers -UseBasicParsing
                if($result.StatusCode -ge 200 -and $result.StatusCode -le 399){
                    if($null -ne $result.Content){
                        $json = (ConvertFrom-Json $result.Content)
                        if($null -ne $json){
                            if(($json | Get-Member -Name "value"))
                            {
                                $output += $json.value;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                $output += $json;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            catch{
                $err = $_
                if($null -ne $err)
                {
                    if($null -ne $err.ErrorDetails.Message){
                        $json = (ConvertFrom-Json $err.ErrorDetails.Message)
                        if($null -ne $json){
                            $return = $json
                            if($json.'odata.error'.code -eq "Request_ResourceNotFound")
                            {
                                $return = $json.'odata.error'.message
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            $this.ASCSettings.Alerts = [AzureSecurityCenter]::GetASCAlerts($output)
        }
    }    

    hidden [string] GetPIMRoles()
    {
        $message='';
        if($null -eq $this.PIMAssignments)
        {
            $ResourceAppIdURI = [WebRequestHelper]::GetServiceManagementUrl()
            $accessToken = [ContextHelper]::GetAccessToken($ResourceAppIdURI)
            if($null -ne $AccessToken)
            {
                $authorisationToken = "Bearer " + $accessToken
                $headers = @{"Authorization"=$authorisationToken;"Content-Type"="application/json"}
                $uri=[Constants]::PIMAPIUri +"?`$filter=type%20eq%20%27subscription%27&`$orderby=displayName"
                try
                {
                    #Get external id for the current subscription
                    $response=[WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($uri, $headers)
                    $subId=$this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId;
                    $this.SubscriptionExtId = $response| Where-Object{$_.externalId.split('/') -contains $subId}
                    $resourceID=$this.SubscriptionExtId.id;
                    $this.PIMAssignments=@();
                    $this.permanentAssignments=@();
                    if($null -ne $response -and $null -ne $resourceID)
                    {
                        #Get RoleAssignments from PIM API
                        $url=[string]::Format([Constants]::PIMAPIUri +"/{0}/roleAssignments?`$expand=subject,roleDefinition(`$expand=resource)", $resourceID)
                        $responseContent=[WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($url, $headers)
                        foreach ($roleAssignment in $responseContent)
                        {
                            $item= New-Object TelemetryRBAC 
                            $item.SubscriptionId= $subId;
                            $item.RoleAssignmentId = $roleAssignment.externalId
                            $item.RoleDefinitionId=$roleAssignment.roleDefinition.templateId
                            $item.Scope=$roleAssignment.roleDefinition.resource.externalId;
                            $item.RoleDefinitionName = $roleAssignment.roleDefinition.displayName
                            $item.ObjectId = $roleAssignment.subject.id
                            $item.DisplayName = $roleAssignment.subject.displayName
                            $item.ObjectType=$roleAssignment.subject.type;
                            $item.MemberType = $roleAssignment.memberType;
                            if($roleAssignment.memberType -ne 'Inherited')
                                {
                                    if($roleAssignment.assignmentState -eq 'Eligible')
                                    {
                                        #If roleAssignment is non permanent, even the active PIM assignments would appear in this list
                                        $item.IsPIMEnabled=$true;
                                        $this.PIMAssignments.Add($item);
                                        
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        #If roleAssignment is permanent the linkedEligbibleRoleAssignmentId would be null when the assignment is permanently Active
                                        if([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($roleAssignment.linkedEligibleRoleAssignmentId))
                                        {
                                            $item.IsPIMEnabled=$false;
                                            $this.permanentAssignments.Add($item);
                                        }

                                    }
                                }
                        }
                        
                    }
                    $message='OK';
                }
                catch
                {
                    $message=$_;
                }
            }
        }

        return($message);
    }

    hidden [string] GetRGLevelPIMRoles()
    {
        $message='';
        if($null -eq $this.RGLevelPIMAssignments -and $null -eq $this.RGLevelPermanentAssignments)
        {
            $ResourceAppIdURI = [WebRequestHelper]::GetServiceManagementUrl()
            $accessToken = [ContextHelper]::GetAccessToken($ResourceAppIdURI)
            if($null -ne $AccessToken)
            {
                $authorisationToken = "Bearer " + $accessToken
                $headers = @{"Authorization"=$authorisationToken;"Content-Type"="application/json"}
                $uri=[Constants]::PIMAPIUri +"?`$filter=(type%20eq%20%27resourcegroup%27)%20and%20contains(tolower(externalId),%20%27{0}%27)&`$orderby=displayName" -f $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId.ToLower()
                try
                {
                    #Get external id for the current subscription
                    $response=[WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($uri, $headers)
                    
                    $subId=$this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId;
                    $extID=$response| Where-Object{$_.externalId.split('/') -contains $subId}
                    $resourceIDs=$extID.id;
                    $this.RGLevelPIMAssignments=@();
                    $this.RGLevelPermanentAssignments=@();
                    if($null -ne $response -and $null -ne $resourceIDs)
                    {
                        $loopCount = 0
                        foreach($resourceID in $resourceIDs)
                        {
                            #This check is to avoid too many API calls in a minute
                            $loopCount++;
                            if($loopCount -eq 400)
                            {
                                sleep 60;
                                $loopCount = 0
                            }
                            #Get RoleAssignments from PIM API
                            $url=[string]::Format([Constants]::PIMAPIUri +"/{0}/roleAssignments?`$expand=subject,roleDefinition(`$expand=resource)", $resourceID)
                            $responseContent=[WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($url, $headers)
                            foreach ($roleAssignment in $responseContent)
                            {
                                $item= New-Object TelemetryRBAC 
                                $item.SubscriptionId= $subId;
                                $item.RoleAssignmentId = $roleAssignment.externalId
                                $item.RoleDefinitionId=$roleAssignment.roleDefinition.templateId
                                $item.Scope=$roleAssignment.roleDefinition.resource.externalId;
                                $item.RoleDefinitionName = $roleAssignment.roleDefinition.displayName
                                $item.ObjectId = $roleAssignment.subject.id
                                $item.DisplayName = $roleAssignment.subject.displayName
                                $item.ObjectType=$roleAssignment.subject.type;
                                $item.MemberType = $roleAssignment.memberType;
                                if($roleAssignment.memberType -ne 'Inherited')
                                {
                                    if($roleAssignment.assignmentState -eq "Eligible")
                                    {
                                        #If roleAssignment is non permanent and not active
                                        $item.IsPIMEnabled=$true;
                                        $this.RGLevelPIMAssignments.Add($item);
                                        
                                    }
                                    else
                                    {
                                        #If roleAssignment is permanent the linkedEligbibleRoleAssignmentId would be null when the assignment is permanently Active
                                        if([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($roleAssignment.linkedEligibleRoleAssignmentId))
                                        {
                                            $item.IsPIMEnabled=$false;
                                            $this.RGLevelpermanentAssignments.Add($item);
                                        }
                                        
                                        
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    $message='OK';
                }
                catch
                {
                    $message=$_;
                }
            }
        }

        return($message);
    }

    hidden [void] PublishRBACTelemetryData()
    {
        $AccessRoles= $this.RoleAssignments;
        $PIMRoles=$this.PIMAssignments
        
        if($AccessRoles -ne $null)
        {
            $RBACAssignment = New-Object "System.Collections.Generic.List[TelemetryRBAC]"
            $subId=$this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId;
                 foreach($item in $AccessRoles)
                {      $matchingAssignment=New-Object TelemetryRBAC;
                    $RBACTelemetry= New-Object TelemetryRBAC;
                    $RBACTelemetry.SubscriptionId= $subId;
                    $RBACTelemetry.DisplayName=$item.DisplayName;
                    $RBACTelemetry.ObjectId= $item.ObjectId;
                    $RBACTelemetry.Scope=$item.Scope;
                    $RBACTelemetry.ObjectType=$item.ObjectType;
                    $RBACTelemetry.RoleAssignmentId="";
                    if($item.RoleAssignmentId -ne $null)
                    {
                        $RBACTelemetry.RoleAssignmentId=$item.RoleAssignmentId.tostring();
                    }
                    $RBACTelemetry.RoleDefinitionName=$item.RoleDefinitionName;
                    $RBACTelemetry.RoleDefinitionId= $item.RoleDefinitionId;
                    if($null -ne $PIMRoles)
                    {
                        $matchingObject=$PIMRoles| Where-Object{$_.ObjectId -eq $RBACTelemetry.ObjectId -and $_.RoleDefinitionId -eq $RBACTelemetry.RoleDefinitionId -and $_.Scope -eq $RBACTelemetry.Scope}
                        if($null -ne $matchingObject)
                        {
                            $RBACTelemetry.IsPIMEnabled=$true;    
                            
                        }
                    }
                    $RBACAssignment.Add($RBACTelemetry);
                
                
                }
        
        
            if($null -ne $PIMRoles){
                $RBACAssignment.AddRange($PIMRoles);
            }
            
            if($null -ne $this.RGLevelPermanentAssignments)
            {
                $RBACAssignment.AddRange($this.RGLevelPermanentAssignments);
            }
            if($null -ne $this.RGLevelPIMAssignments)
            {
                $RBACAssignment.AddRange($this.RGLevelPIMAssignments);
            }
                
            $this.CustomObject=New-Object CustomData;
            $this.CustomObject.Value=$RBACAssignment;
            $this.CustomObject.Name="RBACTelemetry";
            
        }    
    
    }

    hidden [ControlResult] CheckCredentialHygiene([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $AzSKRG = [ConfigurationManager]::GetAzSKConfigData().AzSKRGName
        $containerName = [Constants]::RotationMetadataContainerName
        $StorageAccount = Get-AzStorageAccount -ResourceGroupName $AzSKRG -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Where-Object {$_.StorageAccountName -like 'azsk*'} -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        $keys = $null;
        
        if($StorageAccount){
            $keys = Get-AzStorageAccountKey -ResourceGroupName $AzSKRG -Name $StorageAccount.StorageAccountName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
        }
        
        if($keys) #Adequate permissions to read credential metadata
        {
            $context = New-AzStorageContext -StorageAccountName $StorageAccount.StorageAccountName -StorageAccountKey $keys.Value[0]
            $container = Get-AzStorageContainer -Name $containerName -Context $context -ErrorAction Ignore
            
            if($container){
                $credBlobs = $container | Get-AzStorageBlob

                $expiredCount = 0; # Count of credentials near to expiry (< 7d)/have expired
                $aboutToExpireCount = 0; # Count of credentials approaching expiry (7d < expiry < 30d)
                $healthyCount = 0; # Count of credentials far from expiry (> 30d)
                [PSObject] $expiredCredentials = @(); # List of credentials near to expiry (< 7d)/have expired
                [PSObject] $aboutToExpireCredentials = @(); # List of credentials approaching expiry (7d < expiry < 30d)
                [PSObject] $healthyCredentials = @(); # List of credentials far from expiry (> 30d)
                [CredHygieneAlert[]] $credAlertObject = @(); # Array of cred alert objects

                $AzSKTemp = (Join-Path $([Constants]::AzSKAppFolderPath) $([Constants]::RotationMetadataSubPath)); 

                $tempSubPath = Join-Path $AzSKTemp $($this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId)

                if(![string]::isnullorwhitespace($this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId)){
                    if(-not (Test-Path $tempSubPath))
                    {
                        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $tempSubPath -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
                    }    
                }
                else{
                    if(-not (Test-Path $AzSKTemp))
                    {
                        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $AzSKTemp -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
                    }
                }

                $credBlobs | ForEach-Object{
                    $file = Join-Path $AzSKTemp -ChildPath $($this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId) | Join-Path -ChildPath $($_.Name)
                    
                    $blobContent = Get-AzStorageBlobContent -Blob $_.Name -Container $container.Name -Context $context -Destination $file -Force -ErrorAction Ignore    
                    $credentialInfo = Get-ChildItem -Path $file -Force | Get-Content | ConvertFrom-Json

                    $currentTime = [DateTime]::UtcNow;
                    $lastRotatedTime = $credentialInfo.lastUpdatedOn;
                    $expiryTime = $lastRotatedTime.AddDays($credentialInfo.rotationInt);

                    # Preparing array of cred alert objects to send to LA.
                    $credAlert = [CredHygieneAlert]::new()
                    $credAlert.ExpiryDueInDays = ($expiryTime - $currentTime).Days
                    if($credAlert.ExpiryDueInDays -le 0){
                        $credAlert.IsExpired = $true
                        $credAlert.ExpiryDueInDays = 0
                    }
                    else{
                        $credAlert.IsExpired = $false
                    }
                    
                    $credAlert.CredentialName = $credentialInfo.credName
                    
                    if([Helpers]::CheckMember($credentialInfo,"credGroup")){
                        $credAlert.CredentialGroup = $credentialInfo.credGroup
                    }
                    
                    $credAlert.LastUpdatedBy = $credentialInfo.lastUpdatedBy
                    $credAlert.SubscriptionId = $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId
                    $credAlert.SubscriptionName = $this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionName
                    $credAlertObject += $credAlert;
                    
                    if($expiryTime -le $currentTime.AddDays($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.credHighTH)){ #Checking for expired/about to expire credentials
                        $expiredCount += 1;
                        $expiredCredentials += $credentialInfo;
                    }
                    elseif(($expiryTime -gt $currentTime.AddDays($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.credHighTH)) -and ($expiryTime -le $currentTime.AddDays($this.ControlSettings.SubscriptionCore.credModerateTH))){ #Checking for credentials nearing expiry.
                        $aboutToExpireCount +=1;
                        $aboutToExpireCredentials += $credentialInfo;
                    }
                    else{#Checking for healthy credentials
                        $healthyCount +=1;
                        $healthyCredentials += $credentialInfo;
                    }
                }

                $this.PublishEvent([SVTEvent]::PostCredHygiene, $credAlertObject)

                $controlResult.AddMessage("`nCredentials that have expired or are very close to expiry: $expiredCount `n", $expiredCredentials)
                $controlResult.AddMessage("`nCredentials that are approaching expiry: $aboutToExpireCount `n", $aboutToExpireCredentials)
                $controlResult.AddMessage("`nCredentials that are not near expiry: $healthyCount `n", $healthyCredentials)

                if($expiredCount -gt 0){ # Fail the control if any expired/about to expire credential found
                    $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed;
                    $controlResult.AddMessage("`nPlease update them soon using the cmd Update-AzSKTrackedCredential with the 'ResetLastUpdate' switch with other required parameters (Subscription Id, credential name, etc.).`n")
                }
                elseif($aboutToExpireCount -gt 0){ # Verify the control if any credential approaching expiry found
                    $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Verify
                }
                else{ # No expired/about-to-expire credentials
                    $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed
                }
            }
            else{ # No tracked credentials.
                $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Passed, [MessageData]::new("There are no AzSK-tracked credentials in the subscription."))
            }
        }    
        else
        {
            $controlResult.CurrentSessionContext.Permissions.HasRequiredAccess = $false;
            $controlResult.AddMessage([VerificationResult]::Manual, [MessageData]::new("Insufficient permissions to read credential metadata."))
        }    
        return $controlResult
    }
    

    # Control in json to be added in Org Policy if the Org wants to enforce conditional access policy on PIM activation for critical roles
    hidden [ControlResult] CheckPIMCATag([ControlResult] $controlResult)
    {
        $resourceId = ""
        if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.SubscriptionExtId,'id'))
        {
            $resourceId = $this.SubscriptionExtId.id;
        }
        $ResourceAppIdURI = [WebRequestHelper]::GetServiceManagementUrl()
        $accessToken = [ContextHelper]::GetAccessToken($ResourceAppIdURI)
        $authorisationToken = "Bearer " + $accessToken
        $headers = @{"Authorization"=$authorisationToken;"Content-Type"="application/json"}
        if([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($resourceId))
        {
            
                $uri=[Constants]::PIMAPIUri +"?`$filter=type%20eq%20%27subscription%27&`$orderby=displayName"
                try
                {
                    #Get external id for the current subscription
                    $response=[WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($uri, $headers)
                    $subId=$this.SubscriptionContext.SubscriptionId;
                    $this.SubscriptionExtId = ($response| Where-Object{$_.externalId.split('/') -contains $subId}).id
                    $resourceId=$this.SubscriptionExtId;
                }
                catch
                {
                    $controlResult.AddMessage($_);
                }
        }
        $roleurl = "https://api.azrbac.mspim.azure.com/api/v2/privilegedAccess/azureResources/resources/" + $resourceId + "/roleDefinitions?`$select=id,displayName,type,templateId,resourceId,externalId,subjectCount,eligibleAssignmentCount,activeAssignmentCount&`$orderby=activeAssignmentCount%20desc"
        $roles = [WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($roleurl, $headers)
        $roles= $roles | Where-Object{$_.DisplayName -in $this.ControlSettings.CriticalPIMRoles.Subscription}
        $missingCAPolicyOnRoles = @();
        $validRoles = @();
        $invalidRoles = @();
        $nonCompliantPIMCAPolicyTagRoles = @();
        foreach($role in $roles)
        {
            $url ="https://api.azrbac.mspim.azure.com/api/v2/privilegedAccess/azureResources/roleSettings?`$expand=resource,roleDefinition(`$expand=resource)&`$filter=(resource/id+eq+%27$($resourceId)%27)+and+(roleDefinition/id+eq+%27$($role.id)%27)"
            $rolesettings = [WebRequestHelper]::InvokeGetWebRequest($url, $headers)
            $CAPolicyOnRoles = ($($rolesettings.userMemberSettings | Where-Object{$_.RuleIdentifier -eq 'AcrsRule'}).setting) | ConvertFrom-Json
            if($CAPolicyOnRoles.acrsRequired)
            {
                $validRoles +=$role
                if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"CheckPIMCAPolicyTags"))
                {
                    if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"PIMCAPolicyTags"))
                    {
                        if($CAPolicyOnRoles.acrs -notin $this.ControlSettings.PIMCAPolicyTags)
                        {
                            $nonCompliantPIMCAPolicyTagRoles +=$role;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            else 
            {
                    $invalidRoles +=$role
            }

            
        }    
        if([Helpers]::CheckMember($this.ControlSettings,"CheckPIMCAPolicyTags"))
        {
            if($missingCAPolicyOnRoles.Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed
                $controlResult.AddMessage("Roles that donot have required CA policy tags $($this.ControlSetting,"PIMCAPolicyTags" -join ',') `n $($missingCAPolicyOnRoles | Format-List) ");
            }
            elseif($invalidRoles.Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed
                $controlResult.AddMessage("Role with Acr required turned off `n $($invalidRoles | Format-List | Out-String) ");
                
            }
            else
            {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed    
            }        
        }
        else {
            if($invalidRoles.Count -gt 0)
            {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Failed
                $controlResult.AddMessage("Role with Acr required turned off `n $($invalidRoles | Format-List | Out-String) ");
                
            }
            else
            {
                $controlResult.VerificationResult = [VerificationResult]::Passed    
            }
        }
    
        return $controlResult;
    }
}