Adsi.psm1
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#[NoRunspaceAffinity()] # Make this class thread-safe (requires PS 7+) class FakeDirectoryEntry { <# Used in place of a DirectoryEntry for certain WinNT security principals that do not have objects in the directory The WinNT provider only throws an error if you try to retrieve certain accounts/identities #> [string]$Name [string]$Parent [string]$Path [type]$SchemaEntry [byte[]]$objectSid [string]$Description [hashtable]$Properties [string]$SchemaClassName FakeDirectoryEntry ( [string]$DirectoryPath ) { $LastSlashIndex = $DirectoryPath.LastIndexOf('/') $StartIndex = $LastSlashIndex + 1 $This.Name = $DirectoryPath.Substring($StartIndex, $DirectoryPath.Length - $StartIndex) $This.Parent = $DirectoryPath.Substring(0, $LastSlashIndex) $This.Path = $DirectoryPath $This.SchemaEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] switch -Wildcard ($DirectoryPath) { '*/ALL APPLICATION PACKAGES' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-15-2-1' $This.Description = 'All applications running in an app package context. SECURITY_BUILTIN_PACKAGE_ANY_PACKAGE' $This.SchemaClassName = 'group' break } '*/ALL RESTRICTED APPLICATION PACKAGES' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-15-2-2' $This.Description = 'SECURITY_BUILTIN_PACKAGE_ANY_RESTRICTED_PACKAGE' $This.SchemaClassName = 'group' break } '*/ANONYMOUS LOGON' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-15-7' $This.Description = 'A user who has connected to the computer without supplying a user name and password. Not a member of Authenticated Users.' $This.SchemaClassName = 'user' break } '*/Authenticated Users' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-5-11' $This.Description = 'Any user who accesses the system through a sign-in process has the Authenticated Users identity.' $This.SchemaClassName = 'group' break } '*/CREATOR OWNER' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-3-0' $This.Description = 'A SID to be replaced by the SID of the user who creates a new object. This SID is used in inheritable ACEs.' $This.SchemaClassName = 'user' break } '*/Everyone' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-1-0' $This.Description = "A group that includes all users; aka 'World'." $This.SchemaClassName = 'group' break } '*/INTERACTIVE' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-5-4' $This.Description = 'Users who log on for interactive operation. This is a group identifier added to the token of a process when it was logged on interactively.' $This.SchemaClassName = 'group' break } '*/LOCAL SERVICE' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-5-19' $This.Description = 'A local service account' $This.SchemaClassName = 'user' break } '*/NETWORK SERVICE' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-5-20' $This.Description = 'A network service account' $This.SchemaClassName = 'user' break } '*/SYSTEM' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-5-18' $This.Description = 'By default, the SYSTEM account is granted Full Control permissions to all files on an NTFS volume' $This.SchemaClassName = 'user' break } '*/TrustedInstaller' { $This.objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString 'S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464' $This.Description = 'Most of the operating system files are owned by the TrustedInstaller security identifier (SID)' $This.SchemaClassName = 'user' break } } $This.Properties = @{ Name = $This.Name Description = $This.Description objectSid = $This.objectSid SchemaClassName = $This.SchemaClassName } } [void]RefreshCache([string[]]$Nonsense) {} [void]Invoke([string]$Nonsense) {} } function ConvertFrom-AppCapabilitySid { <# # https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20220503-00/?p=106557 SIDs of the form S-1-15-3-xxx are app capability SIDs. These SIDs are present in the token of apps running in an app container, and they encode the app capabilities possessed by the app. The rules for Mandatory Integrity Control say that objects default to allowing write access only to medium integrity level (IL) or higher. Granting access to these app capability SIDs permit access from apps running at low IL, provided they possess the matching capability. Autogenerated S-1-15-3-x1-x2-x3-x4 device capability S-1-15-3-1024-x1-x2-x3-x4-x5-x6-x7-x8 app capability You can sort of see how these assignments evolved. At first, the capability RIDs were assigned by an assigned numbers authority, so anybody who wanted a capability had to apply for a number. After about a dozen of these, the assigned numbers team (probably just one person) realized that this had the potential to become a real bottleneck, so they switched to an autogeneration mechanism, so that people who needed a capability SID could just generate their own. For device capabilities, the four 32-bit decimal digits represent the 16 bytes of the device interface GUID. Let’s decode this one: S-1-15-3-787448254-1207972858-3558633622-1059886964. 787448254 1207972858 3558633622 1059886964 # Starting format is four 32-bit decimal numbers 0x2eef81be 0x480033fa 0xd41c7096 0x3f2c9774 # Convert each number to hexadeximal. be 81 ef 2e fa 33 00 48 96 70 1c d4 74 97 2c 3f # Split each number into 4 bytes then reverse. WHY? 2eef81be 33fa 4800 96 70 1c d4 74 97 2c 3f {2eef81be- 33fa-4800- 96 70-1c d4 74 97 2c 3f} And we recognize {2eef81be-33fa-4800-9670-1cd474972c3f} as DEVINTERFACE_AUDIO_CAPTURE, so this is the microphone device capability. For app capabilities, the eight 32-bit decimal numbers represent the 32 bytes of the SHA256 hash of the capability name. You can programmatically generate these app capability SIDs by calling DeriveCapabilitySidsFromName. #> param ( [string]$SID ) $KnownDeviceInterfaceGuids = @{ 'BFA794E4-F964-4FDB-90F6-51056BFE4B44' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Location Services access (device capability {BFA794E4-F964-4FDB-90F6-51056BFE4B44})' 'Name' = 'Location services' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Location services' } 'E5323777-F976-4f5b-9B55-B94699C46E44' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Camera access (device capability {E5323777-F976-4f5b-9B55-B94699C46E44})' 'Name' = 'Your camera' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your camera' } '2EEF81BE-33FA-4800-9670-1CD474972C3F' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Microphone access (device capability {2EEF81BE-33FA-4800-9670-1CD474972C3F})' 'Name' = 'Your microphone' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your microphone' } '52079E78-A92B-413F-B213-E8FE35712E72' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Notifications access (device capability {52079E78-A92B-413F-B213-E8FE35712E72})' 'Name' = 'Your notifications' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your notifications' } 'C1D23ACC-752B-43E5-8448-8D0E519CD6D6' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Account Information access (name, picture, etc.) (device capability {C1D23ACC-752B-43E5-8448-8D0E519CD6D6})' 'Name' = 'Your account information' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your account information' } '7D7E8402-7C54-4821-A34E-AEEFD62DED93' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Contacts access (device capability {7D7E8402-7C54-4821-A34E-AEEFD62DED93})' 'Name' = 'Your contacts' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your contacts' } 'D89823BA-7180-4B81-B50C-7E471E6121A3' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Calendar access (device capability {D89823BA-7180-4B81-B50C-7E471E6121A3})' 'Name' = 'Your calendar' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your calendar' } '8BC668CF-7728-45BD-93F8-CF2B3B41D7AB' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Call History access (device capability {8BC668CF-7728-45BD-93F8-CF2B3B41D7AB})' 'Name' = 'Your call history' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your call history' } '9231CB4C-BF57-4AF3-8C55-FDA7BFCC04C5' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with access to read and send Email (device capability {9231CB4C-BF57-4AF3-8C55-FDA7BFCC04C5})' 'Name' = 'Email' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Email' } '21157C1F-2651-4CC1-90CA-1F28B02263F6' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with access to read and send SMS and MMS messages (device capability {21157C1F-2651-4CC1-90CA-1F28B02263F6})' 'Name' = 'Messages (text or MMS)' #c_media.inf 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Messages (text or MMS)' } 'A8804298-2D5F-42E3-9531-9C8C39EB29CE' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with access to control radios (device capability {A8804298-2D5F-42E3-9531-9C8C39EB29CE})' 'Name' = 'Radio control' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Radio control' } '9D9E0118-1807-4F2E-96E4-2CE57142E196' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Activity Sensor access (device capability {9D9E0118-1807-4F2E-96E4-2CE57142E196})' 'Name' = 'Your activity sensors' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your activity sensors' } #c_sensor.inf 'B19F89AF-E3EB-444B-8DEA-202575A71599' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with access to unknown device capability {B19F89AF-E3EB-444B-8DEA-202575A71599})' 'Name' = 'Unknown device capability from SettingsHandlers_Privacy.dll {B19F89AF-E3EB-444B-8DEA-202575A71599}' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Unknown device capability from SettingsHandlers_Privacy.dll {B19F89AF-E3EB-444B-8DEA-202575A71599}' } #SettingsHandlers_Privacy.dll 'E6AD100E-5F4E-44CD-BE0F-2265D88D14F5' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with access to unknown device capability {E6AD100E-5F4E-44CD-BE0F-2265D88D14F5})' 'Name' = 'Unknown device capability from LocationPermissions.dll {E6AD100E-5F4E-44CD-BE0F-2265D88D14F5}' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Unknown device capability from LocationPermissions.dll {E6AD100E-5F4E-44CD-BE0F-2265D88D14F5}' } #LocationPermissions.dll 'E83AF229-8640-4D18-A213-E22675EBB2C3' = @{ 'SID' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'Description' = 'Apps with Custom Sensor access (device capability {E83AF229-8640-4D18-A213-E22675EBB2C3})' 'Name' = 'Custom Sensor device capability' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your custom sensors' } #c_sensor.inf } switch ($SID.Split('-').Count) { 8 { $CountOf32BitNumbers = 4 ; break } # Autogenerated device capability 13 { return @{ 'SID' = $SID } } # Autogenerated app capability which cannot be translated. default { return @{ 'SID' = $SID } } # NO MATCH } $Substring = $SID $i = 0 $ReversedDecimal = do { $Last = $Substring.LastIndexOf('-') $Substring.Substring($Last + 1, $Substring.Length - $Last - 1) $Substring = $Substring.Substring(0, $Last) ; $i++ } while ($i -lt $CountOf32BitNumbers) $Bytes = For ($n = ($ReversedDecimal.Length - 1); $n -ge 0 ; $n = $n - 1 ) { $ThisNumber = $ReversedDecimal[$n] for ( $i = 3; $i -ge 0; $i-- ) { '{0:X2}' -f ($ThisNumber -band 0xff) #ugly and hard to read #[convert]::tostring(($ThisNumber -band 0xff), 16) # does not add leading zeroes $ThisNumber = $ThisNumber -shr 8 } } $Guid = $Bytes[3], $Bytes[2], $Bytes[1], $Bytes[0], '-', $Bytes[5], $Bytes[4], '-', $Bytes[7], $Bytes[6], '-', $Bytes[8], $Bytes[9], '-', $($Bytes[10..15] -join '') -join '' $KnownGuid = $KnownDeviceInterfaceGuids[$Guid] if ($KnownGuid) { return $KnownGuid } else { return @{ 'SID' = $SID 'Description' = "Apps with access to unknown capability {$Guid}" 'Name' = "Unknown device capability {$Guid}" 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'NTAccount' = "APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Unknown device capability {$Guid}" } } } function Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath { <# .SYNOPSIS Add a domain FQDN to an LDAP directory path as the server address so the new path can be used for remote queries .DESCRIPTION Uses RegEx to: - Match the Domain Components from the Distinguished Name in the LDAP directory path - Convert the Domain Components to an FQDN - Insert them into the directory path as the server address .INPUTS [System.String]$DirectoryPath .OUTPUTS [System.String] Complete LDAP directory path including server address .EXAMPLE Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath 'LDAP://CN=user1,OU=UsersOU,DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' LDAP://ad.contoso.com/CN=user1,OU=UsersOU,DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com Add the domain FQDN to a single LDAP directory path #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # Incomplete LDAP directory path containing a distinguishedName but lacking a server address [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$DirectoryPath, <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { <# $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } #> $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $PathRegEx = '(?<Path>LDAP:\/\/[^\/]*)' $DomainRegEx = '(?i)DC=\w{1,}?\b' } process { ForEach ($ThisPath in $DirectoryPath) { if ($ThisPath -match $PathRegEx) { $RegExMatches = $null $RegExMatches = [regex]::Matches($ThisPath, $DomainRegEx) if ($RegExMatches) { $DomainDN = $null $DomainFqdn = $null $RegExMatches = $RegExMatches | ForEach-Object { $_.Value } $DomainDN = $RegExMatches -join ',' $DomainFqdn = ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $DomainDN -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams if ($ThisPath -match "LDAP:\/\/$DomainFqdn\/") { #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN already found in the directory path: '$ThisPath'" $ThisPath } else { $ThisPath -replace 'LDAP:\/\/', "LDAP://$DomainFqdn/" } } else { #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain DN not found in the directory path: '$ThisPath'" $ThisPath } } else { #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Not an expected directory path: '$ThisPath'" $ThisPath } } } } function Add-SidInfo { <# .SYNOPSIS Add some useful properties to a DirectoryEntry object for easier access .DESCRIPTION Add SidString, Domain, and SamAccountName NoteProperties to a DirectoryEntry .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] or a [PSCustomObject] imitation. InputObject parameter. Must contain the objectSid property. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] or a [PSCustomObject] imitation. Whatever was input, but with three extra properties added now. .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrator') | Add-SidInfo distinguishedName : Path : WinNT://localhost/Administrator The output object's default format is not modified so with default formatting it appears identical to the original. Upon closer inspection it now has SidString, Domain, and SamAccountName properties. #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry[]], [PSCustomObject[]])] param ( # Expecting a [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] from the LDAP or WinNT providers, or a [PSCustomObject] imitation from Get-DirectoryEntry. # Must contain the objectSid property [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $InputObject, # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) <# begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } } #> process { ForEach ($Object in $InputObject) { $SID = $null $SamAccountName = $null $DomainObject = $null if ($null -eq $Object) { continue } elseif ($Object.objectSid.Value) { # With WinNT directory entries for the root (WinNT://localhost), objectSid is a method rather than a property # So we need to filter out those instances here to avoid this error: # The following exception occurred while retrieving the string representation for method "objectSid": # "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." if ( $Object.objectSid.Value.GetType().FullName -ne 'System.Management.Automation.PSMethod' ) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.objectSid.Value, 0) } } elseif ($Object.objectSid) { # With WinNT directory entries for the root (WinNT://localhost), objectSid is a method rather than a property # So we need to filter out those instances here to avoid this error: # The following exception occurred while retrieving the string representation for method "objectSid": # "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." if ($Object.objectSid.GetType().FullName -ne 'System.Management.Automation.PSMethod') { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.objectSid, 0) } } elseif ($Object.Properties) { if ($Object.Properties['objectSid'].Value) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.Properties['objectSid'].Value, 0) } elseif ($Object.Properties['objectSid']) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]($Object.Properties['objectSid'] | ForEach-Object { $_ }), 0) } if ($Object.Properties['samaccountname']) { $SamAccountName = $Object.Properties['samaccountname'] } else { #DirectoryEntries from the WinNT provider for local accounts do not have a samaccountname attribute so we use name instead $SamAccountName = $Object.Properties['name'] } } elseif ($Object.objectSid) { [string]$SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$Object.objectSid, 0) } if ($Object.Domain.Sid) { #if ($Object.Domain.GetType().FullName -ne 'System.Management.Automation.PSMethod') { # This would only have come from Add-SidInfo in the first place # This means it was added with Add-Member in Get-DirectoryEntry for the root of the computer's directory if ($null -eq $SID) { [string]$SID = $Object.Domain.Sid } $DomainObject = $Object.Domain #} } if (-not $DomainObject) { if (-not $SID) { pause } # The SID of the domain is the SID of the user minus the last block of numbers $DomainSid = $SID.Substring(0, $Sid.LastIndexOf("-")) # Lookup other information about the domain using its SID as the key $DomainObject = $DomainsBySid[$DomainSid] } #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$SamAccountName`t$SID" Add-Member -InputObject $Object -PassThru -Force @{ SidString = $SID Domain = $DomainObject SamAccountName = $SamAccountName } } } } function ConvertFrom-DirectoryEntry { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a DirectoryEntry to a PSCustomObject .DESCRIPTION Recursively convert every property into a string, or a PSCustomObject (whose properties are all strings, or more PSCustomObjects) This obfuscates the troublesome PropertyCollection and PropertyValueCollection and Hashtable aspects of working with ADSI #> param ( [Parameter( Position = 0 )] [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry[]]$DirectoryEntry ) ForEach ($ThisDirectoryEntry in $DirectoryEntry) { $OutputObject = @{} ForEach ($Prop in ($ThisDirectoryEntry | Get-Member -View All -MemberType Property, NoteProperty).Name) { $null = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ThisDirectoryEntry -Property $Prop -PropertyDictionary $OutputObject } [PSCustomObject]$OutputObject } } function ConvertFrom-IdentityReferenceResolved { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to collect more information about the IdentityReference in NTFS Access Control Entries .DESCRIPTION Recursively retrieves group members and detailed information about them Use caching to reduce duplicate directory queries .INPUTS [System.Object]$IdentityReference .OUTPUTS [System.Object] The input object is returned with additional properties added: DirectoryEntry DomainDn DomainNetBIOS ObjectType Members (if the DirectoryEntry is a group). .EXAMPLE (Get-Acl).Access | Resolve-IdentityReference | Group-Object -Property IdentityReferenceResolved | ConvertFrom-IdentityReferenceResolved Incomplete example but it shows the chain of functions to generate the expected input for this #> [OutputType([void])] param ( # The NTFS AccessControlEntry object(s), grouped by their IdentityReference property # TODO: Use System.Security.Principal.NTAccount instead [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string]$IdentityReference, # Do not get group members [switch]$NoGroupMembers, # Cache of access control entries keyed by their resolved identities [hashtable]$ACEsByResolvedID = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Thread-safe hashtable to use for caching directory entries and avoiding duplicate directory queries [hashtable]$PrincipalById = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # The current domain # Can be passed as a parameter to reduce calls to Get-CurrentDomain [string]$CurrentDomain = (Get-CurrentDomain) ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $AccessControlEntries = $ACEsByResolvedID[$IdentityReference] if ($null -eq $PrincipalById[$IdentityReference]) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # ADSI Principal cache miss for '$IdentityReference'" $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } $SearchDirectoryParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } $split = $IdentityReference.Split('\') $DomainNetBIOS = $split[0] $SamAccountNameOrSid = $split[1] if ( $null -ne $SamAccountNameOrSid -and @($AccessControlEntries.AdsiProvider)[0] -eq 'LDAP' ) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' is a domain security principal" $DomainNetbiosCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] if ($DomainNetbiosCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$DomainNetBIOS' for '$IdentityReference'" $DomainDn = $DomainNetbiosCacheResult.DistinguishedName $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$($DomainNetbiosCacheResult.Dns)/$DomainDn" } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$DomainNetBIOS' for '$IdentityReference'" if ( -not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DomainNetBIOS) ) { $DomainDn = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetBIOS -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios @LoggingParams } $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainNetBIOS" -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LogParams } # Search the domain for the principal $SearchDirectoryParams['Filter'] = "(samaccountname=$SamAccountNameOrSid)" $SearchDirectoryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = @( 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'samAccountName', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'Department', 'Title', 'primaryGroupToken' ) $Params = ForEach ($ParamName in $SearchDirectoryParams.Keys) { $ParamValue = ConvertTo-PSCodeString -InputObject $SearchDirectoryParams[$ParamName] "-$ParamName $ParamValue" } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Search-Directory $($Params -join ' ')" try { $DirectoryEntry = Search-Directory @SearchDirectoryParams @LoggingParams } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' could not be resolved against its directory: $($_.Exception.Message)" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } } elseif ( $IdentityReference.Substring(0, $IdentityReference.LastIndexOf('-') + 1) -eq $CurrentDomain.SIDString ) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' is an unresolved SID from the current domain" # Get the distinguishedName and netBIOSName of the current domain. This also determines whether the domain is online. $DomainDN = $CurrentDomain.distinguishedName.Value $DomainFQDN = ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $DomainDN -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/cn=partitions,cn=configuration,$DomainDn" $SearchDirectoryParams['Filter'] = "(&(objectcategory=crossref)(dnsroot=$DomainFQDN)(netbiosname=*))" $SearchDirectoryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = 'netbiosname' $Params = ForEach ($ParamName in $SearchDirectoryParams.Keys) { $ParamValue = ConvertTo-PSCodeString -InputObject $SearchDirectoryParams[$ParamName] "-$ParamName $ParamValue" } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Search-Directory $($Params -join ' ')" $DomainCrossReference = Search-Directory @SearchDirectoryParams @LoggingParams if ($DomainCrossReference.Properties ) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # The domain '$DomainFQDN' is online for '$IdentityReference'" [string]$DomainNetBIOS = $DomainCrossReference.Properties['netbiosname'] # TODO: The domain is online, so let's see if any domain trusts have issues? Determine if SID is foreign security principal? # TODO: What if the foreign security principal exists but the corresponding domain trust is down? Don't want to recommend deletion of the ACE in that case. } $SidObject = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($IdentityReference) $SidBytes = [byte[]]::new($SidObject.BinaryLength) $null = $SidObject.GetBinaryForm($SidBytes, 0) $ObjectSid = ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString -SIDByteArray $SidBytes $SearchDirectoryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/$DomainDn" $SearchDirectoryParams['Filter'] = "(objectsid=$ObjectSid)" $SearchDirectoryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = @( 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'samAccountName', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'Department', 'Title', 'primaryGroupToken' ) $Params = ForEach ($ParamName in $SearchDirectoryParams.Keys) { $ParamValue = ConvertTo-PSCodeString -InputObject $SearchDirectoryParams[$ParamName] "-$ParamName $ParamValue" } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Search-Directory $($Params -join ' ')" try { $DirectoryEntry = Search-Directory @SearchDirectoryParams @LoggingParams } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' could not be resolved against its directory. Error: $($_.Exception.Message.Trim())" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' is a local security principal or unresolved SID" if ($null -eq $SamAccountNameOrSid) { $SamAccountNameOrSid = $IdentityReference } if ($SamAccountNameOrSid -like "S-1-*") { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$($IdentityReference) is an unresolved SID" # The SID of the domain is the SID of the user minus the last block of numbers $DomainSid = $SamAccountNameOrSid.Substring(0, $SamAccountNameOrSid.LastIndexOf("-")) # Determine if SID belongs to current domain if ($DomainSid -eq $CurrentDomain.SIDString) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$($IdentityReference) belongs to the current domain. Could be a deleted user. ?possibly a foreign security principal corresponding to an offline trusted domain or deleted user in the trusted domain?" } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$($IdentityReference) does not belong to the current domain. Could be a local security principal or belong to an unresolvable domain." } # Lookup other information about the domain using its SID as the key $DomainObject = $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] if ($DomainObject) { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$($DomainObject.Dns)/Users,group" $DomainNetBIOS = $DomainObject.Netbios $DomainDN = $DomainObject.DistinguishedName } else { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$DomainNetBIOS/Users,group" $DomainDn = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetBIOS -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios @LoggingParams } $Params = ForEach ($ParamName in $GetDirectoryEntryParams.Keys) { $ParamValue = ConvertTo-PSCodeString -InputObject $GetDirectoryEntryParams[$ParamName] "-$ParamName $ParamValue" } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-DirectoryEntry $($Params -join ' ')" try { $UsersGroup = Get-DirectoryEntry @GetDirectoryEntryParams @LoggingParams } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Could not get '$($GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'])' using PSRemoting. Error: $_" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } $MembersOfUsersGroup = Get-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $UsersGroup -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams $DirectoryEntry = $MembersOfUsersGroup | Where-Object -FilterScript { ($SamAccountNameOrSid -eq [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$_.Properties['objectSid'].Value, 0)) } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' is a local security principal" $DomainNetbiosCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] if ($DomainNetbiosCacheResult) { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$($DomainNetbiosCacheResult.Dns)/$SamAccountNameOrSid" } else { $GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://$DomainNetBIOS/$SamAccountNameOrSid" } $GetDirectoryEntryParams['PropertiesToLoad'] = @( 'members', 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'samAccountName', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'Department', 'Title', 'primaryGroupToken' ) $Params = ForEach ($ParamName in $GetDirectoryEntryParams.Keys) { $ParamValue = ConvertTo-PSCodeString -InputObject $GetDirectoryEntryParams[$ParamName] "-$ParamName $ParamValue" } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-DirectoryEntry $($Params -join ' ')" try { $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry @GetDirectoryEntryParams @LoggingParams } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($GetDirectoryEntryParams['DirectoryPath'])' could not be resolved for '$IdentityReference'. Error: $($_.Exception.Message.Trim())" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } } } $PropertiesToAdd = @{ DomainDn = $DomainDn DomainNetbios = $DomainNetBIOS } if ($null -ne $DirectoryEntry) { ForEach ($Prop in ($DirectoryEntry | Get-Member -View All -MemberType Property, NoteProperty).Name) { $null = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -Property $Prop -PropertyDictionary $PropertiesToAdd } if ($DirectoryEntry.Name) { $AccountName = $DirectoryEntry.Name } else { if ($DirectoryEntry.Properties) { if ($DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'].Value) { $AccountName = $DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'].Value } else { $AccountName = $DirectoryEntry.Properties['name'] } } } $PropertiesToAdd['ResolvedAccountName'] = "$DomainNetBIOS\$AccountName" # WinNT objects have a SchemaClassName property which is a string # LDAP objects have an objectClass property which is an ordered list of strings, the last being the class name of the object instance # ToDo: LDAP objects may have SchemaClassName too. When/why? Should I just request it always in the list of properties? # ToDo: Actually I should create an AdsiObjectType property of my own or something...don't expose the dependency if (-not $DirectoryEntry.SchemaClassName) { $PropertiesToAdd['SchemaClassName'] = @($DirectoryEntry.Properties['objectClass'])[-1] #untested but should work, last value should be the correct one https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/ad/retrieving-the-objectclass-property } if ($NoGroupMembers -eq $false) { if ( # WinNT DirectoryEntries do not contain an objectClass property # If this property exists it is an LDAP DirectoryEntry rather than WinNT $PropertiesToAdd.ContainsKey('objectClass') ) { # Retrieve the members of groups from the LDAP provider Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($DirectoryEntry.Path)' is an LDAP security principal for '$IdentityReference'" $Members = (Get-AdsiGroupMember -Group $DirectoryEntry -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams).FullMembers } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($DirectoryEntry.Path)' is a WinNT security principal for '$IdentityReference'" if ( $DirectoryEntry.SchemaClassName -in @('group', 'SidTypeWellKnownGroup', 'SidTypeAlias')) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($DirectoryEntry.Path)' is a WinNT group for '$IdentityReference'" $Members = Get-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $DirectoryEntry -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } } # (Get-AdsiGroupMember).FullMembers or Get-WinNTGroupMember could return an array with null members so we must verify that is not true if ($Members) { $GroupMembers = ForEach ($ThisMember in $Members) { if ($ThisMember.Domain) { # Include specific desired properties $OutputProperties = @{} } else { # Include specific desired properties $OutputProperties = @{ Domain = [pscustomobject]@{ Dns = $DomainNetBIOS Netbios = $DomainNetBIOS Sid = @($SamAccountNameOrSid -split '-')[-1] } } } # Get any existing properties for inclusion later $InputProperties = (Get-Member -InputObject $ThisMember -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name # Include any existing properties found earlier ForEach ($ThisProperty in $InputProperties) { #$OutputProperties[$ThisProperty] = $ThisMember.$ThisProperty $null = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ThisMember -Property $ThisProperty -PropertyDictionary $OutputProperties } if ($ThisMember.sAmAccountName) { $ResolvedAccountName = "$($OutputProperties['Domain'].Netbios)\$($ThisMember.sAmAccountName)" } else { $ResolvedAccountName = "$($OutputProperties['Domain'].Netbios)\$($ThisMember.Name)" } $OutputProperties['ResolvedAccountName'] = $ResolvedAccountName $PrincipalById[$ResolvedAccountName] = [PSCustomObject]$OutputProperties $ACEsByResolvedID[$ResolvedAccountName] = $AccessControlEntries $ResolvedAccountName } } } $PropertiesToAdd['Members'] = $GroupMembers Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($DirectoryEntry.Path)' has $(($Members | Measure-Object).Count) members for '$IdentityReference'" } else { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' could not be matched to a DirectoryEntry" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } $PrincipalById[$IdentityReference] = [PSCustomObject]$PropertiesToAdd } } function ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a PropertyValueCollection to a string .DESCRIPTION Useful when working with System.DirectoryServices and some other namespaces .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.String] .EXAMPLE $DirectoryEntry = [adsi]("WinNT://$(hostname)") $DirectoryEntry.Properties.Keys | ForEach-Object { ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $DirectoryEntry.Properties[$_] } For each property in a DirectoryEntry, convert its corresponding PropertyValueCollection to a string #> param ( [System.DirectoryServices.PropertyValueCollection]$PropertyValueCollection ) $SubType = & { $PropertyValueCollection.Value.GetType().FullName } 2>$null switch ($SubType) { 'System.Byte[]' { ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation -ByteArray $PropertyValueCollection.Value ; break } default { "$($PropertyValueCollection.Value)" } } } function ConvertFrom-ResultPropertyValueCollectionToString { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a ResultPropertyValueCollection to a string .DESCRIPTION Useful when working with System.DirectoryServices and some other namespaces .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.String] .EXAMPLE $DirectoryEntry = [adsi]("WinNT://$(hostname)") $DirectoryEntry.Properties.Keys | ForEach-Object { ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString -PropertyValueCollection $DirectoryEntry.Properties[$_] } For each property in a DirectoryEntry, convert its corresponding PropertyValueCollection to a string #> param ( [System.DirectoryServices.ResultPropertyValueCollection]$ResultPropertyValueCollection ) $SubType = & { $ResultPropertyValueCollection.Value.GetType().FullName } 2>$null switch ($SubType) { 'System.Byte[]' { ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation -ByteArray $ResultPropertyValueCollection.Value ; break } default { "$($ResultPropertyValueCollection.Value)" } } } function ConvertFrom-SearchResult { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SearchResult to a PSCustomObject .DESCRIPTION Recursively convert every property into a string, or a PSCustomObject (whose properties are all strings, or more PSCustomObjects) This obfuscates the troublesome ResultPropertyCollection and ResultPropertyValueCollection and Hashtable aspects of working with ADSI searches .NOTES # TODO: There is a faster way than Select-Object, just need to dig into the default formatting of SearchResult to see how to get those properties #> param ( [Parameter( Position = 0, ValueFromPipeline )] [System.DirectoryServices.SearchResult[]]$SearchResult ) process { ForEach ($ThisSearchResult in $SearchResult) { #$ObjectWithProperties = $ThisSearchResult | #Select-Object -Property * # #$ObjectNoteProperties = $ObjectWithProperties | #Get-Member -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty # #$ThisObject = @{} # ## Enumerate the keys of the ResultPropertyCollection #ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ThisSearchResult.Properties.Keys) { # $ThisObject = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ThisSearchResult.Properties -Property $ThisProperty -PropertyDictionary $ThisObject #} # ## We will allow any existing properties to override members of the ResultPropertyCollection #ForEach ($ThisObjProperty in $ObjectNoteProperties) { # $ThisObject = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ObjectWithProperties -Property $ThisObjProperty.Name -PropertyDictionary $ThisObject #} # #[PSCustomObject]$ThisObject $OutputObject = @{} # Enumerate the keys of the ResultPropertyCollection ForEach ($ThisProperty in $ThisSearchResult.Properties.Keys) { $null = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ThisSearchResult.Properties -Property $ThisProperty -PropertyDictionary $ThisObject } # We will allow any existing properties to override members of the ResultPropertyCollection ForEach ($ThisProperty in ($ThisSearchResult | Get-Member -View All -MemberType Property, NoteProperty).Name) { $null = ConvertTo-SimpleProperty -InputObject $ThisSearchResult -Property $ThisProperty -PropertyDictionary $OutputObject } [PSCustomObject]$OutputObject } } } # This function is not currently in use by Export-Permission function ConvertFrom-SidString { #[OutputType([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])] param ( [string]$SID, # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn ThisHostname = $ThisHostname CimCache = $CimCache LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } #[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($SID) # Only works if SID is in the current domain...otherwise SID not found Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://<SID=$SID>" @GetDirectoryEntryParams } function ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a byte array to a string representation of its decimal format .DESCRIPTION Uses the custom format operator -f to format each byte as a string decimal representation .INPUTS [System.Byte[]]$ByteArray .OUTPUTS [System.String] Array of strings representing the byte array's decimal values .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation -ByteArray $Bytes Convert the binary SID $Bytes to a decimal string representation #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # Byte array. Often the binary format of an objectSid or LoginHours [byte[]]$ByteArray ) $ByteArray | ForEach-Object { '{0}' -f $_ } } function ConvertTo-DistinguishedName { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a domain NetBIOS name to its distinguishedName .DESCRIPTION https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/nn-iads-iadsnametranslate .INPUTS [System.String]$Domain .OUTPUTS [System.String] distinguishedName of the domain .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain 'CONTOSO' DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com Resolve the NetBIOS domain 'CONTOSO' to its distinguishedName 'DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # NetBIOS name of the domain [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'NetBIOS')] [string[]]$Domain, [Parameter(ParameterSetName = 'NetBIOS')] [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # FQDN of the domain [Parameter(Mandatory, ValueFromPipeline, ParameterSetName = 'FQDN')] [string[]]$DomainFQDN, # Type of initialization to be performed # Will be translated to the corresponding integer for use as the lnSetType parameter of the IADsNameTranslate::Init method (iads.h) # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/ne-iads-ads_name_inittype_enum [string]$InitType = 'ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_GC', # Format of the name of the directory object that will be used for the input # Will be translated to the corresponding integer for use as the lnSetType parameter of the IADsNameTranslate::Set method (iads.h) # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/ne-iads-ads_name_type_enum [string]$InputType = 'ADS_NAME_TYPE_NT4', # Format of the name of the directory object that will be used for the output # Will be translated to the corresponding integer for use as the lnSetType parameter of the IADsNameTranslate::Get method (iads.h) # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/ne-iads-ads_name_type_enum [string]$OutputType = 'ADS_NAME_TYPE_1779', <# AdsiProvider (WinNT or LDAP) of the servers associated with the provided FQDNs or NetBIOS names This parameter can be used to reduce calls to Find-AdsiProvider Useful when that has been done already but the DomainsByFqdn and DomainsByNetbios caches have not been updated yet #> [string]$AdsiProvider, <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } # Declare constants for these Windows enums # We need to because PowerShell makes it hard to directly use the Win32 API and read the enum definition # Use hashtables instead of enums since this use case is so simple $ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_dict = @{ ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_DOMAIN = 1 #Initializes a NameTranslate object by setting the domain that the object binds to. ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_SERVER = 2 #Initializes a NameTranslate object by setting the server that the object binds to. ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_GC = 3 #Initializes a NameTranslate object by locating the global catalog that the object binds to. } $ADS_NAME_TYPE_dict = @{ ADS_NAME_TYPE_1779 = 1 #Name format as specified in RFC 1779. For example, "CN=Jeff Smith,CN=users,DC=Fabrikam,DC=com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_CANONICAL = 2 #Canonical name format. For example, "Fabrikam.com/Users/Jeff Smith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_NT4 = 3 #Account name format used in Windows. For example, "Fabrikam\JeffSmith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_DISPLAY = 4 #Display name format. For example, "Jeff Smith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_DOMAIN_SIMPLE = 5 #Simple domain name format. For example, "JeffSmith@Fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_ENTERPRISE_SIMPLE = 6 #Simple enterprise name format. For example, "JeffSmith@Fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_GUID = 7 #Global Unique Identifier format. For example, "{95ee9fff-3436-11d1-b2b0-d15ae3ac8436}". ADS_NAME_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 8 #Unknown name type. The system will estimate the format. This element is a meaningful option only with the IADsNameTranslate.Set or the IADsNameTranslate.SetEx method, but not with the IADsNameTranslate.Get or IADsNameTranslate.GetEx method. ADS_NAME_TYPE_USER_PRINCIPAL_NAME = 9 #User principal name format. For example, "JeffSmith@Fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_CANONICAL_EX = 10 #Extended canonical name format. For example, "Fabrikam.com/Users Jeff Smith". ADS_NAME_TYPE_SERVICE_PRINCIPAL_NAME = 11 #Service principal name format. For example, "www/www.fabrikam.com@fabrikam.com". ADS_NAME_TYPE_SID_OR_SID_HISTORY_NAME = 12 #A SID string, as defined in the Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL), for either the SID of the current object or one from the object SID history. For example, "O:AOG:DAD:(A;;RPWPCCDCLCSWRCWDWOGA;;;S-1-0-0)" } $ChosenInitType = $ADS_NAME_INITTYPE_dict[$InitType] $ChosenInputType = $ADS_NAME_TYPE_dict[$InputType] $ChosenOutputType = $ADS_NAME_TYPE_dict[$OutputType] } process { ForEach ($ThisDomain in $Domain) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$ThisDomain] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$ThisDomain'" #ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -DomainFQDN $DomainCacheResult.Dns -AdsiProvider $DomainCacheResult.AdsiProvider $DomainCacheResult.DistinguishedName } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$ThisDomain'. Available keys: $($DomainsByNetBios.Keys -join ',')" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$IADsNameTranslateComObject = New-Object -comObject 'NameTranslate' # For '$ThisDomain'" $IADsNameTranslateComObject = New-Object -comObject "NameTranslate" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$IADsNameTranslateInterface = `$IADsNameTranslateComObject.GetType() # For '$ThisDomain'" $IADsNameTranslateInterface = $IADsNameTranslateComObject.GetType() Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$null = `$IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember('Init', 'InvokeMethod', `$Null, `$IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInitType, `$Null)) # For '$ThisDomain'" $null = $IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember("Init", "InvokeMethod", $Null, $IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInitType, $Null)) # For a non-domain-joined system there is no DistinguishedName for the domain # Suppress errors when calling these next 2 methods # Exception calling "InvokeMember" with "5" argument(s): "Name translation: Could not find the name or insufficient right to see name. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80072116)" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$null = `$IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember('Set', 'InvokeMethod', `$Null, `$IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInputType, '$ThisDomain\')) # For '$ThisDomain'" $null = { $IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember("Set", "InvokeMethod", $Null, $IADsNameTranslateComObject, ($ChosenInputType, "$ThisDomain\")) } 2>$null # Exception calling "InvokeMember" with "5" argument(s): "Unspecified error (Exception from HRESULT: 0x80004005 (E_FAIL))" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember('Get', 'InvokeMethod', `$Null, `$IADsNameTranslateComObject, $ChosenOutputType) # For '$ThisDomain'" $null = { $null = { $IADsNameTranslateInterface.InvokeMember("Get", "InvokeMethod", $Null, $IADsNameTranslateComObject, $ChosenOutputType) } 2>$null } 2>$null } } ForEach ($ThisDomain in $DomainFQDN) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByFqdn[$ThisDomain] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache hit for '$ThisDomain'" $DomainCacheResult.DistinguishedName } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache miss for '$ThisDomain'" if (-not $PSBoundParameters.ContainsKey('AdsiProvider')) { $AdsiProvider = Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer $ThisDomain @LoggingParams } if ($AdsiProvider -ne 'WinNT') { "dc=$($ThisDomain -replace '\.',',dc=')" } } } } } function ConvertTo-DomainNetBIOS { param ( [string]$DomainFQDN, [string]$AdsiProvider, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainFQDN] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache hit for '$DomainFQDN'" return $DomainCacheResult.Netbios } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache miss for '$DomainFQDN'" if ($AdsiProvider -eq 'LDAP') { $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn ThisHostname = $ThisHostname CimCache = $CimCache LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } $RootDSE = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/rootDSE" @GetDirectoryEntryParams Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$RootDSE.InvokeGet('defaultNamingContext')" $DomainDistinguishedName = $RootDSE.InvokeGet("defaultNamingContext") Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$RootDSE.InvokeGet('configurationNamingContext')" $ConfigurationDN = $rootDSE.InvokeGet("configurationNamingContext") $partitions = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainFQDN/cn=partitions,$ConfigurationDN" @GetDirectoryEntryParams ForEach ($Child In $Partitions.Children) { If ($Child.nCName -contains $DomainDistinguishedName) { return $Child.nETBIOSName } } } else { $LengthOfNetBIOSName = $DomainFQDN.IndexOf('.') if ($LengthOfNetBIOSName -eq -1) { $DomainFQDN } else { $DomainFQDN.Substring(0, $LengthOfNetBIOSName) } } } function ConvertTo-DomainSidString { param ( # Domain DNS name to convert to the domain's SID [Parameter(Mandatory)] [string]$DomainDnsName, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# AdsiProvider (WinNT or LDAP) of the servers associated with the provided FQDNs or NetBIOS names This parameter can be used to reduce calls to Find-AdsiProvider Useful when that has been done already but the DomainsByFqdn and DomainsByNetbios caches have not been updated yet #> [string]$AdsiProvider, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $CacheResult = $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainDnsName] if ($CacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache hit for '$DomainDnsName'" return $CacheResult.Sid } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache miss for '$DomainDnsName'" if ( -not $AdsiProvider -or $AdsiProvider -eq 'LDAP' ) { $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } $DomainDirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainDnsName" @GetDirectoryEntryParams @LoggingParams try { $null = $DomainDirectoryEntry.RefreshCache('objectSid') } catch { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # LDAP connection failed to '$DomainDnsName' - $($_.Exception.Message)" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Find-LocalAdsiServerSid -ComputerName '$DomainDnsName'" $DomainSid = Find-LocalAdsiServerSid -ComputerName $DomainDnsName -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams return $DomainSid } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Find-LocalAdsiServerSid -ComputerName '$DomainDnsName'" $DomainSid = Find-LocalAdsiServerSid -ComputerName $DomainDnsName -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams return $DomainSid } $DomainSid = $null if ($DomainDirectoryEntry.Properties) { $objectSIDProperty = $DomainDirectoryEntry.Properties['objectSid'] if ($objectSIDProperty.Value) { $SidByteArray = [byte[]]$objectSIDProperty.Value } else { $SidByteArray = [byte[]]$objectSIDProperty } } else { $SidByteArray = [byte[]]$DomainDirectoryEntry.objectSid } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]@($($SidByteArray -join ',')), 0).ToString()" $DomainSid = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($SidByteArray, 0).ToString() if ($DomainSid) { return $DomainSid } else { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # LDAP Domain: '$DomainDnsName' has an invalid SID - $($_.Exception.Message)" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } } function ConvertTo-Fqdn { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a domain distinguishedName name or NetBIOS name to its FQDN .DESCRIPTION For the DistinguishedName parameter, uses PowerShell's -replace operator to perform the conversion For the NetBIOS parameter, uses ConvertTo-DistinguishedName to convert from NetBIOS to distinguishedName, then recursively calls this function to get the FQDN .INPUTS [System.String]$DistinguishedName .OUTPUTS [System.String] FQDN version of the distinguishedName .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName 'DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' ad.contoso.com Convert the domain distinguishedName 'DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com' to its FQDN format 'ad.contoso.com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # distinguishedName of the domain [Parameter( ParameterSetName = 'DistinguishedName', ValueFromPipeline )] [string[]]$DistinguishedName, # NetBIOS name of the domain [Parameter( ParameterSetName = 'NetBIOS', ValueFromPipeline )] [string[]]$NetBIOS, <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } } process { ForEach ($DN in $DistinguishedName) { $DN -replace ',DC=', '.' -replace 'DC=', '' } ForEach ($ThisNetBios in $NetBIOS) { $DomainObject = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] if ( -not $DomainObject -and -not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DomainNetBIOS) ) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$DomainNetBIOS'" $DomainObject = Get-AdsiServer -Netbios $DomainNetBIOS -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] = $DomainObject } $DomainObject.Dns } } } function ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentation { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SID from byte array format to a string representation of its hexadecimal format .DESCRIPTION Uses the custom format operator -f to format each byte as a string hex representation .INPUTS [System.Byte[]]$SIDByteArray .OUTPUTS [System.String] SID as an array of strings representing the byte array's hexadecimal values .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentation -SIDByteArray $Bytes Convert the binary SID $Bytes to a hexadecimal string representation #> [OutputType([System.String[]])] param ( # SID [byte[]]$SIDByteArray ) $SIDHexString = $SIDByteArray | ForEach-Object { '{0:X}' -f $_ } return $SIDHexString } function ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SID from byte array format to a string representation of its hexadecimal format, properly formatted for an LDAP filter string .DESCRIPTION Uses the custom format operator -f to format each byte as a string hex representation .INPUTS [System.Byte[]]$SIDByteArray .OUTPUTS [System.String] SID as an array of strings representing the byte array's hexadecimal values .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString -SIDByteArray $Bytes Convert the binary SID $Bytes to a hexadecimal string representation, formatted for use in an LDAP filter string #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # SID to convert to a hex string [byte[]]$SIDByteArray ) $Hexes = $SIDByteArray | ForEach-Object { '{0:X}' -f $_ } | ForEach-Object { if ($_.Length -eq 2) { $_ } else { "0$_" } } "\$($Hexes -join '\')" } function ConvertTo-SidByteArray { <# .SYNOPSIS Convert a SID from a string to binary format (byte array) .DESCRIPTION Uses the GetBinaryForm method of the [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier] class .INPUTS [System.String]$SidString .OUTPUTS [System.Byte] SID a a byte array .EXAMPLE ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString $SID Convert the SID string to a byte array #> [OutputType([System.Byte[]])] param ( # SID to convert to binary [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$SidString ) process { ForEach ($ThisSID in $SidString) { $SID = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($ThisSID) [byte[]]$Bytes = [byte[]]::new($SID.BinaryLength) $SID.GetBinaryForm($Bytes, 0) $Bytes } } } function Expand-AdsiGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Use the LDAP provider to add information about group members to a DirectoryEntry of a group for easier access .DESCRIPTION Recursively retrieves group members and detailed information about them Specifically gets the SID, and resolves foreign security principals to their DirectoryEntry from the trusted domain .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] Returned with member info added now (if the DirectoryEntry is a group). .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators') | Get-AdsiGroupMember | Expand-AdsiGroupMember Need to fix example and add notes #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Expecting a DirectoryEntry from the LDAP or WinNT providers, or a PSObject imitation from Get-DirectoryEntry [parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $DirectoryEntry, # Properties of the group members to retrieve [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad = (@('Department', 'description', 'distinguishedName', 'grouptype', 'managedby', 'member', 'name', 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'operatingSystem', 'primaryGroupToken', 'samAccountName', 'Title')), <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't need to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid, # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } # The DomainsBySID cache must be populated with trusted domains in order to translate foreign security principals if ( $DomainsBySid.Keys.Count -lt 1 ) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "# No valid DomainsBySid cache found" $DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) $GetAdsiServerParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache } Get-TrustedDomain | ForEach-Object { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-AdsiServer -Fqdn $($_.DomainFqdn)" $null = Get-AdsiServer -Fqdn $_.DomainFqdn @GetAdsiServerParams @LoggingParams } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "# Valid DomainsBySid cache found" } $CacheParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid } $i = 0 } process { ForEach ($Entry in $DirectoryEntry) { $i++ #$status = ("$(Get-Date -Format s)`t$ThisHostname`tExpand-AdsiGroupMember`tStatus: Using ADSI to get info on group member $i`: " + $Entry.Name) #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$status" $Principal = $null if ($Entry.objectClass -contains 'foreignSecurityPrincipal') { if ($Entry.distinguishedName.Value -match '(?>^CN=)(?<SID>[^,]*)') { [string]$SID = $Matches.SID #The SID of the domain is the SID of the user minus the last block of numbers $DomainSid = $SID.Substring(0, $Sid.LastIndexOf("-")) $Domain = $DomainsBySid[$DomainSid] $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } $Principal = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$($Domain.Dns)/<SID=$SID>" @GetDirectoryEntryParams @CacheParams @LoggingParams try { $null = $Principal.RefreshCache($PropertiesToLoad) } catch { #$Success = $false $Principal = $Entry Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # SID '$SID' could not be retrieved from domain '$Domain'" } # Recursively enumerate group members if ($Principal.properties['objectClass'].Value -contains 'group') { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "'$($Principal.properties['name'])' is a group in '$Domain'" $AdsiGroupWithMembers = Get-AdsiGroupMember -Group $Principal -CimCache $CimCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @CacheParams @LoggingParams $Principal = Expand-AdsiGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $AdsiGroupWithMembers.FullMembers -CimCache $CimCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -ThisHostName $ThisHostName @CacheParams } } } else { $Principal = $Entry } Add-SidInfo -InputObject $Principal -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams } } } function Expand-WinNTGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Use the LDAP provider to add information about group members to a DirectoryEntry of a group for easier access .DESCRIPTION Recursively retrieves group members and detailed information about them .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] Returned with member info added now (if the DirectoryEntry is a group). .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators') | Get-WinNTGroupMember | Expand-WinNTGroupMember Need to fix example and add notes #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Expecting a DirectoryEntry from the WinNT provider, or a PSObject imitation from Get-DirectoryEntry [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $DirectoryEntry, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } } process { ForEach ($ThisEntry in $DirectoryEntry) { if (!($ThisEntry.Properties)) { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "'$ThisEntry' has no properties" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } elseif ($ThisEntry.Properties['objectClass'] -contains 'group') { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "'$($ThisEntry.Path)' is an ADSI group" $AdsiGroup = Get-AdsiGroup -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DirectoryPath $ThisEntry.Path -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams Add-SidInfo -InputObject $AdsiGroup.FullMembers -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams } else { if ($ThisEntry.SchemaClassName -eq 'group') { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "'$($ThisEntry.Path)' is a WinNT group" if ($ThisEntry.GetType().FullName -eq 'System.Collections.Hashtable') { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$($ThisEntry.Path)' is a special group with no direct memberships" Add-SidInfo -InputObject $ThisEntry -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams } else { Get-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $ThisEntry -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$($ThisEntry.Path)' is a user account" Add-SidInfo -InputObject $ThisEntry -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams } } } } } function Find-AdsiProvider { <# .SYNOPSIS Determine whether a directory server is an LDAP or a WinNT server .DESCRIPTION Uses the ADSI provider to attempt to query the server using LDAP first, then WinNT second .INPUTS [System.String] AdsiServer parameter. .OUTPUTS [System.String] Possible return values are: None LDAP WinNT .EXAMPLE Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer localhost Find the ADSI provider of the local computer .EXAMPLE Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer 'ad.contoso.com' Find the ADSI provider of the AD domain 'ad.contoso.com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # IP address or hostname of the directory server whose ADSI provider type to determine [string]$AdsiServer, <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $Log = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $AdsiProvider = $null $CommandParameters = @{ ComputerName = $AdsiServer Namespace = 'ROOT/StandardCimv2' Query = 'Select * From MSFT_NetTCPConnection Where LocalPort = 389' KeyProperty = 'LocalPort' CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream ErrorAction = 'Ignore' LogBuffer = $LogBuffer ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn ThisHostname = $ThisHostname WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } Write-LogMsg @Log -Text 'Get-CachedCimInstance' -Expand $CommandParameters if (Get-CachedCimInstance @CommandParameters) { #$AdsiPath = "LDAP://$AdsiServer" #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists('$AdsiPath')" #try { # $null = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists($AdsiPath) $AdsiProvider = 'LDAP' #} catch { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # $AdsiServer did not respond to LDAP" } } if (!$AdsiProvider) { #$AdsiPath = "WinNT://$AdsiServer" #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists('$AdsiPath')" #try { # $null = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists($AdsiPath) $AdsiProvider = 'WinNT' #} catch { # Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # $AdsiServer did not respond to WinNT" #} } #if (!$AdsiProvider) { # $AdsiPath = "LDAP://$AdsiServer" # Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists('$AdsiPath')" # try { # $null = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::Exists($AdsiPath) # $AdsiProvider = 'LDAP' # } catch { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # $AdsiServer did not respond to LDAP" } #} #if (!$AdsiProvider) { # $AdsiProvider = 'none' #} return $AdsiProvider } function Find-LocalAdsiServerSid { param ( # Name of the computer to query via CIM [string]$ComputerName, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $CimParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache ComputerName = $ThisHostName DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream LogBuffer = $LogBuffer ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn ThisHostname = $ThisHostname WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName '$ComputerName' -Query `"SELECT SID FROM Win32_UserAccount WHERE LocalAccount = 'True' AND SID LIKE 'S-1-5-21-%-500'`"" $LocalAdminAccount = Get-CachedCimInstance -Query "SELECT SID FROM Win32_UserAccount WHERE LocalAccount = 'True' AND SID LIKE 'S-1-5-21-%-500'" -KeyProperty SID @CimParams if (-not $LocalAdminAccount) { return } return $LocalAdminAccount.SID.Substring(0, $LocalAdminAccount.SID.LastIndexOf("-")) } function Get-AdsiGroup { <# .SYNOPSIS Get the directory entries for a group and its members using ADSI .DESCRIPTION Uses the ADSI components to search a directory for a group, then get its members Both the WinNT and LDAP providers are supported .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] for each group memeber .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiGroup -DirectoryPath 'WinNT://WORKGROUP/localhost' -GroupName Administrators Get members of the local Administrators group .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiGroup -GroupName Administrators On a domain-joined computer, this will get members of the domain's Administrators group On a workgroup computer, this will get members of the local Administrators group #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain #> [string]$DirectoryPath = (([System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new()).SearchRoot.Path), # Name (CN or Common Name) of the group to retrieve [string]$GroupName, # Properties of the group members to retrieve [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad = (@('Department', 'description', 'distinguishedName', 'grouptype', 'managedby', 'member', 'name', 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'operatingSystem', 'primaryGroupToken', 'samAccountName', 'Title')), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})) ) $GroupParams = @{ DirectoryPath = $DirectoryPath PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } $GroupMemberParams = @{ PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid ThisHostName = $ThisHostName ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn LogBuffer = $LogBuffer CimCache = $CimCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } switch -Regex ($DirectoryPath) { '^WinNT' { $GroupParams['DirectoryPath'] = "$DirectoryPath/$GroupName" $GroupMemberParams['DirectoryEntry'] = Get-DirectoryEntry @GroupParams $FullMembers = Get-WinNTGroupMember @GroupMemberParams break } '^$' { # This is expected for a workgroup computer $GroupParams['DirectoryPath'] = "WinNT://localhost/$GroupName" $GroupMemberParams['DirectoryEntry'] = Get-DirectoryEntry @GroupParams $FullMembers = Get-WinNTGroupMember @GroupMemberParams break } default { if ($GroupName) { $GroupParams['Filter'] = "(&(objectClass=group)(cn=$GroupName))" } else { $GroupParams['Filter'] = '(objectClass=group)' } $GroupMemberParams['Group'] = Search-Directory @GroupParams $FullMembers = Get-AdsiGroupMember @GroupMemberParams } } $FullMembers } function Get-AdsiGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Get members of a group from the LDAP provider .DESCRIPTION Use ADSI to get members of a group from the LDAP provider Return the group's DirectoryEntry plus a FullMembers property containing the member DirectoryEntries .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] plus a FullMembers property .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('LDAP://ad.contoso.com/CN=Administrators,CN=BuiltIn,DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com') | Get-AdsiGroupMember Get members of the domain Administrators group #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Directory entry of the LDAP group whose members to get [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $Group, # Properties of the group members to find in the directory [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Perform a non-recursive search of the memberOf attribute Otherwise the search will be recursive by default #> [switch]$NoRecurse, <# Search the primaryGroupId attribute only Ignore the memberOf attribute #> [switch]$PrimaryGroupOnly, # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $PathRegEx = '(?<Path>LDAP:\/\/[^\/]*)' $DomainRegEx = '(?i)DC=\w{1,}?\b' $PropertiesToLoad += 'primaryGroupToken', 'objectSid', 'objectClass' $PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad | Sort-Object -Unique $SearchParameters = @{ PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios CimCache = $CimCache ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } $CacheParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid } } process { foreach ($ThisGroup in $Group) { if (-not $ThisGroup.Properties['primaryGroupToken']) { $ThisGroup.RefreshCache('primaryGroupToken') } # The memberOf attribute does not reflect a user's Primary Group membership so the primaryGroupId attribute must be searched $primaryGroupIdFilter = "(primaryGroupId=$($ThisGroup.Properties['primaryGroupToken']))" if ($PrimaryGroupOnly) { $SearchParameters['Filter'] = $primaryGroupIdFilter } else { if ($NoRecurse) { # Non-recursive search of the memberOf attribute $MemberOfFilter = "(memberOf=$($ThisGroup.Properties['distinguishedname']))" } else { # Recursive search of the memberOf attribute $MemberOfFilter = "(memberOf:1.2.840.113556.1.4.1941:=$($ThisGroup.Properties['distinguishedname']))" } $SearchParameters['Filter'] = "(|$MemberOfFilter$primaryGroupIdFilter)" } if ($ThisGroup.Path -match $PathRegEx) { $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $Matches.Path -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams if ($ThisGroup.Path -match $DomainRegEx) { $Domain = ([regex]::Matches($ThisGroup.Path, $DomainRegEx) | ForEach-Object { $_.Value }) -join ',' $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$Domain" -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams } else { $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $ThisGroup.Path -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams } } else { $SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'] = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $ThisGroup.Path -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Search-Directory -DirectoryPath '$($SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'])' -Filter '$($SearchParameters['Filter'])'" $GroupMemberSearch = Search-Directory @SearchParameters Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($GroupMemberSearch.Count)' results for Search-Directory -DirectoryPath '$($SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'])' -Filter '$($SearchParameters['Filter'])'" if ($GroupMemberSearch.Count -gt 0) { $DirectoryEntryParams = @{ PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } $CurrentADGroupMembers = [System.Collections.Generic.List[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]]::new() $MembersThatAreGroups = $GroupMemberSearch | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.Properties['objectClass'] -contains 'group' } $DirectoryEntryParams = @{ PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream } if ($MembersThatAreGroups.Count -gt 0) { $FilterBuilder = [System.Text.StringBuilder]::new("(|") ForEach ($ThisMember in $MembersThatAreGroups) { $null = $FilterBuilder.Append("(primaryGroupId=$($ThisMember.Properties['primaryGroupToken'])))") } $null = $FilterBuilder.Append(")") $PrimaryGroupFilter = $FilterBuilder.ToString() $SearchParameters['Filter'] = $PrimaryGroupFilter Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Search-Directory -DirectoryPath '$($SearchParameters['DirectoryPath'])' -Filter '$($SearchParameters['Filter'])'" $PrimaryGroupMembers = Search-Directory @SearchParameters ForEach ($ThisMember in $PrimaryGroupMembers) { $FQDNPath = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $ThisMember.Path -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams $DirectoryEntry = $null Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath '$FQDNPath'" $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $FQDNPath @DirectoryEntryParams @CacheParams @LoggingParams if ($DirectoryEntry) { $null = $CurrentADGroupMembers.Add($DirectoryEntry) } } } ForEach ($ThisMember in $GroupMemberSearch) { $FQDNPath = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath $ThisMember.Path -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams $DirectoryEntry = $null Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath '$FQDNPath'" $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $FQDNPath @DirectoryEntryParams @CacheParams @LoggingParams if ($DirectoryEntry) { $null = $CurrentADGroupMembers.Add($DirectoryEntry) } } } else { $CurrentADGroupMembers = $null } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$($ThisGroup.Properties.name) has $(($CurrentADGroupMembers | Measure-Object).Count) members" $ProcessedGroupMembers = Expand-AdsiGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $CurrentADGroupMembers -CimCache $CimCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @CacheParams @LoggingParams Add-Member -InputObject $ThisGroup -MemberType NoteProperty -Name FullMembers -Value $ProcessedGroupMembers -Force -PassThru } } } function Get-AdsiServer { <# .SYNOPSIS Get information about a directory server including the ADSI provider it hosts and its well-known SIDs .DESCRIPTION Uses the ADSI provider to query the server using LDAP first, then WinNT upon failure Uses WinRM to query the CIM class Win32_SystemAccount for well-known SIDs .INPUTS [System.String]$Fqdn .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] with AdsiProvider and WellKnownSIDBySID properties .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiServer -Fqdn localhost Find the ADSI provider of the local computer .EXAMPLE Get-AdsiServer -Fqdn 'ad.contoso.com' Find the ADSI provider of the AD domain 'ad.contoso.com' #> [OutputType([System.String])] param ( # IP address or hostname of the directory server whose ADSI provider type to determine [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] [string[]]$Fqdn, # NetBIOS name of the ADSI server whose information to determine [string[]]$Netbios, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName,AdsiProvider,Win32Accounts properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', [switch]$RemoveCimSession, # Output from Get-KnownSidHashTable [hashtable]$WellKnownSIDBySID = (Get-KnownSidHashTable), # Output from Get-KnownSidHashTable but keyed by account Name [hashtable]$WellKnownSIDByName = @{} ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $CacheParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid } $CimParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } } process { ForEach ($DomainFqdn in $Fqdn) { $OutputObject = $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainFqdn] if ($OutputObject) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain FQDN cache hit for '$DomainFqdn'" $OutputObject continue } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer '$DomainFqdn' # Domain FQDN cache miss for '$DomainFqdn'" $AdsiProvider = Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer $DomainFqdn -CimCache $CimCache -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams $CacheParams['AdsiProvider'] = $AdsiProvider Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -DomainFQDN '$DomainFqdn' -AdsiProvider '$AdsiProvider'" $DomainDn = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -DomainFQDN $DomainFqdn -AdsiProvider $AdsiProvider @LoggingParams Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "ConvertTo-DomainSidString -DomainDnsName '$DomainFqdn' -ThisFqdn '$ThisFqdn'" $DomainSid = ConvertTo-DomainSidString -DomainDnsName $DomainFqdn -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @CacheParams @LoggingParams Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "ConvertTo-DomainNetBIOS -DomainFQDN '$DomainFqdn'" $DomainNetBIOS = ConvertTo-DomainNetBIOS -DomainFQDN $DomainFqdn -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @CacheParams @LoggingParams <# PS C:\Users\Owner> wmic SYSACCOUNT get name,sid Name SID Everyone S-1-1-0 LOCAL S-1-2-0 CREATOR OWNER S-1-3-0 CREATOR GROUP S-1-3-1 CREATOR OWNER SERVER S-1-3-2 CREATOR GROUP SERVER S-1-3-3 OWNER RIGHTS S-1-3-4 DIALUP S-1-5-1 NETWORK S-1-5-2 BATCH S-1-5-3 INTERACTIVE S-1-5-4 SERVICE S-1-5-6 ANONYMOUS LOGON S-1-5-7 PROXY S-1-5-8 SYSTEM S-1-5-18 ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS S-1-5-9 SELF S-1-5-10 Authenticated Users S-1-5-11 RESTRICTED S-1-5-12 TERMINAL SERVER USER S-1-5-13 REMOTE INTERACTIVE LOGON S-1-5-14 IUSR S-1-5-17 LOCAL SERVICE S-1-5-19 NETWORK SERVICE S-1-5-20 BUILTIN S-1-5-32 PS C:\Users\Owner> $logonDomainSid = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102' PS C:\Users\Owner> ForEach ($SidType in [System.Security.Principal.WellKnownSidType].GetEnumNames()) {$var = [System.Security.Principal.WellKnownSidType]::$SidType; [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($var,$LogonDomainSid) |Add-Member -PassThru -NotePropertyMembers @{'WellKnownSidType' = $SidType}} # PS 5.1 returns fewer results than PS 7.4 WellKnownSidType BinaryLength AccountDomainSid Value ---------------- ------------ ---------------- ----- NullSid 12 S-1-0-0 WorldSid 12 S-1-1-0 LocalSid 12 S-1-2-0 CreatorOwnerSid 12 S-1-3-0 CreatorGroupSid 12 S-1-3-1 CreatorOwnerServerSid 12 S-1-3-2 CreatorGroupServerSid 12 S-1-3-3 NTAuthoritySid 8 S-1-5 DialupSid 12 S-1-5-1 NetworkSid 12 S-1-5-2 BatchSid 12 S-1-5-3 InteractiveSid 12 S-1-5-4 ServiceSid 12 S-1-5-6 AnonymousSid 12 S-1-5-7 ProxySid 12 S-1-5-8 EnterpriseControllersSid 12 S-1-5-9 SelfSid 12 S-1-5-10 AuthenticatedUserSid 12 S-1-5-11 RestrictedCodeSid 12 S-1-5-12 TerminalServerSid 12 S-1-5-13 RemoteLogonIdSid 12 S-1-5-14 Exception calling ".ctor" with "2" argument(s): "Well-known SIDs of type LogonIdsSid cannot be created. Parameter name: sidType" At line:1 char:147 + ... ::$SidType; [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($var, ... + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException + FullyQualifiedErrorId : ArgumentException LocalSystemSid 12 S-1-5-18 LocalServiceSid 12 S-1-5-19 NetworkServiceSid 12 S-1-5-20 BuiltinDomainSid 12 S-1-5-32 BuiltinAdministratorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-544 BuiltinUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-545 BuiltinGuestsSid 16 S-1-5-32-546 BuiltinPowerUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-547 BuiltinAccountOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-548 BuiltinSystemOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-549 BuiltinPrintOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-550 BuiltinBackupOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-551 BuiltinReplicatorSid 16 S-1-5-32-552 BuiltinPreWindows2000CompatibleAccessSid 16 S-1-5-32-554 BuiltinRemoteDesktopUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-555 BuiltinNetworkConfigurationOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-556 AccountAdministratorSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-500 AccountGuestSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-501 AccountKrbtgtSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-502 AccountDomainAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-512 AccountDomainUsersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-513 AccountDomainGuestsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-514 AccountComputersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-515 AccountControllersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-516 AccountCertAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-517 AccountSchemaAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-518 AccountEnterpriseAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-519 AccountPolicyAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-520 AccountRasAndIasServersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-553 NtlmAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-5-64-10 DigestAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-5-64-21 SChannelAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-5-64-14 ThisOrganizationSid 12 S-1-5-15 OtherOrganizationSid 12 S-1-5-1000 BuiltinIncomingForestTrustBuildersSid 16 S-1-5-32-557 BuiltinPerformanceMonitoringUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-558 BuiltinPerformanceLoggingUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-559 BuiltinAuthorizationAccessSid 16 S-1-5-32-560 WinBuiltinTerminalServerLicenseServersSid 16 S-1-5-32-561 MaxDefined 16 S-1-5-32-561 # PS 7 returns more results WellKnownSidType BinaryLength AccountDomainSid Value ---------------- ------------ ---------------- ----- NullSid 12 S-1-0-0 WorldSid 12 S-1-1-0 LocalSid 12 S-1-2-0 CreatorOwnerSid 12 S-1-3-0 CreatorGroupSid 12 S-1-3-1 CreatorOwnerServerSid 12 S-1-3-2 CreatorGroupServerSid 12 S-1-3-3 NTAuthoritySid 8 S-1-5 DialupSid 12 S-1-5-1 NetworkSid 12 S-1-5-2 BatchSid 12 S-1-5-3 InteractiveSid 12 S-1-5-4 ServiceSid 12 S-1-5-6 AnonymousSid 12 S-1-5-7 ProxySid 12 S-1-5-8 EnterpriseControllersSid 12 S-1-5-9 SelfSid 12 S-1-5-10 AuthenticatedUserSid 12 S-1-5-11 RestrictedCodeSid 12 S-1-5-12 TerminalServerSid 12 S-1-5-13 RemoteLogonIdSid 12 S-1-5-14 MethodInvocationException: Exception calling ".ctor" with "2" argument(s): "Well-known SIDs of type LogonIdsSid cannot be created. (Parameter 'sidType')" LocalSystemSid 12 S-1-5-18 LocalServiceSid 12 S-1-5-19 NetworkServiceSid 12 S-1-5-20 BuiltinDomainSid 12 S-1-5-32 BuiltinAdministratorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-544 BuiltinUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-545 BuiltinGuestsSid 16 S-1-5-32-546 BuiltinPowerUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-547 BuiltinAccountOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-548 BuiltinSystemOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-549 BuiltinPrintOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-550 BuiltinBackupOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-551 BuiltinReplicatorSid 16 S-1-5-32-552 BuiltinPreWindows2000CompatibleAccessSid 16 S-1-5-32-554 BuiltinRemoteDesktopUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-555 BuiltinNetworkConfigurationOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-556 AccountAdministratorSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-500 AccountGuestSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-501 AccountKrbtgtSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-502 AccountDomainAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-512 AccountDomainUsersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-513 AccountDomainGuestsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-514 AccountComputersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-515 AccountControllersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-516 AccountCertAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-517 AccountSchemaAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-518 AccountEnterpriseAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-519 AccountPolicyAdminsSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-520 AccountRasAndIasServersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-553 NtlmAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-5-64-10 DigestAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-5-64-21 SChannelAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-5-64-14 ThisOrganizationSid 12 S-1-5-15 OtherOrganizationSid 12 S-1-5-1000 BuiltinIncomingForestTrustBuildersSid 16 S-1-5-32-557 BuiltinPerformanceMonitoringUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-558 BuiltinPerformanceLoggingUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-559 BuiltinAuthorizationAccessSid 16 S-1-5-32-560 WinBuiltinTerminalServerLicenseServersSid 16 S-1-5-32-561 MaxDefined 16 S-1-5-32-561 WinBuiltinDCOMUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-562 WinBuiltinIUsersSid 16 S-1-5-32-568 WinIUserSid 12 S-1-5-17 WinBuiltinCryptoOperatorsSid 16 S-1-5-32-569 WinUntrustedLabelSid 12 S-1-16-0 WinLowLabelSid 12 S-1-16-4096 WinMediumLabelSid 12 S-1-16-8192 WinHighLabelSid 12 S-1-16-12288 WinSystemLabelSid 12 S-1-16-16384 WinWriteRestrictedCodeSid 12 S-1-5-33 WinCreatorOwnerRightsSid 12 S-1-3-4 WinCacheablePrincipalsGroupSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-571 WinNonCacheablePrincipalsGroupSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-572 WinEnterpriseReadonlyControllersSid 12 S-1-5-22 WinAccountReadonlyControllersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-521 WinBuiltinEventLogReadersGroup 16 S-1-5-32-573 WinNewEnterpriseReadonlyControllersSid 28 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102 S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-498 WinBuiltinCertSvcDComAccessGroup 16 S-1-5-32-574 WinMediumPlusLabelSid 12 S-1-16-8448 MethodInvocationException: Exception calling ".ctor" with "2" argument(s): "The parameter is incorrect. (Parameter 'sidType/domainSid')" WinConsoleLogonSid 12 S-1-2-1 WinThisOrganizationCertificateSid 16 S-1-5-65-1 MethodInvocationException: Exception calling ".ctor" with "2" argument(s): "The parameter is incorrect. (Parameter 'sidType/domainSid')" WinBuiltinAnyPackageSid 16 S-1-15-2-1 WinCapabilityInternetClientSid 16 S-1-15-3-1 WinCapabilityInternetClientServerSid 16 S-1-15-3-2 WinCapabilityPrivateNetworkClientServerSid 16 S-1-15-3-3 WinCapabilityPicturesLibrarySid 16 S-1-15-3-4 WinCapabilityVideosLibrarySid 16 S-1-15-3-5 WinCapabilityMusicLibrarySid 16 S-1-15-3-6 WinCapabilityDocumentsLibrarySid 16 S-1-15-3-7 WinCapabilitySharedUserCertificatesSid 16 S-1-15-3-9 WinCapabilityEnterpriseAuthenticationSid 16 S-1-15-3-8 WinCapabilityRemovableStorageSid 16 S-1-15-3-10 #> Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName '$DomainFqdn' -ClassName 'Win32_Account'" $Win32Accounts = Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName $DomainFqdn -ClassName 'Win32_Account' -KeyProperty Caption -CacheByProperty @('Caption', 'SID') @CimParams @LoggingParams $OutputObject = [PSCustomObject]@{ DistinguishedName = $DomainDn Dns = $DomainFqdn Sid = $DomainSid Netbios = $DomainNetBIOS AdsiProvider = $AdsiProvider Win32Accounts = $Win32Accounts WellKnownSIDBySID = $WellKnownSIDBySID WellKnownSIDByName = $WellKnownSIDByName } $DomainsBySid[$OutputObject.Sid] = $OutputObject $DomainsByNetbios[$OutputObject.Netbios] = $OutputObject $DomainsByFqdn[$DomainFqdn] = $OutputObject $OutputObject } ForEach ($DomainNetbios in $Netbios) { $OutputObject = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetbios] if ($OutputObject) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$DomainNetbios'" $OutputObject continue } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CachedCimSession -ComputerName '$DomainNetbios' # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$DomainNetbios'" $CimSession = Get-CachedCimSession -ComputerName $DomainNetbios -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer '$DomainDnsName' # for '$DomainNetbios'" $AdsiProvider = Find-AdsiProvider -AdsiServer $DomainDnsName -CimCache $CimCache -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams $CacheParams['AdsiProvider'] = $AdsiProvider Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain '$DomainNetBIOS'" $DomainDn = ConvertTo-DistinguishedName -Domain $DomainNetBIOS -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios @LoggingParams if ($DomainDn) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName '$DomainDn' # for '$DomainNetbios'" $DomainDnsName = ConvertTo-Fqdn -DistinguishedName $DomainDn -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams } else { $ParentDomainDnsName = Get-ParentDomainDnsName -DomainsByNetbios $DomainNetBIOS -CimSession $CimSession -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams $DomainDnsName = "$DomainNetBIOS.$ParentDomainDnsName" } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "ConvertTo-DomainSidString -DomainDnsName '$DomainFqdn' -AdsiProvider '$AdsiProvider' -ThisFqdn '$ThisFqdn' # for '$DomainNetbios'" $DomainSid = ConvertTo-DomainSidString -DomainDnsName $DomainDnsName -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @CacheParams @LoggingParams Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName '$DomainDnsName' -ClassName 'Win32_Account' # for '$DomainNetbios'" $Win32Accounts = Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName $DomainFqdn -ClassName 'Win32_Account' -KeyProperty Caption -CacheByProperty @('Caption', 'SID') @CimParams @LoggingParams if ($RemoveCimSession) { Remove-CimSession -CimSession $CimSession } $OutputObject = [PSCustomObject]@{ DistinguishedName = $DomainDn Dns = $DomainDnsName Sid = $DomainSid Netbios = $DomainNetBIOS AdsiProvider = $AdsiProvider Win32Accounts = $Win32Accounts WellKnownSIDBySID = $WellKnownSIDBySID WellKnownSIDByName = $WellKnownSIDByName } $DomainsBySid[$OutputObject.Sid] = $OutputObject $DomainsByNetbios[$OutputObject.Netbios] = $OutputObject $DomainsByFqdn[$OutputObject.Dns] = $OutputObject $OutputObject } } } function Get-CurrentDomain { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to get the current domain .DESCRIPTION Works only on domain-joined systems, otherwise returns nothing .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] The current domain .EXAMPLE Get-CurrentDomain Get the domain of the current computer #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # Name of the computer to query via CIM [string]$ComputerName, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $CimParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache ComputerName = $ComputerName DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream LogBuffer = $LogBuffer ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn ThisHostname = $ThisHostname WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $Comp = Get-CachedCimInstance -ClassName Win32_ComputerSystem -KeyProperty Name @CimParams if ($Comp.Domain -eq 'WORKGROUP') { # Use CIM to find the domain $SIDString = Find-LocalAdsiServerSid @CimParams $SID = $SIDString | ConvertTo-SidByteArray $OutputProperties = @{ SIDString = $SIDString ObjectSid = [PSCustomObject]@{ Value = $Sid } DistinguishedName = [PSCustomObject]@{ Value = "DC=$ComputerName" } } } else { # Use ADSI to find the domain $CurrentDomain = [adsi]::new() $null = $CurrentDomain.RefreshCache('objectSid') # Convert the objectSID attribute (byte array) to a security descriptor string formatted according to SDDL syntax (Security Descriptor Definition Language) Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text '[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$CurrentDomain.objectSid.Value, 0)' $OutputProperties = @{ SIDString = & { [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new([byte[]]$CurrentDomain.objectSid.Value, 0) } 2>$null } # Get any existing properties for inclusion later $InputProperties = (Get-Member -InputObject $CurrentDomain[0] -MemberType Property, CodeProperty, ScriptProperty, NoteProperty).Name # Include any existing properties found earlier ForEach ($ThisProperty in $InputProperties) { $OutputProperties[$ThisProperty] = $ThisPrincipal.$ThisProperty } } # Output the object return [PSCustomObject]$OutputProperties } function Get-DirectoryEntry { <# .SYNOPSIS Use Active Directory Service Interfaces to retrieve an object from a directory .DESCRIPTION Retrieve a directory entry using either the WinNT or LDAP provider for ADSI .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] where possible [PSCustomObject] for security principals with no directory entry .EXAMPLE Get-DirectoryEntry distinguishedName : {DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com} Path : LDAP://DC=ad,DC=contoso,DC=com As the current user on a domain-joined computer, bind to the current domain and retrieve the DirectoryEntry for the root of the domain .EXAMPLE Get-DirectoryEntry distinguishedName : Path : WinNT://ComputerName As the current user on a workgroup computer, bind to the local system and retrieve the DirectoryEntry for the root of the directory #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry], [PSCustomObject])] [CmdletBinding()] param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain #> [string]$DirectoryPath = (([System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new()).SearchRoot.Path), <# Credentials to use to bind to the directory Defaults to the credentials of the current user #> [pscredential]$Credential, # Properties of the target object to retrieve [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain FQDNs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values # This is not actually used but is here so the parameter can be included in a splat shared with other functions [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $SidTypes = @{ 1 = 'user' #'SidTypeUser' 2 = 'group' #'SidTypeGroup' 3 = 'SidTypeDomain' 4 = 'SidTypeAlias' 5 = 'group' #'SidTypeWellKnownGroup' 6 = 'SidTypeDeletedAccount' 7 = 'SidTypeInvalid' 8 = 'SidTypeUnknown' 9 = 'computer' #'SidTypeComputer' } $LastSlashIndex = $DirectoryPath.LastIndexOf('/') $StartIndex = $LastSlashIndex + 1 $AccountName = $DirectoryPath.Substring($StartIndex, $DirectoryPath.Length - $StartIndex) $ParentDirectoryPath = $DirectoryPath.Substring(0, $LastSlashIndex) $FirstSlashIndex = $ParentDirectoryPath.IndexOf('/') $ParentPath = $ParentDirectoryPath.Substring($FirstSlashIndex + 2, $ParentDirectoryPath.Length - $FirstSlashIndex - 2) $FirstSlashIndex = $ParentPath.IndexOf('/') if ($FirstSlashIndex -ne (-1)) { $Server = $ParentPath.Substring(0, $FirstSlashIndex) if ($Server.Equals('WORKGROUP')) { $Server = $ParentPath.Substring($FirstSlashIndex + 1, $ParentPath.Length - $FirstSlashIndex - 1) } } else { $Server = $ParentPath } if ($Server -ne 'JLA-LoftHTPC') { pause } $CimServer = $CimCache[$Server] <# The WinNT provider only throws an error if you try to retrieve certain accounts/identities We will create own dummy objects instead of performing the query #> if ($CimServer) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # CIM server cache hit for '$Server'" $ID = "$Server\$AccountName" $CimCacheResult = $CimServer['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$ID] if ($CimCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountByCaption CIM instance cache hit for '$ID' on '$Server'" $FakeDirectoryEntry = @{ 'Description' = $CimCacheResult.Description 'SID' = $CimCacheResult.SID 'DirectoryPath' = $DirectoryPath } if ($CimCacheResult.SIDType) { $FakeDirectoryEntry['SchemaClassName'] = $SidTypes[[int]$CimCacheResult.SIDType] } $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry @FakeDirectoryEntry } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountByCaption CIM instance cache miss for '$ID' on '$Server'" $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByFqdn[$Server] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $SIDCacheResult = $DomainCacheResult['WellKnownSIDBySID'][$ID] if ($SIDCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by SID cache hit for '$ID' on host with FQDN '$Server'" $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @SIDCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by SID cache miss for '$ID' on host with FQDN '$Server'" $NameCacheResult = $DomainCacheResult['WellKnownSIDByName'][$AccountName] if ($NameCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by name cache hit for '$AccountName' on host with FQDN '$Server'" $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @NameCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by name cache miss for '$AccountName' on host with FQDN '$Server'" } } } else { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$Server] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $SIDCacheResult = $DomainCacheResult['WellKnownSIDBySID'][$ID] if ($SIDCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by SID cache hit for '$ID' on host with NetBIOS '$Server'" $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @SIDCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by SID cache miss for '$ID' on host with NetBIOS '$Server'" $NameCacheResult = $DomainCacheResult['WellKnownSIDByName'][$AccountName] if ($NameCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by name cache hit for '$AccountName' on host with NetBIOS '$Server'" $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @NameCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by name cache miss for '$AccountName' on host with NetBIOS '$Server'" } } } else { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsBySid[$Server] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $SIDCacheResult = $DomainCacheResult['WellKnownSIDBySID'][$ID] if ($SIDCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by SID cache hit for '$ID' on host with SID '$Server'" $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @SIDCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by SID cache miss for '$ID' on host with SID '$Server'" $NameCacheResult = $DomainCacheResult['WellKnownSIDByName'][$AccountName] if ($NameCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by name cache hit for '$AccountName' on host with SID '$Server'" $DirectoryEntry = New-FakeDirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @NameCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Well-known SID by name cache miss for '$AccountName' on host with SID '$Server'" } } } } } } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # CIM server cache miss for '$Server'" } if ($null -eq $DirectoryEntry) { switch -regex ($DirectoryPath) { # Workgroup computers do not return a DirectoryEntry with a SearchRoot Path so this ends up being an empty string # This is also invoked when DirectoryPath is null for any reason # We will return a WinNT object representing the local computer's WinNT directory '^$' { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "'$ThisHostname' does not seem to be domain-joined since the SearchRoot Path is empty. Defaulting to WinNT provider for localhost instead." $CimParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache ComputerName = $ThisFqdn DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } $Workgroup = (Get-CachedCimInstance -ClassName 'Win32_ComputerSystem' -KeyProperty Name @CimParams @LoggingParams).Workgroup $DirectoryPath = "WinNT://$Workgroup/$ThisHostname" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('$DirectoryPath')" if ($Credential) { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath, $($Credential.UserName), $($Credential.GetNetworkCredential().password)) } else { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath) } $SampleUser = @($DirectoryEntry.PSBase.Children | Where-Object -FilterScript { $_.schemaclassname -eq 'user' })[0] | Add-SidInfo -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams $DirectoryEntry | Add-Member -MemberType NoteProperty -Name 'Domain' -Value $SampleUser.Domain -Force break } # Otherwise the DirectoryPath is an LDAP path or a WinNT path (treated the same at this stage) default { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('$DirectoryPath')" if ($Credential) { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath, $($Credential.UserName), $($Credential.GetNetworkCredential().password)) } else { $DirectoryEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new($DirectoryPath) } break } } } if ($null -eq $DirectoryEntryCache[$DirectoryPath]) { $DirectoryEntryCache[$DirectoryPath] = $DirectoryEntry } else { #Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "DirectoryEntryCache hit for '$DirectoryPath'" $DirectoryEntry = $DirectoryEntryCache[$DirectoryPath] } if ($PropertiesToLoad) { try { # If the $DirectoryPath was invalid, this line will return an error $null = $DirectoryEntry.RefreshCache($PropertiesToLoad) } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat # Ensure that the error message appears on 1 line # Use .Trim() to remove leading and trailing whitespace # Use -replace to remove an errant line break in the following specific error I encountered: The following exception occurred while retrieving member "RefreshCache": "The group name could not be found.`r`n" Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$DirectoryPath' could not be retrieved. Error: $($_.Exception.Message.Trim().Replace('The following exception occurred while retrieving member "RefreshCache": ','').Replace('"',''))" # -replace '\s"',' "')" return } } return $DirectoryEntry } function Get-KnownSid { #https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-dtyp/81d92bba-d22b-4a8c-908a-554ab29148ab #https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/manage/understand-security-identifiers param ([string]$SID) switch -regex ($SID) { 'S-1-15-2-' { return @{ 'Name' = "App Container $SID" 'Description' = "App Container $SID" 'NTAccount' = "APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\App Container $SID" 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-15-3-' { return ConvertFrom-AppCapabilitySid -SID $IdentityReference } 'S-1-5-5-(?<Session>[^-]-[^-])' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Logon Session' 'Description' = "Sign-in session $($Matches.Session)" 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Logon Session' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-500' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Administrator' 'Description' = "A built-in user account for the system administrator to administer the computer/domain. Every computer has a local Administrator account and every domain has a domain Administrator account. The Administrator account is the first account created during operating system installation. The account can't be deleted, disabled, or locked out, but it can be renamed. By default, the Administrator account is a member of the Administrators group, and it can't be removed from that group." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Administrator' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-501' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Guest' 'Description' = "A user account for people who don't have individual accounts. Every computer has a local Guest account, and every domain has a domain Guest account. By default, Guest is a member of the Everyone and the Guests groups. The domain Guest account is also a member of the Domain Guests and Domain Users groups. Unlike Anonymous Logon, Guest is a real account, and it can be used to sign in interactively. The Guest account doesn't require a password, but it can have one." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Guest' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-502' { return @{ 'Name' = 'KRBTGT' 'Description' = "Kerberos Ticket-Generating Ticket account: a user account that's used by the Key Distribution Center (KDC) service. The account exists only on domain controllers." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\KRBTGT' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-512' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Domain Admins' 'Description' = "A global group with members that are authorized to administer the domain. By default, the Domain Admins group is a member of the Administrators group on all computers that have joined the domain, including domain controllers. Domain Admins is the default owner of any object that's created in the domain's Active Directory by any member of the group. If members of the group create other objects, such as files, the default owner is the Administrators group." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Domain Admins' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-513' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Domain Users' 'Description' = "A global group that includes all users in a domain. When you create a new User object in Active Directory, the user is automatically added to this group." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Domain Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-514' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Domain Guests' 'Description' = "A global group that, by default, has only one member: the domain's built-in Guest account." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Domain Guests' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-515' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Domain Computers' 'Description' = "A global group that includes all computers that have joined the domain, excluding domain controllers." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Domain Computers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-516' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Domain Controllers' 'Description' = "A global group that includes all domain controllers in the domain. New domain controllers are added to this group automatically." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Domain Controllers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-517' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Cert Publishers' 'Description' = "A global group that includes all computers that host an enterprise certification authority. Cert Publishers are authorized to publish certificates for User objects in Active Directory." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Cert Publishers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-root domain-518' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Schema Admins' 'Description' = "A group that exists only in the forest root domain. It's a universal group if the domain is in native mode, and it's a global group if the domain is in mixed mode. The Schema Admins group is authorized to make schema changes in Active Directory. By default, the only member of the group is the Administrator account for the forest root domain." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Schema Admins' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-root domain-519' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Enterprise Admins' 'Description' = "A group that exists only in the forest root domain. It's a universal group if the domain is in native mode, and it's a global group if the domain is in mixed mode. The Enterprise Admins group is authorized to make changes to the forest infrastructure, such as adding child domains, configuring sites, authorizing DHCP servers, and installing enterprise certification authorities. By default, the only member of Enterprise Admins is the Administrator account for the forest root domain. The group is a default member of every Domain Admins group in the forest." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Enterprise Admins' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-520' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Group Policy Creator Owners' 'Description' = "A global group that's authorized to create new Group Policy Objects in Active Directory. By default, the only member of the group is Administrator. Objects that are created by members of Group Policy Creator Owners are owned by the individual user who creates them. In this way, the Group Policy Creator Owners group is unlike other administrative groups (such as Administrators and Domain Admins). Objects that are created by members of these groups are owned by the group rather than by the individual." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Group Policy Creator Owners' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-521' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Read-only Domain Controllers' 'Description' = "A global group that includes all read-only domain controllers." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Read-only Domain Controllers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-522' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Clonable Controllers' 'Description' = "A global group that includes all domain controllers in the domain that can be cloned." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Clonable Controllers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-525' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Protected Users' 'Description' = "A global group that is afforded additional protections against authentication security threats." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Protected Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-root domain-526' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Key Admins' 'Description' = "This group is intended for use in scenarios where trusted external authorities are responsible for modifying this attribute. Only trusted administrators should be made a member of this group." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Key Admins' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-527' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Enterprise Key Admins' 'Description' = "This group is intended for use in scenarios where trusted external authorities are responsible for modifying this attribute. Only trusted enterprise administrators should be made a member of this group." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Enterprise Key Admins' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-553' { return @{ 'Name' = 'RAS and IAS Servers' 'Description' = "A local domain group. By default, this group has no members. Computers that are running the Routing and Remote Access service are added to the group automatically. Members have access to certain properties of User objects, such as Read Account Restrictions, Read Logon Information, and Read Remote Access Information." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\RAS and IAS Servers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-571' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Allowed RODC Password Replication Group' 'Description' = "Members in this group can have their passwords replicated to all read-only domain controllers in the domain." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Allowed RODC Password Replication Group' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } 'S-1-5-(?<Domain>.*)-572' { return @{ 'Name' = 'Denied RODC Password Replication Group' 'Description' = "Members in this group can't have their passwords replicated to all read-only domain controllers in the domain." 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Denied RODC Password Replication Group' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = $SID } } default { return @{ 'Name' = $SID 'Description' = $SID 'NTAccount' = $SID 'SchemaClassName' = 'unknown' 'SID' = $SID } } } } function Get-KnownSidHashTable { # Some of these cannot be translated using the [SecurityIdentifier]::Translate or [NTAccount]::Translate methods. # Some of these cannot be retrieved using CIM or ADSI. # Hardcoding them here allows avoiding queries that we know will fail. return @{ #https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/identity/ad-ds/manage/understand-security-identifiers 'S-1-0-0' = @{ 'Description' = "A group with no members. This is often used when a SID value isn't known." 'Name' = 'NULL SID' 'NTAccount' = 'NULL SID AUTHORITY\NULL SID' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-0-0' } 'S-1-1-0' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users; aka 'World'." 'Name' = 'Everyone' 'NTAccount' = 'WORLD SID AUTHORITY\Everyone' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-1-0' } 'S-1-2-1' = @{ 'Description' = 'A group that includes users who are signed in to the physical console.' 'Name' = 'CONSOLE LOGON' 'NTAccount' = 'LOCAL SID AUTHORITY\CONSOLE LOGON' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-2-0' } 'S-1-3-0' = @{ 'Description' = 'A security identifier to be replaced by the SID of the user who creates a new object. This SID is used in inheritable access control entries.' 'Name' = 'CREATOR OWNER' 'NTAccount' = 'CREATOR SID AUTHORITY\CREATOR OWNER' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-3-0' } 'S-1-4' = @{ 'Description' = 'A SID that represents an identifier authority which is not unique.' 'Name' = 'Non-unique Authority' 'NTAccount' = 'Non-unique Authority' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-4' } 'S-1-5' = @{ 'Description' = "The SECURITY_NT_AUTHORITY (S-1-5) predefined identifier authority produces SIDs that aren't universal and are meaningful only in installations of the Windows operating systems in the 'Applies to' list at the beginning of this article." 'Name' = 'NT Authority' 'NTAccount' = 'NT Authority' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-5' } 'S-1-5-1' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users who are signed in to the system via dial-up connection." 'Name' = 'Dialup' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\DIALUP' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-1' } 'S-1-5-2' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users who are signed in via a network connection. Access tokens for interactive users don't contain the Network SID." 'Name' = 'Network' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-2' } 'S-1-5-3' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users who have signed in via batch queue facility, such as task scheduler jobs." 'Name' = 'Batch' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\BATCH' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-3' } 'S-1-5-4' = @{ 'Description' = "Users who log on for interactive operation. This is a group identifier added to the token of a process when it was logged on interactively. A group that includes all users who sign in interactively. A user can start an interactive sign-in session by opening a Remote Desktop Services connection from a remote computer, or by using a remote shell such as Telnet. In each case, the user's access token contains the Interactive SID. If the user signs in by using a Remote Desktop Services connection, the user's access token also contains the Remote Interactive Logon SID." 'Name' = 'INTERACTIVE' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\INTERACTIVE' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-4' } 'S-1-5-6' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all security principals that have signed in as a service." 'Name' = 'Service' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\SERVICE' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-6' } 'S-1-5-7' = @{ 'Description' = 'A user who has connected to the computer without supplying a user name and password. Not a member of Authenticated Users.' 'Name' = 'ANONYMOUS LOGON' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\ANONYMOUS LOGON' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-7' } 'S-1-5-8' = @{ 'Description' = "Doesn't currently apply: this SID isn't used." 'Name' = 'Proxy' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\PROXY' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-8' } 'S-1-5-9' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all domain controllers in a forest of domains." 'Name' = 'Enterprise Domain Controllers' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\ENTERPRISE DOMAIN CONTROLLERS' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-9' } 'S-1-5-10' = @{ 'Description' = "A placeholder in an ACE for a user, group, or computer object in Active Directory. When you grant permissions to Self, you grant them to the security principal that's represented by the object. During an access check, the operating system replaces the SID for Self with the SID for the security principal that's represented by the object." 'Name' = 'Self' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\SELF' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-10' } 'S-1-5-11' = @{ 'Description' = 'A group that includes all users and computers with identities that have been authenticated. Does not include Guest even if the Guest account has a password. This group includes authenticated security principals from any trusted domain, not only the current domain.' 'Name' = 'Authenticated Users' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\Authenticated Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-11' } 'S-1-5-12' = @{ 'Description' = "An identity that's used by a process that's running in a restricted security context. In Windows and Windows Server operating systems, a software restriction policy can assign one of three security levels to code: Unrestricted/Restricted/Disallowed. When code runs at the restricted security level, the Restricted SID is added to the user's access token." 'Name' = 'Restricted Code' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\RESTRICTED' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-12' } 'S-1-5-13' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users who sign in to a server with Remote Desktop Services enabled." 'Name' = 'Terminal Server User' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\TERMINAL SERVER USER' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-13' } 'S-1-5-14' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users who sign in to the computer by using a remote desktop connection. This group is a subset of the Interactive group. Access tokens that contain the Remote Interactive Logon SID also contain the Interactive SID." 'Name' = 'Remote Interactive Logon' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\REMOTE INTERACTIVE LOGON' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-14' } 'S-1-5-15' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all users from the same organization. Included only with Active Directory accounts and added only by a domain controller." 'Name' = 'This Organization' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\This Organization' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-15' } 'S-1-5-17' = @{ 'Description' = "An account that's used by the default Internet Information Services (IIS) user." 'Name' = 'IUSR' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\IUSR' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-17' } 'S-1-5-18' = @{ 'Description' = "An identity used locally by the operating system and by services that are configured to sign in as LocalSystem. System is a hidden member of Administrators. That is, any process running as System has the SID for the built-in Administrators group in its access token. When a process that's running locally as System accesses network resources, it does so by using the computer's domain identity. Its access token on the remote computer includes the SID for the local computer's domain account plus SIDs for security groups that the computer is a member of, such as Domain Computers and Authenticated Users. By default, the SYSTEM account is granted Full Control permissions to all files on an NTFS volume (LocalSystem)" 'Name' = 'SYSTEM' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-18' } 'S-1-5-19' = @{ 'Description' = "An identity used by services that are local to the computer, have no need for extensive local access, and don't need authenticated network access. Services that run as LocalService access local resources as ordinary users, and they access network resources as anonymous users. As a result, a service that runs as LocalService has significantly less authority than a service that runs as LocalSystem locally and on the network." 'Name' = 'LOCAL SERVICE' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\LOCAL SERVICE' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-19' } 'S-1-5-20' = @{ 'Description' = "An identity used by services that have no need for extensive local access but do need authenticated network access. Services running as NetworkService access local resources as ordinary users and access network resources by using the computer's identity. As a result, a service that runs as NetworkService has the same network access as a service that runs as LocalSystem, but it has significantly reduced local access." 'Name' = 'NETWORK SERVICE' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\NETWORK SERVICE' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-20' } 'S-1-5-32-544' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group used for administration of the computer/domain. Administrators have complete and unrestricted access to the computer/domain. After the initial installation of the operating system, the only member of the group is the Administrator account. When a computer joins a domain, the Domain Admins group is added to the Administrators group. When a server becomes a domain controller, the Enterprise Admins group also is added to the Administrators group. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ADMINS)" 'Name' = 'Administrators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Administrators' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-544' } 'S-1-5-32-545' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that represents all users in the domain. Users are prevented from making accidental or intentional system-wide changes and can run most applications. After the initial installation of the operating system, the only member is the Authenticated Users group. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-545' } 'S-1-5-32-546' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that represents guests of the domain. Guests have the same access as members of the Users group by default, except for the Guest account which is further restricted. By default, the only member is the Guest account. The Guests group allows occasional or one-time users to sign in with limited privileges to a computer's built-in Guest account. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_GUESTS)" 'Name' = 'Guests' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Guests' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-546' } 'S-1-5-32-547' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group used to represent a user or set of users who expect to treat a system as if it were their personal computer rather than as a workstation for multiple users. By default, the group has no members. Power users can create local users and groups; modify and delete accounts that they have created; and remove users from the Power Users, Users, and Guests groups. Power users also can install programs; create, manage, and delete local printers; and create and delete file shares. Power Users are included for backwards compatibility and possess limited administrative powers. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_POWER_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Power Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Power Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-547' } 'S-1-5-32-548' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that exists only on domain controllers. This group permits control over nonadministrator accounts. By default, the group has no members. By default, Account Operators have permission to create, modify, and delete accounts for users, groups, and computers in all containers and organizational units of Active Directory except the Builtin container and the Domain Controllers OU. Account Operators don't have permission to modify the Administrators and Domain Admins groups, nor do they have permission to modify the accounts for members of those groups. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ACCOUNT_OPS)" 'Name' = 'Account Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ACCOUNT_OPS' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-548' } 'S-1-5-32-549' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that exists only on domain controllers. This group performs system administrative functions, not including security functions. It establishes network shares, controls printers, unlocks workstations, and performs other operations. By default, the group has no members. Server Operators can sign in to a server interactively; create and delete network shares; start and stop services; back up and restore files; format the hard disk of the computer; and shut down the computer. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_SYSTEM_OPS)" 'Name' = 'Server Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_SYSTEM_OPS' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-549' } 'S-1-5-32-550' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that exists only on domain controllers. This group controls printers and print queues. By default, the only member is the Domain Users group. Print Operators can manage printers and document queues. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_PRINT_OPS)" 'Name' = 'Print Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_PRINT_OPS' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-550' } 'S-1-5-32-551' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group used for controlling assignment of file backup-and-restore privileges. Backup Operators can override security restrictions for the sole purpose of backing up or restoring files. By default, the group has no members. Backup Operators can back up and restore all files on a computer, regardless of the permissions that protect those files. Backup Operators also can sign in to the computer and shut it down. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_BACKUP_OPS)" 'Name' = 'Backup Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Backup Operators' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-551' } 'S-1-5-32-552' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group responsible for copying security databases from the primary domain controller to the backup domain controllers by the File Replication service. By default, the group has no members. Don't add users to this group. These accounts are used only by the system. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_REPLICATOR)" 'Name' = 'Replicators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Replicator' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-552' } 'S-1-5-32-554' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group added by Windows 2000 server and used for backward compatibility. Allows read access on all users and groups in the domain. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_PREW2KCOMPACCESS)" 'Name' = 'Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Pre-Windows 2000 Compatible Access' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-554' } 'S-1-5-32-555' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group that represents all remote desktop users. Members are granted the right to logon remotely. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_REMOTE_DESKTOP_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Remote Desktop Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Remote Desktop Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-555' } 'S-1-5-32-556' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group that represents the network configuration. Members can have some administrative privileges to manage configuration of networking features. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_NETWORK_CONFIGURATION_OPS)" 'Name' = 'Network Configuration Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Network Configuration Operators' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-556' } 'S-1-5-32-557' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group that represents any forest trust users. Members can create incoming, one-way trusts to this forest. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_INCOMING_FOREST_TRUST_BUILDERS)" 'Name' = 'Incoming Forest Trust Builders' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Incoming Forest Trust Builders' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-557' } 'S-1-5-32-558' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group. Members can access performance counter data locally and remotely. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_MONITORING_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Performance Monitor Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Performance Monitor Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-558' } 'S-1-5-32-559' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group responsible for logging users. Members may schedule logging of performance counters, enable trace providers, and collect event traces both locally and via remote access to this computer. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_LOGGING_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Performance Log Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Performance Log Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-559' } 'S-1-5-32-560' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group that represents all authorized access. Members have access to the computed tokenGroupsGlobalAndUniversal attribute on User objects. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_AUTHORIZATIONACCESS)" 'Name' = 'Windows Authorization Access Group' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Windows Authorization Access Group' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-560' } 'S-1-5-32-561' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group that exists only on systems running server operating systems that allow for terminal services and remote access. When Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 is installed, a new local group is created. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_TS_LICENSE_SERVERS)" 'Name' = 'Terminal Server License Servers' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Terminal Server License Servers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-561' } 'S-1-5-32-562' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A local group that represents users who can use Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). Used by COM to provide computer-wide access controls that govern access to all call, activation, or launch requests on the computer.Members are allowed to launch, activate and use Distributed COM objects on this machine. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_DCOM_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Distributed COM Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Distributed COM Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-562' } 'S-1-5-32-568' = @{ 'Description' = "An alias. A built-in local group used by Internet Information Services that represents Internet users. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_IUSERS)" 'Name' = 'IIS_IUSRS' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\IIS_IUSRS' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-568' } 'S-1-5-32-569' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that represents access to cryptography operators. Members are authorized to perform cryptographic operations. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_CRYPTO_OPERATORS)" 'Name' = 'Cryptographic Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Cryptographic Operators' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-569' } 'S-1-5-32-573' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group that represents event log readers. Members can read event logs from a local computer. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_EVENT_LOG_READERS_GROUP)" 'Name' = 'Event Log Readers' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-573' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Event Log Readers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' } 'S-1-5-32-574' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Members are allowed to connect to Certification Authorities in the enterprise using Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM). (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_CERTSVC_DCOM_ACCESS_GROUP)" 'Name' = 'Certificate Service DCOM Access' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Certificate Service DCOM Access' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-574' } 'S-1-5-32-575' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Servers in this group enable users of RemoteApp programs and personal virtual desktops access to these resources. In internet-facing deployments, these servers are typically deployed in an edge network. This group needs to be populated on servers that are running RD Connection Broker. RD Gateway servers and RD Web Access servers used in the deployment need to be in this group. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_RDS_REMOTE_ACCESS_SERVERS)" 'Name' = 'RDS Remote Access Servers' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\RDS Remote Access Servers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-575' } 'S-1-5-32-576' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Servers in this group run virtual machines and host sessions where users RemoteApp programs and personal virtual desktops run. This group needs to be populated on servers running RD Connection Broker. RD Session Host servers and RD Virtualization Host servers used in the deployment need to be in this group. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_RDS_ENDPOINT_SERVERS)" 'Name' = 'RDS Endpoint Servers' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\RDS Endpoint Servers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-576' } 'S-1-5-32-577' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Servers in this group can perform routine administrative actions on servers running Remote Desktop Services. This group needs to be populated on all servers in a Remote Desktop Services deployment. The servers running the RDS Central Management service must be included in this group. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_RDS_MANAGEMENT_SERVERS)" 'Name' = 'RDS Management Servers' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\RDS Management Servers' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-577' } 'S-1-5-32-578' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Members have complete and unrestricted access to all features of Hyper-V. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_HYPER_V_ADMINS)" 'Name' = 'Hyper-V Administrators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Hyper-V Administrators' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-578' } 'S-1-5-32-579' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Members can remotely query authorization attributes and permissions for resources on this computer. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_ACCESS_CONTROL_ASSISTANCE_OPS)" 'Name' = 'Access Control Assistance Operators' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Access Control Assistance Operators' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-579' } 'S-1-5-32-580' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in local group. Members can access Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) resources over management protocols (such as WS-Management via the Windows Remote Management service). This applies only to WMI namespaces that grant access to the user. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_REMOTE_MANAGEMENT_USERS)" 'Name' = 'Remote Management Users' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Remote Management Users' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-580' } 'S-1-5-64-10' = @{ 'Description' = "A SID that's used when the NTLM authentication package authenticates the client." 'Name' = 'NTLM Authentication' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\NTLM Authentication' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-64-10' } 'S-1-5-64-14' = @{ 'Description' = "A SID that's used when the SChannel authentication package authenticates the client." 'Name' = 'SChannel Authentication' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\SChannel Authentication' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-64-14' } 'S-1-5-64-21' = @{ 'Description' = "A SID that's used when the Digest authentication package authenticates the client." 'Name' = 'Digest Authentication' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\Digest Authentication' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-64-21' } 'S-1-5-80' = @{ 'Description' = "A SID that's used as an NT Service account prefix." 'Name' = 'NT Service' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\NT Service' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80' } 'S-1-5-80-0' = @{ 'Description' = "A group that includes all service processes that are configured on the system. Membership is controlled by the operating system. This SID was introduced in Windows Server 2008 R2." 'Name' = 'All Services' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\ALL SERVICES' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-0' } 'S-1-5-83-0' = @{ 'Description' = "A built-in group. The group is created when the Hyper-V role is installed. Membership in the group is maintained by the Hyper-V Management Service (VMMS). This group requires the Create Symbolic Links right (SeCreateSymbolicLinkPrivilege) and the Log on as a Service right (SeServiceLogonRight)." 'Name' = 'Virtual Machines' 'NTAccount' = 'NT VIRTUAL MACHINE\Virtual Machines' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-83-0' } 'S-1-5-113' = @{ 'Description' = "You can use this SID when you're restricting network sign-in to local accounts instead of 'administrator' or equivalent. This SID can be effective in blocking network sign-in for local users and groups by account type regardless of what they're named." 'Name' = 'Local account' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\Local account' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-113' } 'S-1-5-114' = @{ 'Description' = "You can use this SID when you're restricting network sign-in to local accounts instead of 'administrator' or equivalent. This SID can be effective in blocking network sign-in for local users and groups by account type regardless of what they're named." 'Name' = 'Local account and member of Administrators group' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\Local account and member of Administrators group' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-114' } <# https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20220502-00/?p=106550 SIDs of the form S-1-15-2-xxx are app container SIDs. These SIDs are present in the token of apps running in an app container, and they encode the app container identity. According to the rules for Mandatory Integrity Control, objects default to allowing write access only to medium integrity level (IL) or higher. App containers run at low IL, so they by default don’t have write access to such objects. An object can add access control entries (ACEs) to its access control list (ACL) to grant access to low IL. There are a few security identifiers (SIDs) you may see when an object extends access to low IL. #> 'S-1-15-2-1' = @{ 'Description' = 'All applications running in an app package context have this app container SID. SECURITY_BUILTIN_PACKAGE_ANY_PACKAGE' 'Name' = 'ALL APPLICATION PACKAGES' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\ALL APPLICATION PACKAGES' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-2-1' } 'S-1-15-2-2' = @{ 'Description' = 'Some applications running in an app package context may have this app container SID. SECURITY_BUILTIN_PACKAGE_ANY_RESTRICTED_PACKAGE' 'Name' = 'ALL RESTRICTED APPLICATION PACKAGES' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\ALL RESTRICTED APPLICATION PACKAGES' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-2-2' } <# # https://devblogs.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20220503-00/?p=106557 SIDs of the form S-1-15-3-xxx are app capability SIDs. These SIDs are present in the token of apps running in an app container, and they encode the app capabilities possessed by the app. The rules for Mandatory Integrity Control say that objects default to allowing write access only to medium integrity level (IL) or higher. Granting access to these app capability SIDs permit access from apps running at low IL, provided they possess the matching capability. Autogenerated S-1-15-3-x1-x2-x3-x4 device capability S-1-15-3-1024-x1-x2-x3-x4-x5-x6-x7-x8 app capability You can sort of see how these assignments evolved. At first, the capability RIDs were assigned by an assigned numbers authority, so anybody who wanted a capability had to apply for a number. After about a dozen of these, the assigned numbers team (probably just one person) realized that this had the potential to become a real bottleneck, so they switched to an autogeneration mechanism, so that people who needed a capability SID could just generate their own. For device capabilities, the four 32-bit decimal digits represent the 16 bytes of the device interface GUID. Let’s decode this one: S-1-15-3-787448254-1207972858-3558633622-1059886964. 787448254 1207972858 3558633622 1059886964 0x2eef81be 0x480033fa 0xd41c7096 0x3f2c9774 be 81 ef 2e fa 33 00 48 96 70 1c d4 74 97 2c 3f 2eef81be 33fa 4800 96 70 1c d4 74 97 2c 3f {2eef81be- 33fa- 4800- 96 70- 1c d4 74 97 2c 3f} And we recognize {2eef81be-33fa-4800-9670-1cd474972c3f} as DEVINTERFACE_AUDIO_CAPTURE, so this is the microphone device capability. For app capabilities, the eight 32-bit decimal numbers represent the 32 bytes of the SHA256 hash of the capability name. You can programmatically generate these app capability SIDs by calling DeriveCapabilitySidsFromName. #> 'S-1-15-3-1' = @{ 'Description' = 'internetClient containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your Internet connection' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your Internet connection' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-1' } 'S-1-15-3-2' = @{ 'Description' = 'internetClientServer containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your Internet connection, including incoming connections from the Internet' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your Internet connection, including incoming connections from the Internet' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-2' } 'S-1-15-3-3' = @{ 'Description' = 'privateNetworkClientServer containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your home or work networks' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your home or work networks' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-3' } 'S-1-15-3-4' = @{ 'Description' = 'picturesLibrary containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your pictures library' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your pictures library' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-4' } 'S-1-15-3-5' = @{ 'Description' = 'videosLibrary containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your videos library' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your videos library' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-5' } 'S-1-15-3-6' = @{ 'Description' = 'musicLibrary containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your music library' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your music library' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-6' } 'S-1-15-3-7' = @{ 'Description' = 'documentsLibrary containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your documents library' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your documents library' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-7' } 'S-1-15-3-8' = @{ 'Description' = 'enterpriseAuthentication containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your Windows credentials' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your Windows credentials' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-8' } 'S-1-15-3-9' = @{ 'Description' = 'sharedUserCertificates containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Software and hardware certificates or a smart card' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Software and hardware certificates or a smart card' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-9' } 'S-1-15-3-10' = @{ 'Description' = 'removableStorage containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Removable storage' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Removable storage' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-10' } 'S-1-15-3-11' = @{ 'Description' = 'appointments containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your Appointments' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your Appointments' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-11' } 'S-1-15-3-12' = @{ 'Description' = 'contacts containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'Your Contacts' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\Your Contacts' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-12' } 'S-1-15-3-4096' = @{ 'Description' = 'internetExplorer containerized app capability SID' 'Name' = 'internetExplorer' 'NTAccount' = 'APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\internetExplorer' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-15-3-4096' } <#Other known SIDs#> 'S-1-5-80-242729624-280608522-2219052887-3187409060-2225943459' = @{ 'Description' = 'Windows Cryptographic service account' 'Name' = 'CryptSvc' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\CryptSvc' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-242729624-280608522-2219052887-3187409060-2225943459' } 'S-1-5-80-3139157870-2983391045-3678747466-658725712-1809340420' = @{ 'Description' = 'Windows Diagnostics service account' 'Name' = 'WdiServiceHost' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\WdiServiceHost' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-3139157870-2983391045-3678747466-658725712-1809340420' } 'S-1-5-80-880578595-1860270145-482643319-2788375705-1540778122' = @{ 'Description' = 'Windows Event Log service account' 'Name' = 'EventLog' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\EventLog' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-880578595-1860270145-482643319-2788375705-1540778122' } 'S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464' = @{ 'Description' = 'Most of the operating system files are owned by the TrustedInstaller security identifier (SID)' 'Name' = 'TrustedInstaller' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464' } <# The following table has examples of domain-relative RIDs that you can use to form well-known SIDs for local groups (aliases). For more information about local and global groups, see Local Group Functions and Group Functions. #> 'S-1-5-32-553' = @{ 'Name' = 'DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_RAS_SERVERS' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_RAS_SERVERS' 'Description' = 'A local group that represents RAS and IAS servers. This group permits access to various attributes of user objects. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_RAS_SERVERS)' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-553' } 'S-1-5-32-571' = @{ 'Name' = 'DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_CACHEABLE_PRINCIPALS_GROUP' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_CACHEABLE_PRINCIPALS_GROUP' 'Description' = 'A local group that represents principals that can be cached. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_CACHEABLE_PRINCIPALS_GROUP)' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-571' } 'S-1-5-32-572' = @{ 'Name' = 'DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_NON_CACHEABLE_PRINCIPALS_GROUP' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_NON_CACHEABLE_PRINCIPALS_GROUP' 'Description' = 'A local group that represents principals that cannot be cached. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_NON_CACHEABLE_PRINCIPALS_GROUP)' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-572' } 'S-1-5-32-581' = @{ 'Name' = 'System Managed Accounts Group' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\System Managed Accounts Group' 'Description' = 'Members are managed by the system. A local group that represents the default account. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_DEFAULT_ACCOUNT)' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-581' } 'S-1-5-32-582' = @{ 'Name' = 'DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_STORAGE_REPLICA_ADMINS' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_STORAGE_REPLICA_ADMINS' 'Description' = 'A local group that represents storage replica admins. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_STORAGE_REPLICA_ADMINS)' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-582' } 'S-1-5-32-583' = @{ 'Name' = 'DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_DEVICE_OWNERS' 'NTAccount' = 'BUILTIN\Device Owners' 'Description' = 'A local group that represents can make settings expected for Device Owners. (DOMAIN_ALIAS_RID_DEVICE_OWNERS)' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32-583' } # Additional SIDs found on local machine via discovery 'S-1-2-0' = @{ 'Name' = 'LOCAL' 'Description' = 'Users who sign in to terminals that are locally (physically) connected to the system.' 'NTAccount' = 'LOCAL SID AUTHORITY\LOCAL' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-2-0' } 'S-1-3-1' = @{ 'Name' = 'CREATOR GROUP' 'Description' = 'A security identifier to be replaced by the primary-group SID of the user who created a new object. Use this SID in inheritable ACEs.' 'NTAccount' = 'CREATOR SID AUTHORITY\CREATOR GROUP' 'SchemaClassName' = 'group' 'SID' = 'S-1-3-1' } 'S-1-3-2' = @{ 'Name' = 'CREATOR OWNER SERVER' 'Description' = "A placeholder in an inheritable ACE. When the ACE is inherited, the system replaces this SID with the SID for the object's owner server and stores information about who created a given object or file." 'NTAccount' = 'CREATOR SID AUTHORITY\CREATOR OWNER SERVER' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-3-2' } 'S-1-3-3' = @{ 'Name' = 'CREATOR GROUP SERVER' 'Description' = "A placeholder in an inheritable ACE. When the ACE is inherited, the system replaces this SID with the SID for the object's group server and stores information about the groups that are allowed to work with the object." 'NTAccount' = 'CREATOR SID AUTHORITY\CREATOR GROUP SERVER' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-3-3' } 'S-1-3-4' = @{ 'Name' = 'OWNER RIGHTS' 'Description' = 'A group that represents the current owner of the object. When an ACE that carries this SID is applied to an object, the system ignores the implicit READ_CONTROL and WRITE_DAC permissions for the object owner.' 'NTAccount' = 'CREATOR SID AUTHORITY\OWNER RIGHTS' 'SchemaClassName' = 'user' 'SID' = 'S-1-3-4' } 'S-1-5-32' = @{ 'Name' = 'BUILTIN' 'Description' = 'NT AUTHORITY\BUILTIN' 'NTAccount' = 'NT AUTHORITY\BUILTIN' 'SchemaClassName' = 'computer' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-32' } 'S-1-5-80-1594061079-2000966165-462148798-751814865-2644087104' = @{ 'Name' = 'LxpSvc' 'Description' = 'Used by the Language Experience Service to provide support for deploying and configuring localized Windows resources.' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\LxpSvc' 'SchemaClassName' = 'service' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-1594061079-2000966165-462148798-751814865-2644087104' } 'S-1-5-80-4230913304-2206818457-801678004-120036174-1892434133' = @{ 'Name' = 'TapiSrv' 'NTAccount' = 'NT SERVICE\TapiSrv' 'Description' = 'Used by the TAPI server to provide the central repository of telephony on data on a computer.' 'SchemaClassName' = 'service' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-80-4230913304-2206818457-801678004-120036174-1892434133' } } } <# COMPUTER-SPECIFIC SIDs 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-1000' = @{ 'Name' = 'WinRMRemoteWMIUsers__' 'Description' = 'Members can access WMI resources over management protocols (such as WS-Management via the Windows Remote Management service). This applies only to WMI namespaces that grant access to the user.' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-1000' } 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-1001' = @{ 'Name' = 'FirstAccountCreatedEndsIn1001' 'Description' = '' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-1001' } 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-1003' = @{ 'Name' = 'GuestAccount' 'Description' = '' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-1003' } 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-500' = @{ 'Name' = 'Administrator' 'Description' = 'Built-in account for administering the computer/domain' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-500' } 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-501' = @{ 'Name' = 'Guest' 'Description' = 'Built-in account for guest access to the computer/domain' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-501' } 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-503' = @{ 'Name' = 'DefaultAccount' 'Description' = 'A user account managed by the system.' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-503' } 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-504' = @{ 'Name' = 'WDAGUtilityAccount' 'Description' = 'A user account managed and used by the system for Windows Defender Application Guard scenarios.' 'SID' = 'S-1-5-21-1340649458-2707494813-4121304102-504' } #> function Get-ParentDomainDnsName { param ( # NetBIOS name of the domain whose parent domain DNS to return [string]$DomainNetbios, # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Existing CIM session to the computer (to avoid creating redundant CIM sessions) [CimSession]$CimSession, # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug', [switch]$RemoveCimSession ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } if (-not $CimSession) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-CachedCimSession -ComputerName '$DomainNetbios'" $CimSession = Get-CachedCimSession -ComputerName $DomainNetbios -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "((Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName '$DomainNetbios' -ClassName CIM_ComputerSystem -ThisFqdn '$ThisFqdn').domain # for '$DomainNetbios'" $ParentDomainDnsName = (Get-CachedCimInstance -ComputerName $DomainNetbios -ClassName CIM_ComputerSystem -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -KeyProperty Name -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams).domain if ($ParentDomainDnsName -eq 'WORKGROUP' -or $null -eq $ParentDomainDnsName) { # For workgroup computers there is no parent domain DNS (workgroups operate on NetBIOS) # There could also be unexpeted scenarios where the parent domain DNS is null # In all of these cases, we will use the primary DNS search suffix (that is where the OS would attempt to register DNS records for the computer) Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "(Get-DnsClientGlobalSetting -CimSession `$CimSession).SuffixSearchList[0] # for '$DomainNetbios'" $ParentDomainDnsName = (Get-DnsClientGlobalSetting -CimSession $CimSession).SuffixSearchList[0] } if ($RemoveCimSession) { Remove-CimSession -CimSession $CimSession } return $ParentDomainDnsName } function Get-TrustedDomain { <# .SYNOPSIS Returns a dictionary of trusted domains by the current computer .DESCRIPTION Works only on domain-joined systems Use nltest to get the domain trust relationships for the domain of the current computer Use ADSI's LDAP provider to get each trusted domain's DNS name, NETBIOS name, and SID For each trusted domain the key is the domain's SID, or its NETBIOS name if the -KeyByNetbios switch parameter was used For each trusted domain the value contains the details retrieved with ADSI .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] One object per trusted domain, each with a DomainFqdn property and a DomainNetbios property .EXAMPLE Get-TrustedDomain Get the trusted domains of the current computer .NOTES #> [OutputType([PSCustomObject])] param ( <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> $ThisHostname = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } # Errors are expected on non-domain-joined systems # Redirecting the error stream to null only suppresses the error in the console; it will still be in the transcript # Instead, redirect the error stream to the output stream and filter out the errors by type Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "$('& nltest /domain_trusts 2>&1')" $nltestresults = & nltest /domain_trusts 2>&1 $RegExForEachTrust = '(?<index>[\d]*): (?<netbios>\S*) (?<dns>\S*).*' ForEach ($Result in $nltestresults) { if ($Result.GetType() -eq [string]) { if ($Result -match $RegExForEachTrust) { [PSCustomObject]@{ DomainFqdn = $Matches.dns DomainNetbios = $Matches.netbios } } } } } function Get-WinNTGroupMember { <# .SYNOPSIS Get members of a group from the WinNT provider .DESCRIPTION Get members of a group from the WinNT provider Convert them from COM objects into usable DirectoryEntry objects .INPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]$DirectoryEntry .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] for each group member .EXAMPLE [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators') | Get-WinNTGroupMember Get members of the local Administrators group #> [OutputType([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry])] param ( # DirectoryEntry [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] of the WinNT group whose members to get [Parameter(ValueFromPipeline)] $DirectoryEntry, # Properties of the group members to find in the directory [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) begin { $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $PropertiesToLoad += 'Department', 'description', 'distinguishedName', 'grouptype', 'managedby', 'member', 'name', 'objectClass', 'objectSid', 'operatingSystem', 'primaryGroupToken', 'samAccountName', 'Title' $PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad | Sort-Object -Unique } process { ForEach ($ThisDirEntry in $DirectoryEntry) { $SourceDomain = $ThisDirEntry.Path | Split-Path -Parent | Split-Path -Leaf # Retrieve the members of local groups if ($null -ne $ThisDirEntry.Properties['groupType'] -or $ThisDirEntry.schemaclassname -in @('group', 'SidTypeWellKnownGroup', 'SidTypeAlias')) { # Assembly: System.DirectoryServices.dll # Namespace: System.DirectoryServices # DirectoryEntry.Invoke(String, Object[]) Method # Calls a method on the native Active Directory Domain Services object # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.directoryservices.directoryentry.invoke?view=dotnet-plat-ext-6.0 # I am using it to call the IADsGroup::Members method # The IADsGroup programming interface is part of the iads.h header # The iads.h header is part of the ADSI component of the Win32 API # The IADsGroup::Members method retrieves a collection of the immediate members of the group. # The collection does not include the members of other groups that are nested within the group. # The default implementation of this method uses LsaLookupSids to query name information for the group members. # LsaLookupSids has a maximum limitation of 20480 SIDs it can convert, therefore that limitation also applies to this method. # Returns a pointer to an IADsMembers interface pointer that receives the collection of group members. The caller must release this interface when it is no longer required. # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/iads/nf-iads-iadsgroup-members # The IADsMembers::Members method would use the same provider but I have chosen not to implement that here # Recursion through nested groups can be handled outside of Get-WinNTGroupMember for now # Maybe that could be a feature in the future # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/adsi/adsi-object-model-for-winnt-providers?redirectedfrom=MSDN $DirectoryMembers = & { $ThisDirEntry.Invoke('Members') } 2>$null Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($ThisDirEntry.Path)' has $(($DirectoryMembers | Measure-Object).Count) members # For $($ThisDirEntry.Path)" $MembersToGet = @{ 'WinNTMembers' = @() } $MemberParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache PropertiesToLoad = $PropertiesToLoad DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI CimCache = $CimCache ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } ForEach ($DirectoryMember in $DirectoryMembers) { # The IADsGroup::Members method returns ComObjects # But proper .Net objects are much easier to work with # So we will convert the ComObjects into DirectoryEntry objects $DirectoryPath = Invoke-ComObject -ComObject $DirectoryMember -Property 'ADsPath' $MemberDomainDn = $null <# WinNT://WORKGROUP/COMPUTER/Administrator WinNT://COMPUTER/Administrators WinNT://CONTOSO/COMPUTER/Administrator #> if ($DirectoryPath -match 'WinNT:\/\/(WORKGROUP\/)?(?<Domain>[^\/]*)\/(?<Acct>.*$)') { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$DirectoryPath' has a domain of '$($Matches.Domain)' and an account name of '$($Matches.Acct)'" $MemberName = $Matches.Acct $MemberDomainNetbios = $Matches.Domain $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$MemberDomainNetbios] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$MemberDomainNetBios'" if ( "WinNT:\\$MemberDomainNetbios" -ne $SourceDomain ) { $MemberDomainDn = $DomainCacheResult.DistinguishedName } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$MemberDomainNetBios'. Available keys: $($DomainsByNetBios.Keys -join ',')" } if ($DirectoryPath -match 'WinNT:\/\/(?<Domain>[^\/]*)\/(?<Middle>[^\/]*)\/(?<Acct>.*$)') { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$DirectoryPath' is named '$($Matches.Acct)' and is on ADSI server '$($Matches.Middle)' joined to the domain '$($Matches.Domain)'" if ($Matches.Middle -eq ($ThisDirEntry.Path | Split-Path -Parent | Split-Path -Leaf)) { $MemberDomainDn = $null } } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$DirectoryPath' does not match 'WinNT:\/\/(?<Domain>[^\/]*)\/(?<Acct>.*$)'" } # LDAP directories have a distinguishedName if ($MemberDomainDn) { # LDAP directories support searching # Combine all members' samAccountNames into a single search per directory distinguishedName # Use a hashtable with the directory path as the key and a string as the definition # The string is a partial LDAP filter, just the segments of the LDAP filter for each samAccountName Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$MemberName' is a domain security principal" $MembersToGet["LDAP://$MemberDomainDn"] += "(samaccountname=$MemberName)" } else { # WinNT directories do not support searching so we will retrieve each member individually # Use a hashtable with 'WinNTMembers' as the key and an array of WinNT directory paths as the value Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$DirectoryPath' is a local security principal" $MembersToGet['WinNTMembers'] += $DirectoryPath } } # Get and Expand the directory entries for the WinNT group members ForEach ($ThisMember in $MembersToGet['WinNTMembers']) { $MemberParams['DirectoryPath'] = $ThisMember Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath '$DirectoryPath'" $MemberDirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry @MemberParams Expand-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $MemberDirectoryEntry -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } # Remove the WinNTMembers key from the hashtable so the only remaining keys are distinguishedName(s) of LDAP directories $MembersToGet.Remove('WinNTMembers') # Get and Expand the directory entries for the LDAP group members $MembersToGet.Keys | ForEach-Object { $MemberParams['DirectoryPath'] = $_ $MemberParams['Filter'] = "(|$($MembersToGet[$_]))" $MemberDirectoryEntries = Search-Directory @MemberParams Expand-WinNTGroupMember -DirectoryEntry $MemberDirectoryEntries -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$($ThisDirEntry.Path)' is not a group" } } } } function Invoke-ComObject { <# .SYNOPSIS Invoke a member method of a ComObject [__ComObject] .DESCRIPTION Use the InvokeMember method to invoke the InvokeMethod or GetProperty or SetProperty methods By default, invokes the GetProperty method for the specified Property If the Value parameter is specified, invokes the SetProperty method for the specified Property If the Method switch is specified, invokes the InvokeMethod method .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS The output of the invoked method is returned directly .EXAMPLE $ComObject = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('WinNT://localhost/Administrators').Invoke('Members') | Select -First 1 Invoke-ComObject -ComObject $ComObject -Property AdsPath Get the first member of the local Administrators group on the current computer Then use Invoke-ComObject to invoke the GetProperty method and return the value of the AdsPath property #> param ( # The ComObject whose member method to invoke [Parameter(Mandatory)] $ComObject, # The property to use with the invoked method [Parameter(Mandatory)] [String]$Property, # The value to set with the SetProperty method, or the name of the method to run with the InvokeMethod method $Value, # Use the InvokeMethod method of the ComObject [Switch]$Method ) <# # Don't remember what this is for If ($ComObject -IsNot "__ComObject") { If (!$ComInvoke) { $Global:ComInvoke = @{} } If (!$ComInvoke.$ComObject) { $ComInvoke.$ComObject = New-Object -ComObject $ComObject } $ComObject = $ComInvoke.$ComObject } #> If ($Method) { $Invoke = "InvokeMethod" } ElseIf ($MyInvocation.BoundParameters.ContainsKey("Value")) { $Invoke = "SetProperty" } Else { $Invoke = "GetProperty" } [__ComObject].InvokeMember($Property, $Invoke, $Null, $ComObject, $Value) } function New-FakeDirectoryEntry { <# Used in place of a DirectoryEntry for certain WinNT security principals that do not have objects in the directory The WinNT provider only throws an error if you try to retrieve certain accounts/identities #> param ( [string]$DirectoryPath, [string]$SID, [string]$Description, [string]$SchemaClassName, # Account names known to be impossible to resolve to a Directory Entry (currently based on testing on a non-domain-joined PC) [hashtable]$NameAllowList = @{ 'ALL APPLICATION PACKAGES' = $null 'Authenticated Users' = $null 'BATCH' = $null 'CREATOR OWNER' = $null 'INTERACTIVE' = $null 'internetExplorer' = $null 'LOCAL SERVICE' = $null 'NETWORK SERVICE' = $null 'RESTRICTED' = $null 'SERVICE' = $null 'RDS Endpoint Servers' = $null 'RDS Remote Access Servers' = $null }, # Unused but here for convenient splats [string]$Name, # Unused but here for convenient splats [string]$NTAccount ) $LastSlashIndex = $DirectoryPath.LastIndexOf('/') $StartIndex = $LastSlashIndex + 1 $Name = $DirectoryPath.Substring($StartIndex, $DirectoryPath.Length - $StartIndex) if (-not $NameAllowList.ContainsKey($Name)) { return $null } $Parent = $DirectoryPath.Substring(0, $LastSlashIndex) $SchemaEntry = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] $objectSid = ConvertTo-SidByteArray -SidString $SID $Properties = @{ Name = $Name Description = $Description objectSid = $objectSid SchemaClassName = $SchemaClassName } $Object = [PSCustomObject]@{ Name = $Name Description = $Description objectSid = $objectSid SchemaClassName = $SchemaClassName Parent = $Parent Path = $DirectoryPath SchemaEntry = $SchemaEntry Properties = $Properties } Add-Member -InputObject $Object -Name RefreshCache -MemberType ScriptMethod -Value {} Add-Member -InputObject $Object -Name Invoke -MemberType ScriptMethod -Value {} return $Object } function Resolve-IdentityReference { <# .SYNOPSIS Use ADSI to lookup info about IdentityReferences from Access Control Entries that came from Discretionary Access Control Lists .DESCRIPTION Based on the IdentityReference proprety of each Access Control Entry: Resolve SID to NT account name and vise-versa Resolve well-known SIDs Resolve generic defaults like 'NT AUTHORITY' and 'BUILTIN' to the applicable computer or domain name .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [PSCustomObject] with IdentityReferenceNetBios,IdentityReferenceDns, and SIDString properties (each strings) .EXAMPLE Resolve-IdentityReference -IdentityReference 'BUILTIN\Administrator' -AdsiServer (Get-AdsiServer 'localhost') Get information about the local Administrator account #> [OutputType([PSCustomObject])] param ( # IdentityReference from an Access Control Entry # Expecting either a SID (S-1-5-18) or an NT account name (CONTOSO\User) [Parameter(Mandatory)] [string]$IdentityReference, # Object from Get-AdsiServer representing the directory server and its attributes [PSObject]$AdsiServer, <# Dictionary to cache directory entries to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Dictionary to cache known servers to avoid redundant lookups Defaults to an empty thread-safe hashtable #> [hashtable]$AdsiServersByDns = [hashtable]::Synchronized(@{}), # Hashtable with known domain NetBIOS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain SIDs as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsBySid = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Hashtable with known domain DNS names as keys and objects with Dns,NetBIOS,SID,DistinguishedName properties as values [hashtable]$DomainsByFqdn = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } # Many Well-Known SIDs cannot be translated with the Translate method # Instead Get-AdsiServer used CIM to find instances of the Win32_Account class on the server # and update the Win32_AccountBySID and Win32_AccountByCaption caches # and Get-KnownSidHashTable and Get-KnownSID are hard-coded with additional well-known SIDs # Search the caches now $ServerNetBIOS = $AdsiServer.Netbios $CacheResult = $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$IdentityReference] if ($CacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountBySID CIM instance cache hit for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBios'" return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $CacheResult.SID IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$ServerNetBIOS\$($CacheResult.Name)" IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.Dns)\$($CacheResult.Name)" } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountBySID CIM instance cache miss for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" } $KnownSIDs = Get-KnownSidHashTable $CacheResult = $KnownSIDs[$IdentityReference] if ($CacheResult) { # IdentityReference is a well-known SID Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Known SID cache hit for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" $Name = $CacheResult['Name'] $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$Name" # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $IdentityReference Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$IdentityReference' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$IdentityReference] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.Dns)\$Name" } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Known SID cache miss for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" } $KnownNTAccounts = @{} ForEach ($KnownNTAccount in $KnownNTAccounts.Keys) { $Known = $KnownNTAccounts[$KnownNTAccount] $KnownNTAccounts[$Known['NTAccount']] = $Known } $CacheResult = $KnownNTAccounts[$IdentityReference] if ($CacheResult) { # IdentityReference is a well-known SID Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Known NTAccount caption hit for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" $Name = $CacheResult['Name'] $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$Name" # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $CacheResult['SID'] Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$IdentityReference' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$IdentityReference] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $CacheResult['SID'] IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.Dns)\$Name" } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Known NTAccount caption cache miss for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" } $CacheResult = Get-KnownSid -SID $IdentityReference if ($CacheResult['Name'] -ne $IdentityReference) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Capability SID pattern hit for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" $Name = $CacheResult['Name'] $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$Name" # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $CacheResult['SID'] Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$IdentityReference' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$IdentityReference] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $CacheResult['SID'] IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.Dns)\$($CacheResult['Name'])" } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Capability SID pattern miss for '$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $split = $IdentityReference.Split('\') $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS $Name = $split[1] if ($Name) { # A Win32_Account's Caption property is a NetBIOS-resolved IdentityReference # NT Authority\SYSTEM would be SERVER123\SYSTEM as a Win32_Account on a server with hostname server123 # This could also match on a domain account since those can be returned as Win32_Account, not sure if that will be a bug or what $CacheResult = $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption']["$ServerNetBIOS\$Name"] if ($CacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountByCaption CIM instance cache hit for '$ServerNetBIOS\$Name' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" if ($ServerNetBIOS -eq $CacheResult.Domain) { $DomainDns = $AdsiServer.Dns } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$CacheResult.Domain] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$($CacheResult.Domain)'" $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$($CacheResult.Domain)'" } } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $DomainNetBIOS -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams $DomainDn = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS].DistinguishedName } return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $CacheResult.SID IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$ServerNetBIOS\$($CacheResult.Name)" IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$($CacheResult.Name)" } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountByCaption CIM instance cache miss for '$ServerNetBIOS\$Name' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" } } $CacheResult = $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption']["$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference"] if ($CacheResult) { # IdentityReference is an NT Account Name without a \, and has been cached from this server Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountByCaption CIM instance cache hit for '$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $CacheResult.SID IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$ServerNetBIOS\$($CacheResult.Name)" IdentityReferenceDns = "$($AdsiServer.Dns)\$($CacheResult.Name)" } } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Win32_AccountByCaption CIM instance cache miss for '$ServerNetBIOS\$IdentityReference' on '$ServerNetBIOS'" } $GetDirectoryEntryParams = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsBySid = $DomainsBySid } # If no match was found in any cache, the path forward depends on the IdentityReference switch -Wildcard ($IdentityReference) { "S-1-*" { # IdentityReference is a Revision 1 SID # The SID of the domain is everything up to (but not including) the last hyphen $DomainSid = $IdentityReference.Substring(0, $IdentityReference.LastIndexOf("-")) Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new('$IdentityReference').Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])" $SecurityIdentifier = [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new($IdentityReference) try { <# This .Net method makes it impossible to redirect the error stream directly Wrapping it in a scriptblock (which is then executed with &) fixes the problem I don't understand exactly why The scriptblock will evaluate null if the SID cannot be translated, and the error stream redirection supresses the error (except in the transcript which catches it) #> $NTAccount = & { $SecurityIdentifier.Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]).Value } 2>$null } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' unexpectedly could not be translated from SID to NTAccount using the [SecurityIdentifier]::Translate method: $($_.Exception.Message)" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Translated NTAccount name for '$IdentityReference' is '$NTAccount'" # Search the cache of domains, first by SID, then by NetBIOS name $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsBySID[$DomainSid] if ($DomainCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain SID cache hit for '$DomainSid'" } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain SID cache miss for '$DomainSid'" $split = $NTAccount -split '\\' $DomainFromSplit = $split[0] if ( $DomainFromSplit.Contains(' ') -or $DomainFromSplit.Contains('BUILTIN\') ) { $NameFromSplit = $split[1] $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$NameFromSplit" # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $IdentityReference Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $NameFromSplit } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$IdentityReference' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$IdentityReference] = $Win32Acct } else { $DomainNetBIOS = $DomainFromSplit } $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainFromSplit] } if ($DomainCacheResult) { $DomainNetBIOS = $DomainCacheResult.Netbios $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain SID '$DomainSid' is unknown. Domain NetBIOS is '$DomainNetBIOS'" $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $DomainNetBIOS -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } $AdsiServer = Get-AdsiServer -Fqdn $DomainDns -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams if ($NTAccount) { # Recursively call this function to resolve the new IdentityReference we have $ResolveIdentityReferenceParams = @{ IdentityReference = $NTAccount AdsiServer = $AdsiServer AdsiServersByDns = $AdsiServersByDns DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsBySID = $DomainsBySID DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios DomainsByFqdn = $DomainsByFqdn ThisHostName = $ThisHostName ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn LogBuffer = $LogBuffer CimCache = $CimCache WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $Resolved = Resolve-IdentityReference @ResolveIdentityReferenceParams } else { $Resolved = [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $IdentityReference IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$DomainNetBIOS\$IdentityReference" IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$IdentityReference" } } return $Resolved } "NT SERVICE\*" { # Some of them are services (yes services can have SIDs, notably this includes TrustedInstaller but it is also common with SQL) if ($ServerNetBIOS -eq $ThisHostName) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "sc.exe showsid $Name" [string[]]$ScResult = & sc.exe showsid $Name } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "Invoke-Command -ComputerName $ServerNetBIOS -ScriptBlock { & sc.exe showsid `$args[0] } -ArgumentList $Name" [string[]]$ScResult = Invoke-Command -ComputerName $ServerNetBIOS -ScriptBlock { & sc.exe showsid $args[0] } -ArgumentList $Name } $ScResultProps = @{} $ScResult | ForEach-Object { $Prop, $Value = ($_ -split ':').Trim() $ScResultProps[$Prop] = $Value } $SIDString = $ScResultProps['SERVICE SID'] $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$Name" $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$ServerNetBIOS] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $ServerNetBIOS -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $SIDString Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$SIDString' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$SIDString] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } "APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\*" { <# These SIDs cannot be resolved from the NTAccount name: PS C:> [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new('S-1-15-2-1').Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]).Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]) MethodInvocationException: Exception calling "Translate" with "1" argument(s): "Some or all identity references could not be translated." Even though resolving the reverse direction works: PS C:> [System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]::new('S-1-15-2-1').Translate([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]) Value ----- APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\ALL APPLICATION PACKAGES So we will instead hardcode a map of SIDs #> $Known = $KnownNTAccounts[$IdentityReference] if ($Known) { $SIDString = $Known['SID'] } else { $SIDString = $IdentityReference } $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$Name" $DomainCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$ServerNetBIOS] if ($DomainCacheResult) { $DomainDns = $DomainCacheResult.Dns } if (-not $DomainDns) { $DomainDns = ConvertTo-Fqdn -NetBIOS $ServerNetBIOS -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams } # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $SIDString Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$SIDString' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$SIDString] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } "BUILTIN\*" { # Some built-in groups such as BUILTIN\Users and BUILTIN\Administrators are not in the CIM class or translatable with the NTAccount.Translate() method # But they may have real DirectoryEntry objects # Try to find the DirectoryEntry object locally on the server $DirectoryPath = "$($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider)`://$ServerNetBIOS/$Name" $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @GetDirectoryEntryParams @LoggingParams $SIDString = (Add-SidInfo -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams).SidString $Caption = "$ServerNetBIOS\$Name" $DomainDns = $AdsiServer.Dns # Update the caches $Win32Acct = [PSCustomObject]@{ SID = $SIDString Caption = $Caption Domain = $ServerNetBIOS Name = $Name } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$Caption' to the 'Win32_AccountByCaption' cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountByCaption'][$Caption] = $Win32Acct Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Add '$SIDString' to the 'Win32_AccountBySID' SID cache for '$ServerNetBIOS'" $CimCache[$ServerNetBIOS]['Win32_AccountBySID'][$SIDString] = $Win32Acct return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = $Caption IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } } # The IdentityReference is an NTAccount # Resolve NTAccount to SID # Start by determining the domain if (-not [string]::IsNullOrEmpty($DomainNetBIOS)) { $DomainNetBIOSCacheResult = $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] if (-not $DomainNetBIOSCacheResult) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache miss for '$($DomainNetBIOS)'." $DomainNetBIOSCacheResult = Get-AdsiServer -Netbios $DomainNetBIOS -CimCache $CimCache -DirectoryEntryCache $DirectoryEntryCache -DomainsByFqdn $DomainsByFqdn -DomainsByNetbios $DomainsByNetbios -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn @LoggingParams $DomainsByNetbios[$DomainNetBIOS] = $DomainNetBIOSCacheResult } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # Domain NetBIOS cache hit for '$($DomainNetBIOS)'." } $DomainDn = $DomainNetBIOSCacheResult.DistinguishedName $DomainDns = $DomainNetBIOSCacheResult.Dns # Try to resolve the account against the server the Access Control Entry came from (which may or may not be the directory server for the account) Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$ServerNetBIOS', '$Name').Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])" $NTAccount = [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new($ServerNetBIOS, $Name) try { $SIDString = & { $NTAccount.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]) } 2>$null } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$ServerNetBIOS\$Name' could not be translated from NTAccount to SID: $($_.Exception.Message)" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } if (-not $SIDString) { # Try to resolve the account against the domain indicated in its NT Account Name (which may or may not be the correct ADSI server for the account, it won't be if it's NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM for example) Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$DomainNetBIOS', '$Name')" $NTAccount = [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new($DomainNetBIOS, $Name) Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "[System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]::new('$DomainNetBIOS', '$Name').Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])" try { $SIDString = & { $NTAccount.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier]) } 2>$null } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$NTAccount' could not be translated from NTAccount to SID: $($_.Exception.Message)" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } } else { $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS } if (-not $SIDString) { # Try to resolve the account against the domain indicated in its NT Account Name # Add this domain to our list of known domains try { $SearchPath = Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath -DirectoryPath "LDAP://$DomainDn" -ThisFqdn $ThisFqdn -CimCache $CimCache @LoggingParams $SearchParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DirectoryPath = $SearchPath DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios Filter = "(samaccountname=$Name)" PropertiesToLoad = @('objectClass', 'distinguishedName', 'name', 'grouptype', 'description', 'managedby', 'member', 'objectClass', 'Department', 'Title') ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } $DirectoryEntry = Search-Directory @SearchParams @LoggingParams $SIDString = (Add-SidInfo -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams).SidString } catch { $LogParams['Type'] = 'Warning' # PS 5.1 will not allow you to override the Splat by manually calling the param, so we must update the splat Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "'$IdentityReference' could not be resolved against its directory. Error: $($_.Exception.Message)" $LogParams['Type'] = $DebugOutputStream } } if (-not $SIDString) { # Try to find the DirectoryEntry object directly on the server $DirectoryPath = "$($AdsiServer.AdsiProvider)`://$ServerNetBIOS/$Name" $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry -DirectoryPath $DirectoryPath @GetDirectoryEntryParams @LoggingParams $SIDString = (Add-SidInfo -InputObject $DirectoryEntry -DomainsBySid $DomainsBySid @LoggingParams).SidString } if ($SIDString) { $DomainNetBIOS = $ServerNetBIOS } # This covers unresolved SIDs for deleted accounts, broken domain trusts, etc. if ( '' -eq "$Name" ) { $Name = $IdentityReference Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # An IdentityReference girl has no name ($Name)" } else { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text " # '$IdentityReference' is named '$Name'" } return [PSCustomObject]@{ IdentityReference = $IdentityReference SIDString = $SIDString IdentityReferenceNetBios = "$DomainNetBios\$Name" #-replace "^$ThisHostname\\", "$ThisHostname\" # to correct capitalization in a PS5-friendly way IdentityReferenceDns = "$DomainDns\$Name" } } } function Search-Directory { <# .SYNOPSIS Use Active Directory Service Interfaces to search an LDAP directory .DESCRIPTION Find directory entries using the LDAP provider for ADSI (the WinNT provider does not support searching) Provides a wrapper around the [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher] class .INPUTS None. Pipeline input is not accepted. .OUTPUTS [System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry] .EXAMPLE Search-Directory -Filter '' As the current user on a domain-joined computer, bind to the current domain and search for all directory entries matching the LDAP filter #> param ( <# Path to the directory object to retrieve Defaults to the root of the current domain #> [string]$DirectoryPath = (([adsisearcher]'').SearchRoot.Path), # Filter for the LDAP search [string]$Filter, # Number of records per page of results [int]$PageSize = 1000, # Additional properties to return [string[]]$PropertiesToLoad, # Credentials to use [pscredential]$Credential, # Scope of the search [string]$SearchScope = 'subtree', # Cache of CIM sessions and instances to reduce connections and queries [hashtable]$CimCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# Hashtable containing cached directory entries so they don't have to be retrieved from the directory again Uses a thread-safe hashtable by default #> [hashtable]$DirectoryEntryCache = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), [hashtable]$DomainsByNetbios = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), <# FQDN of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE and [System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName() #> [string]$ThisFqdn = ([System.Net.Dns]::GetHostByName((HOSTNAME.EXE)).HostName), <# Hostname of the computer running this function. Can be provided as a string to avoid calls to HOSTNAME.EXE #> [string]$ThisHostName = (HOSTNAME.EXE), # Username to record in log messages (can be passed to Write-LogMsg as a parameter to avoid calling an external process) [string]$WhoAmI = (whoami.EXE), # Log messages which have not yet been written to disk [hashtable]$LogBuffer = ([hashtable]::Synchronized(@{})), # Output stream to send the log messages to [ValidateSet('Silent', 'Quiet', 'Success', 'Debug', 'Verbose', 'Output', 'Host', 'Warning', 'Error', 'Information', $null)] [string]$DebugOutputStream = 'Debug' ) $LogParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname Type = $DebugOutputStream Buffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $DirectoryEntryParameters = @{ DirectoryEntryCache = $DirectoryEntryCache DomainsByNetbios = $DomainsByNetbios ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI CimCache = $CimCache ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } if ($Credential) { $DirectoryEntryParameters['Credential'] = $Credential } if (($null -eq $DirectoryPath -or '' -eq $DirectoryPath)) { $CimParams = @{ CimCache = $CimCache ComputerName = $ThisFqdn DebugOutputStream = $DebugOutputStream ThisFqdn = $ThisFqdn } $LoggingParams = @{ ThisHostname = $ThisHostname LogBuffer = $LogBuffer WhoAmI = $WhoAmI } $Workgroup = (Get-CachedCimInstance -ClassName 'Win32_ComputerSystem' -KeyProperty Name @CimParams @LoggingParams).Workgroup $DirectoryPath = "WinNT://$Workgroup/$ThisHostname" } $DirectoryEntryParameters['DirectoryPath'] = $DirectoryPath $DirectoryEntry = Get-DirectoryEntry @DirectoryEntryParameters Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$DirectorySearcher = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new(([System.DirectoryServices.DirectoryEntry]::new('$DirectoryPath')))" $DirectorySearcher = [System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher]::new($DirectoryEntry) if ($Filter) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$DirectorySearcher.Filter = '$Filter'" $DirectorySearcher.Filter = $Filter } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$DirectorySearcher.PageSize = '$PageSize'" $DirectorySearcher.PageSize = $PageSize Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$DirectorySearcher.SearchScope = '$SearchScope'" $DirectorySearcher.SearchScope = $SearchScope ForEach ($Property in $PropertiesToLoad) { Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$DirectorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add('$Property')" $null = $DirectorySearcher.PropertiesToLoad.Add($Property) } Write-LogMsg @LogParams -Text "`$DirectorySearcher.FindAll()" $SearchResultCollection = $DirectorySearcher.FindAll() # TODO: Fix this. Problems in integration testing trying to use the objects later if I dispose them here now. # Error: Cannot access a disposed object. #$null = $DirectorySearcher.Dispose() #$null = $DirectoryEntry.Dispose() $Output = [System.DirectoryServices.SearchResult[]]::new($SearchResultCollection.Count) $SearchResultCollection.CopyTo($Output, 0) #$null = $SearchResultCollection.Dispose() return $Output } <# # Add any custom C# classes as usable (exported) types $CSharpFiles = Get-ChildItem -Path "$PSScriptRoot\*.cs" ForEach ($ThisFile in $CSharpFiles) { Add-Type -Path $ThisFile.FullName -ErrorAction Stop } #> Export-ModuleMember -Function @('Add-DomainFqdnToLdapPath','Add-SidInfo','ConvertFrom-DirectoryEntry','ConvertFrom-IdentityReferenceResolved','ConvertFrom-PropertyValueCollectionToString','ConvertFrom-ResultPropertyValueCollectionToString','ConvertFrom-SearchResult','ConvertFrom-SidString','ConvertTo-DecStringRepresentation','ConvertTo-DistinguishedName','ConvertTo-DomainNetBIOS','ConvertTo-DomainSidString','ConvertTo-Fqdn','ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentation','ConvertTo-HexStringRepresentationForLDAPFilterString','ConvertTo-SidByteArray','Expand-AdsiGroupMember','Expand-WinNTGroupMember','Find-AdsiProvider','Find-LocalAdsiServerSid','Get-ADSIGroup','Get-ADSIGroupMember','Get-AdsiServer','Get-CurrentDomain','Get-DirectoryEntry','Get-KnownSid','Get-KnownSidHashtable','Get-ParentDomainDnsName','Get-TrustedDomain','Get-WinNTGroupMember','Invoke-ComObject','New-FakeDirectoryEntry','Resolve-IdentityReference','Search-Directory') |